Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely...Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely malnourished patients. The assessment of nutritional status should be a priority when initiating medical nutrition therapy. We evaluated the agreement between Subjective and Objective evaluation of pre-operative nutrition status of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary cancer centre. Methods: Two hundred and thirty seven head and neck cancer patients who underwent surgery were eligible. The patients included both males (147) and females (90) with age varying between 23 - 88 years. All patients were screened for pre-operative nutrition status objectively as well as subjectively. The association of pre-operative SGA scores (A, B and C) subjectively, and PNS score (0, 1, 2) objectively were tested for statistical significance. Results: The cancer sites included tongue in 82, buccal mucosa in 30, thyroid in 28, alveolus in 18, glottis in 10, RMT in 10, nasal cavity in 9, FOM in 8. The pre-operative nutrition status based on subjective scores are A in 156 (65.8%), B in 75 (32%) and C in 6 (2.5%). The objective parameters obtained on the basis of BMI, % weight loss, PNI and S. albumin values are PNS 0 in 161 (67.9%), PNS 1 in 71 (30%) and PNS 2 in 5 (2.1%) patients. As the kappa coefficient p-0.56, there is moderate agreement between the pre-operative nutrition status subjectively as well as objectively. Conclusion: Subjective global assessment is a simple and inexpensive way to screen the pre-operative nutrition status when compared to the other objective assessment tool. SGA has moderate agreement with expensive and complicated objective assessment tools. So it can be a reliable tool for assessing the pre-operative nutrition status.展开更多
The difficulty in establishing the finite element model of head and cervical spine is interpreted in the study. A head-neck 3D model is constructed accurately and quickly by the technology of CT scan,the automatically...The difficulty in establishing the finite element model of head and cervical spine is interpreted in the study. A head-neck 3D model is constructed accurately and quickly by the technology of CT scan,the automatically modeling of Mimics software and the RE technology of Geomagic software. Then the finite element model of the head-neck which is close to the real one is set up by the preprocessor of the FEM soft ware ANSYS. After the transient finite element analysis is performed on the model,the historical response of the displacement of the head is obtained. The result is validated by the result of the existed experiment. The stress,as well as the deformation,of nodes in the head and the cervical spine at any time benefits a lot to the clinic study on the injure to the head and neck caused by the impacts. And all the analysis is done by limited computer available.展开更多
Background： Using a cross-sectional design comparison, two overhead press techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） were compared. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of behind the head...Background： Using a cross-sectional design comparison, two overhead press techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） were compared. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of behind the head or in-front of the head overhead pressing technique on shoulder range of movement （ROM） and spine posture. The overhead press is commonly prescribed exercise. The two techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） may influence joint mechanics and therefore require an objective analysis. Methods： Passive shoulder ROM quantified using goniometric measures, dynamic ROM utilised three-dimensional （3D） biomechanical mea- sures （120 Hz） of 33 participants performing overhead pressing in a seated position. The timing and synchronisation of the upper limb shoulder and spine segments were quantified and influence of each technique was investigated. Results： The in-front technique commenced in lordotic position, whilst behind the head technique commenced in kyphotic position. Behind the head technique started with less thoracic extension than in-front condition. The thoracic spine remained extended and moved between 12~ and 15~ regardless of gender or technique. The techniques resulted in a significant difference between genders. Males were able to maintain a flat or normal lumbar lordosis, whereas females tended to kyphotic. Conclusion： Shoulder ROM was within passive ROM for all measures except external rotation for males with the behind the head technique. To avoid possible injury passive ROM should be increased prior to behind the head protocol. Females showed greater spine movements, suggesting trunk strengthening may assist overhead pressing techniques. For participants with normal trunk stability and ideal shoulder ROM, overhead pressing is a safe exercise （for the shoulder and spine） when performed either in-front of or behind the head.展开更多
自然语言生成(Natural Language Generation,NLG)任务是自然语言处理(Natural Languge Processing,NLP)任务中的一个子类,并且是一项具有挑战性的任务。随着深度学习在自然语言处理中的大量应用,其已经变成自然语言生成中处理各种任务...自然语言生成(Natural Language Generation,NLG)任务是自然语言处理(Natural Languge Processing,NLP)任务中的一个子类,并且是一项具有挑战性的任务。随着深度学习在自然语言处理中的大量应用,其已经变成自然语言生成中处理各种任务的主要方法。自然语言生成任务中主要有问答任务、生成摘要任务、生成评论任务、机器翻译任务、生成式对话任务等。传统的生成模型依赖输入文本,基于有限的知识生成文本。为解决这个问题,引入了知识增强的方法。首先介绍了自然语言生成的研究背景和重要模型,然后针对自然语言处理归纳介绍了提高模型性能的方法,以及基于内部知识(如提取关键词增强生成、围绕主题词等)和外部知识(如借助外部知识图谱增强生成)集成到文本生成过程中的方法和架构。最后,通过分析生成任务面临的一些问题,讨论了未来的挑战和研究方向。展开更多
When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s r...When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s relevance and the abstract’s content,they download or purchase the article and cite it in their manuscript.Three major elements influence whether an article will be cited in future manuscripts:the keywords,the title,and the abstract.This indicates that these elements are the“key dissemination tools”for research papers.If these three elements are not determined judiciously by authors,it may adversely affect the manuscript’s retrievability,readability,and citation index,which can negatively impact both the author and the journal.In this article,we share our informed perspective on writing strategies to enhance the searchability and citation of medical articles.These strategies are adopted from the principles of search engine optimization,but they do not aim to cheat or manipulate the search engine.Instead,they adopt a reader-centric content writing methodology that targets well-researched keywords to the readers who are searching for them.Reputable journals,such as Nature and the British Medical Journal,emphasize“online searchability”in their author guidelines.We hope that this article will encourage medical authors to approach manuscript drafting from the perspective of“looking inside-out.”In other words,they should not only draft manuscripts around what they want to convey to fellow researchers but also integrate what the readers want to discover.It is a call-to-action to better understand and engage search engine algorithms,so they yield information in a desired and self-learning manner because the“Cloud”is the new stakeholder.展开更多
文摘Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely malnourished patients. The assessment of nutritional status should be a priority when initiating medical nutrition therapy. We evaluated the agreement between Subjective and Objective evaluation of pre-operative nutrition status of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary cancer centre. Methods: Two hundred and thirty seven head and neck cancer patients who underwent surgery were eligible. The patients included both males (147) and females (90) with age varying between 23 - 88 years. All patients were screened for pre-operative nutrition status objectively as well as subjectively. The association of pre-operative SGA scores (A, B and C) subjectively, and PNS score (0, 1, 2) objectively were tested for statistical significance. Results: The cancer sites included tongue in 82, buccal mucosa in 30, thyroid in 28, alveolus in 18, glottis in 10, RMT in 10, nasal cavity in 9, FOM in 8. The pre-operative nutrition status based on subjective scores are A in 156 (65.8%), B in 75 (32%) and C in 6 (2.5%). The objective parameters obtained on the basis of BMI, % weight loss, PNI and S. albumin values are PNS 0 in 161 (67.9%), PNS 1 in 71 (30%) and PNS 2 in 5 (2.1%) patients. As the kappa coefficient p-0.56, there is moderate agreement between the pre-operative nutrition status subjectively as well as objectively. Conclusion: Subjective global assessment is a simple and inexpensive way to screen the pre-operative nutrition status when compared to the other objective assessment tool. SGA has moderate agreement with expensive and complicated objective assessment tools. So it can be a reliable tool for assessing the pre-operative nutrition status.
文摘The difficulty in establishing the finite element model of head and cervical spine is interpreted in the study. A head-neck 3D model is constructed accurately and quickly by the technology of CT scan,the automatically modeling of Mimics software and the RE technology of Geomagic software. Then the finite element model of the head-neck which is close to the real one is set up by the preprocessor of the FEM soft ware ANSYS. After the transient finite element analysis is performed on the model,the historical response of the displacement of the head is obtained. The result is validated by the result of the existed experiment. The stress,as well as the deformation,of nodes in the head and the cervical spine at any time benefits a lot to the clinic study on the injure to the head and neck caused by the impacts. And all the analysis is done by limited computer available.
文摘Background： Using a cross-sectional design comparison, two overhead press techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） were compared. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of behind the head or in-front of the head overhead pressing technique on shoulder range of movement （ROM） and spine posture. The overhead press is commonly prescribed exercise. The two techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） may influence joint mechanics and therefore require an objective analysis. Methods： Passive shoulder ROM quantified using goniometric measures, dynamic ROM utilised three-dimensional （3D） biomechanical mea- sures （120 Hz） of 33 participants performing overhead pressing in a seated position. The timing and synchronisation of the upper limb shoulder and spine segments were quantified and influence of each technique was investigated. Results： The in-front technique commenced in lordotic position, whilst behind the head technique commenced in kyphotic position. Behind the head technique started with less thoracic extension than in-front condition. The thoracic spine remained extended and moved between 12~ and 15~ regardless of gender or technique. The techniques resulted in a significant difference between genders. Males were able to maintain a flat or normal lumbar lordosis, whereas females tended to kyphotic. Conclusion： Shoulder ROM was within passive ROM for all measures except external rotation for males with the behind the head technique. To avoid possible injury passive ROM should be increased prior to behind the head protocol. Females showed greater spine movements, suggesting trunk strengthening may assist overhead pressing techniques. For participants with normal trunk stability and ideal shoulder ROM, overhead pressing is a safe exercise （for the shoulder and spine） when performed either in-front of or behind the head.
文摘自然语言生成(Natural Language Generation,NLG)任务是自然语言处理(Natural Languge Processing,NLP)任务中的一个子类,并且是一项具有挑战性的任务。随着深度学习在自然语言处理中的大量应用,其已经变成自然语言生成中处理各种任务的主要方法。自然语言生成任务中主要有问答任务、生成摘要任务、生成评论任务、机器翻译任务、生成式对话任务等。传统的生成模型依赖输入文本,基于有限的知识生成文本。为解决这个问题,引入了知识增强的方法。首先介绍了自然语言生成的研究背景和重要模型,然后针对自然语言处理归纳介绍了提高模型性能的方法,以及基于内部知识(如提取关键词增强生成、围绕主题词等)和外部知识(如借助外部知识图谱增强生成)集成到文本生成过程中的方法和架构。最后,通过分析生成任务面临的一些问题,讨论了未来的挑战和研究方向。
文摘When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s relevance and the abstract’s content,they download or purchase the article and cite it in their manuscript.Three major elements influence whether an article will be cited in future manuscripts:the keywords,the title,and the abstract.This indicates that these elements are the“key dissemination tools”for research papers.If these three elements are not determined judiciously by authors,it may adversely affect the manuscript’s retrievability,readability,and citation index,which can negatively impact both the author and the journal.In this article,we share our informed perspective on writing strategies to enhance the searchability and citation of medical articles.These strategies are adopted from the principles of search engine optimization,but they do not aim to cheat or manipulate the search engine.Instead,they adopt a reader-centric content writing methodology that targets well-researched keywords to the readers who are searching for them.Reputable journals,such as Nature and the British Medical Journal,emphasize“online searchability”in their author guidelines.We hope that this article will encourage medical authors to approach manuscript drafting from the perspective of“looking inside-out.”In other words,they should not only draft manuscripts around what they want to convey to fellow researchers but also integrate what the readers want to discover.It is a call-to-action to better understand and engage search engine algorithms,so they yield information in a desired and self-learning manner because the“Cloud”is the new stakeholder.
