From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding lingui...From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding linguistic attitudes but social language attitudes, which are based on their social and cultural values. The relevant researches on language attitudes show how subjective is language attitudes and the reasons behind that is analysed. The study is significant in that it helps us to understand the factors that influences the language attitudes such identities, personal experience and contexts.展开更多
As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students ...As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students assumed a more active role during the interactions, probably due to the less hierarchical situation they were in. The CTP provided the students the opportunity to express themselves in a foreign language without the interdiction they felt inside the classroom. Within this new context, the lack of confidence they might have been facing when communicating in a foreign language started to disappear, giving place to a motivation to express what they felt in this ＂new＂ language. Therefore, the target language started to become a new locus, a new way that made them not feel scared, but free and curious to say things that they would not say in similar situations when communicating in their mother tongue. In other words, the foreign language can be the place where everything seems to be possible as we do not have the control or interdiction imposed by the social values presented in our society and manifested in our mother tongue. In this study, we analyze some discursive situations taken from a session of CTP in which the students show their new identities in the foreign language. The results show that acquiring another language is much more than acquiring new linguistic aspects of communication, but also giving birth to new identities that make us become new subjects.展开更多
In order to promote the activeness and initiative of learners and allow them to take theirlearning advantages,a teacher should be fully aware of the psychological process and models ofL2L．For no matter how well learn...In order to promote the activeness and initiative of learners and allow them to take theirlearning advantages,a teacher should be fully aware of the psychological process and models ofL2L．For no matter how well learners can command a language,their subjective incentives play adecisive role,that is the case particularly for non—Eniglish majors,who are always exposed tocrowded,serious and teacher—centred learning contexts.展开更多
Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network te...Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network technology.The system enhances the foundational model by utilizing Qianfan’s training tools and integrating advanced techniques,such as supervised fine-tuning.In the data preparation phase,a comprehensive collection of subjective data related to computer network technology is gathered,cleaned,and labeled.During model training and evaluation,optimal hyperparameters and tuning strategies are applied,resulting in a model capable of scoring with high accuracy.Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model performs well across multiple dimensions-content,expression,and development scores-yielding results comparable to those of manual scoring.展开更多
This paper examines the early acquisition of null subjects and overt subjects and how they are distributed and realized in the early speech of Arabic dialect-speaking children.①The study accounts for the phenomenon o...This paper examines the early acquisition of null subjects and overt subjects and how they are distributed and realized in the early speech of Arabic dialect-speaking children.①The study accounts for the phenomenon of subjects by examining a longitudinal corpus of two children,Wala and Ibraheem,who were around two years old,speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)dialect.The production and elicited production data collection methods were used in the study to collect the corpus during five months.The results of the study showed that null-subjects appear with a high proportion compared to the overt subjects.It was found that null subjects and overt subjects in the speech of Ibraheem and Wala had a similar distribution in the imperfective and the perfective,of which 86-87%are null subjects and 12-14%are overt subjects.The paper examined the widespread linguistic phenomenon of Null Subject Parameter acquisition,(Rizzi,1982;Hyams,1986,1989)that is emergence of null subjects in line with overt subjects.The paper supports Hyam’s(1982)argument on the acquisition of Null Subject Parameter where we can find children acquire null subjects early around 2 years of age.In contrast to non-null subject languages(like English),Null Subject Languages(NSLs)like Arabic happen to have null subjects appear more frequently and this is due to the rich inflectional morphology of NSLs.展开更多
In this article,I will talk about the definition and discrimination of subjective test and objective test.The strong points and weak points are also discussed.Although each has its own disadvantages,subjective test an...In this article,I will talk about the definition and discrimination of subjective test and objective test.The strong points and weak points are also discussed.Although each has its own disadvantages,subjective test and objective test will still play important roles at present or in future.A good classroom test will usually contain both subjective and objective test items.展开更多
As one locus of extraordinary collocations,poeticized language features expressions that depart from the physical reality,involving the subjective transformation of objects in the mental space.Increasing subjectivity ...As one locus of extraordinary collocations,poeticized language features expressions that depart from the physical reality,involving the subjective transformation of objects in the mental space.Increasing subjectivity renders extraordinary collocations resistant to rational readings,resulting in two types of constructions:“innovative”collocations and“self-created”collocations.The meaning construction in the former is easier to achieve than in the latter;the former entails the“rational evaluation”and the latter the“speculative evaluation”processes in metalanguage.With its rule-breaking defiance caused by meaning obscurity compensated for by rich implied meaning and positive aesthetic feedback,the“self-created”collocations are regarded as poetic and re-accepted by the system.Therefore,the so-termed“poeticness”is derived from the positive feedback during the speculative evaluation process and constitutes the main substance of aesthetic interpretation.展开更多
This thesis examines the dialectical relationship between language standardization and variation from the perspective of language ecology. Language standardization is a task of calibrating language ecological niche. N...This thesis examines the dialectical relationship between language standardization and variation from the perspective of language ecology. Language standardization is a task of calibrating language ecological niche. No matter what kind of language in the world, it would experience language standardization issues during its development process. Language standardization and variation is the unity of contradiction. To handle their relationship properly is the basis of maintaining the harmonious language ecology, and also a prerequisite of forming a good language environment. It is pragmatic subject＇s bounden duty to observe and perform language standardization. Dynamic trend is determined by linguistic ecological environment. Pragmatic energy is determined by the competition among different languages. Linguistic ecological variation determines pragmatic change of pragmatic subject.展开更多
As the outcome of humans' social activities,moral language plays a crucial role in transmitting moral messages among human beings. Furthermore,the cognitive,emotional and w ill factors in its structure are of grea...As the outcome of humans' social activities,moral language plays a crucial role in transmitting moral messages among human beings. Furthermore,the cognitive,emotional and w ill factors in its structure are of great value to the moral subject in its developing process of morality. T he meaning of moral language arises out of particular moral situations and alw ays refers to particular moral situations. C onsequently,only by combining and utilizing specific situations in moral practice,the value of moral language can be realized.展开更多
In Chomsky's Government and Binding theory, null subject is a kind of Empty Category, namely"pro". Whether subject can be empty constitutes an important parameter of universal grammar, called pro-drop Pa...In Chomsky's Government and Binding theory, null subject is a kind of Empty Category, namely"pro". Whether subject can be empty constitutes an important parameter of universal grammar, called pro-drop Parameter which is often used to indicate the syntactic difference in human language. According to that, Chomsky divides human language into two categories:pro-drop language and non pro-drop language. The former one allows the loss of the subject, stood for by Italian, Spanish, Chinese, etc. The latter consists of English, French, etc. whose subjects cannot be omitted. Through a comparative study, taking Chinese and English as the examples, this paper aims to disclose the differences between pro-drop language and non pro-drop language.展开更多
Document subjectivity analysis has become an important aspect of web text content mining. This problem is similar to traditional text categorization, thus many related classification techniques can be adapted here. Ho...Document subjectivity analysis has become an important aspect of web text content mining. This problem is similar to traditional text categorization, thus many related classification techniques can be adapted here. However, there is one significant difference that more language or semantic information is required for better estimating the subjectivity of a document. Therefore, in this paper, our focuses are mainly on two aspects. One is how to extract useful and meaningful language features, and the other is how to construct appropriate language models efficiently for this special task. For the first issue, we conduct a Global-Filtering and Local-Weighting strategy to select and evaluate language features in a series of n-grams with different orders and within various distance-windows. For the second issue, we adopt Maximum Entropy （MaxEnt） modeling methods to construct our language model framework. Besides the classical MaxEnt models, we have also constructed two kinds of improved models with Gaussian and exponential priors respectively. Detailed experiments given in this paper show that with well selected and weighted language features, MaxEnt models with exponential priors are significantly more suitable for the text subjectivity analysis task.展开更多
文摘From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding linguistic attitudes but social language attitudes, which are based on their social and cultural values. The relevant researches on language attitudes show how subjective is language attitudes and the reasons behind that is analysed. The study is significant in that it helps us to understand the factors that influences the language attitudes such identities, personal experience and contexts.
文摘As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students assumed a more active role during the interactions, probably due to the less hierarchical situation they were in. The CTP provided the students the opportunity to express themselves in a foreign language without the interdiction they felt inside the classroom. Within this new context, the lack of confidence they might have been facing when communicating in a foreign language started to disappear, giving place to a motivation to express what they felt in this ＂new＂ language. Therefore, the target language started to become a new locus, a new way that made them not feel scared, but free and curious to say things that they would not say in similar situations when communicating in their mother tongue. In other words, the foreign language can be the place where everything seems to be possible as we do not have the control or interdiction imposed by the social values presented in our society and manifested in our mother tongue. In this study, we analyze some discursive situations taken from a session of CTP in which the students show their new identities in the foreign language. The results show that acquiring another language is much more than acquiring new linguistic aspects of communication, but also giving birth to new identities that make us become new subjects.
文摘In order to promote the activeness and initiative of learners and allow them to take theirlearning advantages,a teacher should be fully aware of the psychological process and models ofL2L．For no matter how well learners can command a language,their subjective incentives play adecisive role,that is the case particularly for non—Eniglish majors,who are always exposed tocrowded,serious and teacher—centred learning contexts.
文摘Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network technology.The system enhances the foundational model by utilizing Qianfan’s training tools and integrating advanced techniques,such as supervised fine-tuning.In the data preparation phase,a comprehensive collection of subjective data related to computer network technology is gathered,cleaned,and labeled.During model training and evaluation,optimal hyperparameters and tuning strategies are applied,resulting in a model capable of scoring with high accuracy.Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model performs well across multiple dimensions-content,expression,and development scores-yielding results comparable to those of manual scoring.
文摘This paper examines the early acquisition of null subjects and overt subjects and how they are distributed and realized in the early speech of Arabic dialect-speaking children.①The study accounts for the phenomenon of subjects by examining a longitudinal corpus of two children,Wala and Ibraheem,who were around two years old,speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)dialect.The production and elicited production data collection methods were used in the study to collect the corpus during five months.The results of the study showed that null-subjects appear with a high proportion compared to the overt subjects.It was found that null subjects and overt subjects in the speech of Ibraheem and Wala had a similar distribution in the imperfective and the perfective,of which 86-87%are null subjects and 12-14%are overt subjects.The paper examined the widespread linguistic phenomenon of Null Subject Parameter acquisition,(Rizzi,1982;Hyams,1986,1989)that is emergence of null subjects in line with overt subjects.The paper supports Hyam’s(1982)argument on the acquisition of Null Subject Parameter where we can find children acquire null subjects early around 2 years of age.In contrast to non-null subject languages(like English),Null Subject Languages(NSLs)like Arabic happen to have null subjects appear more frequently and this is due to the rich inflectional morphology of NSLs.
文摘In this article,I will talk about the definition and discrimination of subjective test and objective test.The strong points and weak points are also discussed.Although each has its own disadvantages,subjective test and objective test will still play important roles at present or in future.A good classroom test will usually contain both subjective and objective test items.
基金the initial findings of the research project“Research on Subjective Semantics of Extraordinary Collocations”(2020SJA1363)funded by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education,Philosophy and Social Sciences Fund Project for Colleges and Universities.
文摘As one locus of extraordinary collocations,poeticized language features expressions that depart from the physical reality,involving the subjective transformation of objects in the mental space.Increasing subjectivity renders extraordinary collocations resistant to rational readings,resulting in two types of constructions:“innovative”collocations and“self-created”collocations.The meaning construction in the former is easier to achieve than in the latter;the former entails the“rational evaluation”and the latter the“speculative evaluation”processes in metalanguage.With its rule-breaking defiance caused by meaning obscurity compensated for by rich implied meaning and positive aesthetic feedback,the“self-created”collocations are regarded as poetic and re-accepted by the system.Therefore,the so-termed“poeticness”is derived from the positive feedback during the speculative evaluation process and constitutes the main substance of aesthetic interpretation.
文摘This thesis examines the dialectical relationship between language standardization and variation from the perspective of language ecology. Language standardization is a task of calibrating language ecological niche. No matter what kind of language in the world, it would experience language standardization issues during its development process. Language standardization and variation is the unity of contradiction. To handle their relationship properly is the basis of maintaining the harmonious language ecology, and also a prerequisite of forming a good language environment. It is pragmatic subject＇s bounden duty to observe and perform language standardization. Dynamic trend is determined by linguistic ecological environment. Pragmatic energy is determined by the competition among different languages. Linguistic ecological variation determines pragmatic change of pragmatic subject.
文摘As the outcome of humans' social activities,moral language plays a crucial role in transmitting moral messages among human beings. Furthermore,the cognitive,emotional and w ill factors in its structure are of great value to the moral subject in its developing process of morality. T he meaning of moral language arises out of particular moral situations and alw ays refers to particular moral situations. C onsequently,only by combining and utilizing specific situations in moral practice,the value of moral language can be realized.
文摘In Chomsky's Government and Binding theory, null subject is a kind of Empty Category, namely"pro". Whether subject can be empty constitutes an important parameter of universal grammar, called pro-drop Parameter which is often used to indicate the syntactic difference in human language. According to that, Chomsky divides human language into two categories:pro-drop language and non pro-drop language. The former one allows the loss of the subject, stood for by Italian, Spanish, Chinese, etc. The latter consists of English, French, etc. whose subjects cannot be omitted. Through a comparative study, taking Chinese and English as the examples, this paper aims to disclose the differences between pro-drop language and non pro-drop language.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60475007 and 60675001the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No.02029the Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education for Century Spanning Talent.
文摘Document subjectivity analysis has become an important aspect of web text content mining. This problem is similar to traditional text categorization, thus many related classification techniques can be adapted here. However, there is one significant difference that more language or semantic information is required for better estimating the subjectivity of a document. Therefore, in this paper, our focuses are mainly on two aspects. One is how to extract useful and meaningful language features, and the other is how to construct appropriate language models efficiently for this special task. For the first issue, we conduct a Global-Filtering and Local-Weighting strategy to select and evaluate language features in a series of n-grams with different orders and within various distance-windows. For the second issue, we adopt Maximum Entropy （MaxEnt） modeling methods to construct our language model framework. Besides the classical MaxEnt models, we have also constructed two kinds of improved models with Gaussian and exponential priors respectively. Detailed experiments given in this paper show that with well selected and weighted language features, MaxEnt models with exponential priors are significantly more suitable for the text subjectivity analysis task.
