The mobile communication (radio, mobile, satellite telephony…) insert band filters which are required to comply with stringent pass-band characteristics concerning the selectivity, the group delay, the insertion loss...The mobile communication (radio, mobile, satellite telephony…) insert band filters which are required to comply with stringent pass-band characteristics concerning the selectivity, the group delay, the insertion losses and the mass and volume. The mass and volume of payload electronic equipment is a significant contributor to the overall cost of space systems. Within this framework, many improvements were made in the design of filters and multiplexers which represent a considerable portion of the overall satellite payload. The High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) planar technology permits to realize compact size filtering devices. Moreover, it could also provide a superior performance not attainable by any other technology. However, not controllable parameters in the manufacturing processes (indistinctness of the engraving, the not uniformity of substratum thickness) do not allow to obtain a precision on the echo’s frequency and to keep a high quality factor. So, it is necessary to use method to tune the center frequency of filters after the fabrication or to study new resonator topologies which present lower sensitivity to LAIO3 substrate thickness. This last point is the object of this article.展开更多
Wuthering Heights is a highly imaginative novel of love and revenge and a shining pearl in the treasure of English literature.This thesis aims to make a full exploration of the inner and external reasons resulting in ...Wuthering Heights is a highly imaginative novel of love and revenge and a shining pearl in the treasure of English literature.This thesis aims to make a full exploration of the inner and external reasons resulting in the tragic love between Catherine and Heathcliff in the novel with the application of Freud’s theory of personality structure and from metaphorically geographical,social and economic perspectives as well.Readers are expected to fully realize the destructive force of a desperate soul,better appreciate the tragic beauty of a doomed love and,above all,capture the humane light beneath a tragic drama.展开更多
A retrieval method of cloud top heights using polarizing remote sensing is proposed in this paper. Using the vector radiative transfer model in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system, the factors influencing the upwelling ...A retrieval method of cloud top heights using polarizing remote sensing is proposed in this paper. Using the vector radiative transfer model in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system, the factors influencing the upwelling linear polarizing radiance at top-of-atmosphere are analyzed, which show that the upwelling linear polarizing radiance varies remarkably with the cloud top height, but has negligible sensitivity with cloud albedo and aerosol scattering above the cloud layer. Based on this property, a cloud top height retrieval algorithm using polarizing remote sensing was developed. The algorithm has been applied to the polarizing remote sensing data of Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances-2 (POLDER-2). The retrieved cloud top height from POLDER-2 compares well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational product with a bias of 0.83 km and standard deviation of 1.56 km.展开更多
Emily Bronte's is an mysterious poet and novelist, her only powerful novel Wuthering Heights not only creates a harrowing tale of passion and tragedy with happy ending, but also shows a full picture of Victorian A...Emily Bronte's is an mysterious poet and novelist, her only powerful novel Wuthering Heights not only creates a harrowing tale of passion and tragedy with happy ending, but also shows a full picture of Victorian Age. In this romantic novel, Emily not only creates Gothic atmosphere, but also explores some major themes of love and passion, revenge, nature and culture, religion. They are violating Victorian values and tastes. Actually, Wuthering Heights is no more than an autobiography of Emily herself. Through it, Emily's gloomy psyche, mysterious life and Victorian social criticism are better expressed.展开更多
The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large ...The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem functions.However,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices.The TSI in the diameter at breast height(DBH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size distribution.The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat.We also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests.The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)being<0.0030.There were significant positive correlations between each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the GI.Nevertheless,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI.This means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies diversity.Thus,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices.This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.展开更多
Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface...Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface and passivate deep level defects in CZTSSe bulk concurrently for improving the performance of flexible device.The results show that In doping effectively inhibits the formation of secondary phase(Cu(S,Se)_(2))and VSndefects.Further studies demonstrate that the barrier height at the back interface is decreased and the deep level defects(Cu_(Sn)defects)in CZTSSe bulk are passivated.Moreover,the carrier concentration is increased and the V_(OC) deficit(V_(OC,def))is decreased significantly due to In doping.Finally,the flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 10.01%power conversion efficiency(PCE)has been obtained.The synergistic strategy of interface modification and bulk defects passivation through In incorporation provides a new thought for the fabrication of efficient flexible kesterite-based solar cells.展开更多
Simulation method is used to provide a guideline f or ultra thin body(UTB) MOSFET designs.Three important parameters of the UTB MOS FE T,i.e.the raised S/D height,Ge mole fraction of the Ge xSi 1-x gate,and the ...Simulation method is used to provide a guideline f or ultra thin body(UTB) MOSFET designs.Three important parameters of the UTB MOS FE T,i.e.the raised S/D height,Ge mole fraction of the Ge xSi 1-x gate,and the silic on body thickness,are comprehensively analyzed and optimized.The optimal region of feasible Ge mole fraction and the silicon body thickness for low operating po wer device are given.As the simulation results show that through changing Ge mole fraction coupl ed with the silicon body thickness tuning,UTB device with good performance can b e obtained.展开更多
文摘The mobile communication (radio, mobile, satellite telephony…) insert band filters which are required to comply with stringent pass-band characteristics concerning the selectivity, the group delay, the insertion losses and the mass and volume. The mass and volume of payload electronic equipment is a significant contributor to the overall cost of space systems. Within this framework, many improvements were made in the design of filters and multiplexers which represent a considerable portion of the overall satellite payload. The High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) planar technology permits to realize compact size filtering devices. Moreover, it could also provide a superior performance not attainable by any other technology. However, not controllable parameters in the manufacturing processes (indistinctness of the engraving, the not uniformity of substratum thickness) do not allow to obtain a precision on the echo’s frequency and to keep a high quality factor. So, it is necessary to use method to tune the center frequency of filters after the fabrication or to study new resonator topologies which present lower sensitivity to LAIO3 substrate thickness. This last point is the object of this article.
文摘Wuthering Heights is a highly imaginative novel of love and revenge and a shining pearl in the treasure of English literature.This thesis aims to make a full exploration of the inner and external reasons resulting in the tragic love between Catherine and Heathcliff in the novel with the application of Freud’s theory of personality structure and from metaphorically geographical,social and economic perspectives as well.Readers are expected to fully realize the destructive force of a desperate soul,better appreciate the tragic beauty of a doomed love and,above all,capture the humane light beneath a tragic drama.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2009CB421202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40706061)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant Nos. 2007AA12Z137 and 2008AA09Z104)
文摘A retrieval method of cloud top heights using polarizing remote sensing is proposed in this paper. Using the vector radiative transfer model in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system, the factors influencing the upwelling linear polarizing radiance at top-of-atmosphere are analyzed, which show that the upwelling linear polarizing radiance varies remarkably with the cloud top height, but has negligible sensitivity with cloud albedo and aerosol scattering above the cloud layer. Based on this property, a cloud top height retrieval algorithm using polarizing remote sensing was developed. The algorithm has been applied to the polarizing remote sensing data of Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances-2 (POLDER-2). The retrieved cloud top height from POLDER-2 compares well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational product with a bias of 0.83 km and standard deviation of 1.56 km.
文摘Emily Bronte's is an mysterious poet and novelist, her only powerful novel Wuthering Heights not only creates a harrowing tale of passion and tragedy with happy ending, but also shows a full picture of Victorian Age. In this romantic novel, Emily not only creates Gothic atmosphere, but also explores some major themes of love and passion, revenge, nature and culture, religion. They are violating Victorian values and tastes. Actually, Wuthering Heights is no more than an autobiography of Emily herself. Through it, Emily's gloomy psyche, mysterious life and Victorian social criticism are better expressed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101260).
文摘The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem functions.However,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices.The TSI in the diameter at breast height(DBH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size distribution.The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat.We also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests.The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)being<0.0030.There were significant positive correlations between each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the GI.Nevertheless,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI.This means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies diversity.Thus,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices.This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074037)the Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2020I0006)the Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ124)。
文摘Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface and passivate deep level defects in CZTSSe bulk concurrently for improving the performance of flexible device.The results show that In doping effectively inhibits the formation of secondary phase(Cu(S,Se)_(2))and VSndefects.Further studies demonstrate that the barrier height at the back interface is decreased and the deep level defects(Cu_(Sn)defects)in CZTSSe bulk are passivated.Moreover,the carrier concentration is increased and the V_(OC) deficit(V_(OC,def))is decreased significantly due to In doping.Finally,the flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 10.01%power conversion efficiency(PCE)has been obtained.The synergistic strategy of interface modification and bulk defects passivation through In incorporation provides a new thought for the fabrication of efficient flexible kesterite-based solar cells.
文摘Simulation method is used to provide a guideline f or ultra thin body(UTB) MOSFET designs.Three important parameters of the UTB MOS FE T,i.e.the raised S/D height,Ge mole fraction of the Ge xSi 1-x gate,and the silic on body thickness,are comprehensively analyzed and optimized.The optimal region of feasible Ge mole fraction and the silicon body thickness for low operating po wer device are given.As the simulation results show that through changing Ge mole fraction coupl ed with the silicon body thickness tuning,UTB device with good performance can b e obtained.
