Group-Based Successive Interference Cancellation for Multi-Antenna NOMA System with Error Propagation

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is viewed as a key technique to improve the spectrum efficiency and solve the issue of massive connectivity.However,for power domain NOMA,the required overall transmit power should be increased rapidly with the increasing number of users in order to ensure that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio reaches a predefined threshold.In addition,since the successive interference cancellation(SIC)is adopted,the error propagation would become more serious as the order of SIC increases.Aiming at minimizing the total transmit power and satisfying each user’s service requirement,this paper proposes a novel framework with group-based SIC for the deep integration between power domain NOMA and multi-antenna technology.Based on the proposed framework,a joint optimization of power control and equalizer design is investigated to minimize transmit power consumption for uplink multi-antenna NOMA system with error propagations.Based on the relationship between the equalizer and the transmit power coefficients,the original problem is transformed to a transmit power optimization problem,which is further addressed by a parallel iteration algorithm.It is shown by simulations that,in terms of the total power consumption,the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional OMA and the existing cluster-based NOMA schemes.

Successive Interference Cancellation and Alignment in K-User MIMO Interference Channels with Partial Unidirectional Strong Interference

Recently cellular networks have been densely and heterogeneously deployed indoors and outdoors to expand the network capacity,and thus the in-building propagation loss and the transmit power diversity of access points will exacerbate link heterogeneity and result in partial unidirectional strong interference.To make full use of the strong interference feature,we propose the successive interference cancellation and alignment(SICA)scheme in the K-user interference channel with partial unidirectional strong interference.SICA is designed to transmit two kinds of data streams simultaneously,the alignment streams and superposition streams.The alignment streams will follow the interference alignment criterion to maintain the optimal degrees of freedom(DoF)performance;the superposition streams are handled via successive interference cancellation at all the strongly interfered receivers to improve the overall achievable rate.The joint transceiver designs for SICA is modeled as a weighted sum rate(WSR)maximization problem,and then can be alternately solved for a local optimum according to the optimality equivalence between WSR and its corresponding weighted mean square error(WMMSE)problem.Simulation results have confirmed the sum rate improvement and DoF optimality of the proposed SICA scheme.

Throughput analysis of slotted ALOHA with cooperative transmission using successive interference cancellation

With a cross-layer design approach, a novel random access protocol is proposed in this paper, which is based on conventional slotted ALOHA （S-ALOHA） using successive interference cancellation （SIC） technique to separate collided packets and cooperative transmission to exploit the physical layer advantages. And a general theoretic analysis model is presented to obtain its throughput, which is also suitable for analyzing the performance of other protocols （such as S-ALOHA and S-ALOHA with cooperative transmission （C-ALOHA）） and is shown to be right and effective. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can improve the maximal throughput by 190% and 132% over a Rayleigh fading channel, respectively, as compared with S-ALOHA and C-ALOHA. And the results show that our protocol can provide an effective random access method with high throughput for wireless transmission.

Successive interference cancellation (SIC) in V-BLAST systems with asynchronous transmission mode

The V-BLAST system with asynchronous transmission mode first proposed by Shao can achieve full diversity only by using a simple linear detection scheme under zero forcing （ZF） criterion; therefore it gives a reasonable tradeoff between complexity and performance. In this paper, we propose two types of successive interference cancellation （SIC） detection schemes for the asynchronous V-BLAST system, one is characterized by applying Mr successive interference cancellators before a maximal ratio combiner （where Mr is the number of receive antennas）, and the other has a maximal ratio combiner before a successive interference cancellator. Since Type Ⅰ consumes more energy of the previously detected signals to recover a signal, Type Ⅱ can offer a better performance and simulations demonstrate its validity.

Efficient link scheduling with joint power control and successive interference cancellation in wireless networks

Existing works have addressed the interference mitigation by any two of the three approaches: link scheduling, power control, and successive interference cancellation(SIC). In this paper, we integrate the above approaches to further improve the spectral efficiency of the wireless networks and consider the max-min fairness to guarantee the transmission demand of the worst-case link. We formulate the link scheduling with joint power control and SIC(PCSIC) problem as a mixed-integer non-linear programming(MINLP), which has been proven to be NP-complete. Consequently, we propose an iterative algorithm to tackle the problem by decomposing it into a series of linear subproblems, and then the analysis shows that the algorithm has high complexity in the worst case. In order to reduce the computational complexity, we have further devised a two-stage algorithm with polynomial-time complexity. Numerical results show the performance improvements of our proposed algorithms in terms of the network throughput and power consumption compared with the link scheduling scheme only with SIC.

Lattice-Basis Reduction Precoding Based on Successive Interference Cancellation Design for Multiuser MIMO Downlink System

Two kinds of lattice-basis reduction precoding schemes based on successive interference cancellation are proposed.The successive interference cancellation(SIC) structure can be obtained by either orthogonal and a right triangular matrix(QR) decomposition,or the Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time(VBLAST) algorithm which provides optimal user ordering.Moreover,the extended channel approach is applied to the proposed SIC-based schemes.Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can achieve comparable BER performance to vector precoding(VP).

Modeling and Analysis of OFDMA-NOMA-RA Protocol Considering Imperfect SIC in Multi-User Uplink WLANs

To address the problems of network congestion and spectrum resources shortage in multi-user large-scale scenarios,this paper proposes a twice random access OFDMA-NOMA-RA protocol combining the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA).The idea of this protocol is that OFMDA is used to divide the entire frequency field into multiple orthogonal resource units(RUs),and NOMA is used on each RU to enable more users to access the channel and improve spectrum efficiency.Based on the protocol designed in this paper,in the case of imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC),the probability of successful competition subchannels and the outage probability are derived for two scenarios:Users occupy the subchannel individually and users share the subchannel.Moreover,when two users share the channel,the decoding order of the users and the corresponding probabilities are considered.Then,the system throughput is obtained.To achieve better outage performance in the system,the optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper,which enables the optimal power allocation strategy to be obtained.Numerical results show that the larger the imperfect SIC coefficient,the worse the outage performance of weak users.Compared with pure OFDMA and NOMA,OFDMA-NOMA-RA always maintains an advantage when the imperfect SIC coefficient is less than a specific value.

Low Complexity Multiuser Detection with Recursively Successive Zero-Forcing and SIC Based on Nullspace for Multiuser MIMO-OFDM System

To improve the spectrum efficiency, this paper considers the multiuser detection with the MU-MIMO technology for multiuser MIMO-OFDM system uplink with the same subcarrier shared by multiple users. A low complexity multiuser detection algorithm with recursively successive zero-forcing and successive interference cancellation(RSZF-SIC) based on nullspace is proposed. The RSZF process based on the block diagonalization(BD) technique eliminates the co-channel interference(CCI) by a recursive method based on the nullspace orthogonal theorem. The SIC process detects the user signals respectively with the reasonable user detection sequence based on the results of the RSZF process. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is effectively reduced by reducing the total number of singular value decomposition(SVD) operations and the dimension of the SVD matrix in the recursive procedure. The performance of the proposed algorithm is improved in terms of bit error rate and sum capacity of the system, especially in the highSNR regime.

Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted cognitive radio-inspired rate-splitting multiple access systems

Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)has been widely regarded as a promising technology for configuring wireless propagation environments.In this paper,we utilize IRS to assist transmission of a secondary user(SU)in a cognitive radio-inspired rate-splitting multiple access(CR-RSMA)system in which a primary user's(PU's)quality of service(QoS)requirements must be guaranteed.Without introducing intolerable interference to deteriorate the PU's outage performance,the SU conducts rate-splitting to transmit its signal to the base-station through the direct link and IRS reflecting channels.For the IRS-assisted CR-RSMA(IRS-CR-RSMA)scheme,we derive the optimal transmit power allocation,target rate allocation,and successive interference cancellation decoding order to enhance the outage performance of the SU.The closed-form expression for the SU's outage probability achieved by the IRS-CR-RSMA scheme is derived.Various simulation results are presented to clarify the enhanced outage performance achieved by the proposed IRS-CR-RSMA scheme over the CR-RSMA scheme.

An improved linear dispersion codes transmission scheme based on OSIC detection

Linear dispersion codes (LDCs) were originally designed based on maximum likelihood detection. They do not have good performance when using ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) detection. In this paper,we propose a new improved linear dispersion codes transmission scheme to combat performance loss of original LDCs when using OSIC detection. We introduce an interleaver to each data substream transmitted over different antennas after LDCs encoder. Furthermore,a new computer search criterion for a linear transformation matrix is also proposed. New search criterion is to minimize the symbol error rate based on OSIC detection. Computer simulations show that the performance of proposed LDCs transmission scheme is better than the original LDCs.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks

In this paper, we investigate the downlink performance of cell-free massive multi-input multi-output non-orthogonal multiple access(CF-m MIMO-NOMA) system with conjugate beamforming precoder and compare against the orthogonal multiple access(OMA) counterpart. A novel achievable closed-form spectral efficiency(SE) expression is derived, which characterizes the effects of the channel estimation error, pilot contamination, imperfect successive interference cancellation(SIC) operation, and power optimization technique. Then, motivated by the closedform result, a sum-SE maximization algorithm with the sequential convex approximation(SCA) is proposed, subject to each AP power constraint and SIC power constraint. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed sum-SE maximization algorithms have a fast converge rate, within about five iterations. In addition, compared with the full power control(FPC) scheme, our algorithms can significantly improve the achievable sum-SE. Moreover, NOMA outperforms OMA in many respects in the presence of the proposed algorithms.

A Survey of Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G Wireless Communication Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access （NOMA） has been recognized as a promising multiple access technique for the next generation cel-lular communication networks. In this paper, we first discuss a simple NOMA model with two users served by a single-carrier si-multaneously to illustrate its basic principles. Then, a more general model with multicarrier serving an arbitrary number of users on each subcarrier is also discussed. An overview of existing works on performance analysis, resource allocation, and multiple-in-put multiple-output NOMA are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the key features of NOMA and its potential re-search challenges.

Performance Analysis of Intelligent CR-NOMA Model for Industrial IoT Communications

Aiming for ultra-reliable low-latency wireless communications required in industrial internet of things(IIoT)applications,this paper studies a simple cognitive radio non-orthogonal multiple access(CR-NOMA)downlink system.This system consists of two secondary users(SUs)dynamically interfered by the primary user(PU),and its performance is characterized by the outage probability of the SU communications.This outage probability is calculated under two conditions where,a)the transmission of PU starts after the channel state information(CSI)is acquired,so the base station(BS)is oblivious of the interference,and b)when the BS is aware of the PU interference,and the NOMA transmission is adapted to the more comprehensive knowledge of the signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR).These results are verified by simulations,and their good agreement suggests our calculations can be used to reduce the complexity of future analysis.We find the outage probability is reduced when the SUs move further away from the primary transmitter or when the signal from PU is less powerful,and the BS always has better performance when it is aware of the interference.The findings thus emphasize the importance of monitoring the channel quality and realtime feedback to optimize the performance of CR-NOMA system.

Joint Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) & Walsh-Hadamard Transform: Enhancing the Receiver Performance

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.

BER Performance Analysis of Asynchronous NOMA with Arbitrary Phase Offset

An asynchronous transmission scenario for non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)user signals with arbitrary phase offset is investigated in this paper.To improve the system performance in the user power-balanced conditions,we adopt a synthetic detection method at the receiver,i.e.,the jointly optimal maximal likelihood detection aided triangular successive interference cancellation(JO ML-TSIC)method.Analytical bit error rate(BER)solutions are obtained for a two-user case with the optimal,intentional onehalf symbol period time delay implemented between the user signals.Furthermore,closed-form BER solutions for the case using the triangular successive interference cancellation(TSIC)detection method are also derived for comparisons.Numerical results show that the JO ML-TSIC receiver for the asynchronous system outperforms the TSIC receiver as well as the synchronous successive interference cancellation(SIC)receiver in all the conditions concerned.The results also show that the superiority of the JO ML-TSIC receiver is strengthened when the signals experience flat Rayleigh fading channels compared to the TSIC and the synchronous SIC receivers.

AN IMPROVED AND EFFICIENT DETECTION SCHEME FOR V-BLAST SYSTEMS WITH QAM MODULATION

The paper proposed an improved Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation(OSIC) detection scheme for V-BLAST systems with square/rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) modulation.It utilizes an equivalent real-valued vector expression of relationship between transmit signals and received signals,exploits the constellation's product-form structure and can eventually make the order,in which components of the transmit signals vector are extracted,more "optimal" in some sense.Thereby,it can offer an improved error probability as compared to the conventional OSIC detection scheme.In addition,the paper also proposes an efficient projection al-gorithm to calculate nulling vectors in a simple recursive fashion in order to avoid the vast increase of complexity,which is due to the fact that the original complex N -dimensional data vector and M×N channel matrix are transformed into a real 2N -dimensional data vector and a real 2M ×2N channel matrix respectively.A scrutinous complexity analysis shows that the complexity increases by only 33% as compared to the conventional scheme.

A criterion based adaptive RSIC scheme in underwater communication

Multi-access interference(MAI)is the main source limiting the capacity and quality of the multiple-input multipleoutput orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system which fulfills the demand of high-speed transmission rate and high quality of service for future underwater acoustic(UWA)communication.Therefore,multi-user detection(MUD)is needed at the receiver of the MIMO-OFDM system to suppress the effect of MAI.In this research,MUD is achieved by using a criterion based adaptive recursive successive interference cancellation(RSIC)scheme at the receiver of a MIMO-OFDM system whose transceiver model in underwater communication is implemented by using the Bellhop simulation system.The proposed scheme estimates and eliminates the MAI through user signal detection and subtraction from received signals at the receiver of the MIMO-OFDM system in underwater environment.The bit error rate(BER)performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed by using weight filtering and weight selection criteria.By Matlab simulation,it is shown that the BER performance of the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional matched filter(MF)detector,the adaptive successive interference cancellation(SIC)scheme,and the adaptive RSIC scheme in the UWA network.

M-IRSA:Multi-Packets Transmitted Irregular Repetition Slotted Aloha

The design of random media access control(MAC) protocol has been attracting great attention for satellite communication networks,where the propagation delay is long and the traffic load is varying.Advanced coded random access schemes tend to provide resource allocation strategies for massive uncoordinated devices,where multiple packet replicas from each user are transmitted in random slots of the frame and successive interference cancellation(SIC) iterations are tracked to recover collided packets at the receiver.It is assumed that each active user just has a single information packet to be transmitted.In this paper,an MAC layer random access scheme named Multi-Packets Transmitted Irregular Repetition Slotted Aloha(M-IRSA) is proposed.Different from the existing advanced random access schemes,the M-IRSA scheme supports various number of packet transmission per user by using pre-coding procedure.Joint decoding combined with SIC iterations and local decoding is analyzed.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient compared with the IRSA scheme without packet loss rate(PLR) loss.

Transmit correlation effect on SIC-ZF receiver for V-BLAST system

It has been shown that transmit correlation causes a signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） loss in the zero forcing （ZF） receiver for V-BLAST （Vertical Bell LAbs LAyered Space-Time） system. In this paper, we investigate the transmit correlation effect on the ZF receiver with successive interference cancellation （SIC）. We show that such an unfavorable condition leads to twofold effects on the performance degradation. In addition to the immediate SNR loss, the transmit correlation can increase the propagation factor to spread decision error significantly. These two effects are evaluated analytically. We derive the probability density function （pdf） of the effective SNR at each decoded stream, and hence accurately quantify the SNR loss. We also calculate the decision error propagation factor in terms of its second moment. In particular, we show that transmit correlation can cause a stable component of error propagation which does not decline during the SIC procedure. Finally, we conduct the simulation to verify the analytical results.

Concentric UCAs Based Low-Order OAM for High Capacity in Radio Vortex Wireless Communications

Due to the potential capacity-boosting for wireless communications,radio vortex wireless communication(RowComm)over orthogonal states/modes of orbital angular momentum(OAM)has been paid much attention to in recent years.A uniform circular array(UCA),as an efficient and convenient antenna structure,can transmit/receive multiple OAM beams with different OAM-modes simultaneously when the transmitter and receiver are aligned.However,for high-order OAMmodes,the OAM beams are divergent accompanied by severe attenuation.Thus,it is difficult to directly use high-order OAM-modes to achieve high capacity for RowComms.To obtain high capacity potentially offered by OAM-modes,in this paper we transform the singular UCA into the concentric UCAs,where high capacity can be achieved using multiple parallel low-order OAM-modes instead of all high-order OAM-modes,to increase the capacity of transmitter-receiver aligned Row-Comms.In particular,we study two cases:1).concentric UCAs based RowComms without co-mode interference;2).concentric UCAs based RowComms with co-mode interference.We propose a co-mode-interference-free and a co-mode-interference-contained mode-decomposition schemes to recover transmitted signals for these two cases,respectively.Additionally,we develop optimal power allocation schemes to maximize the capacity for these two cases.Numerical simulations are presented to validate and evaluate that our developed concentric UCAs based low-order RowComms can significantly increase the capacity as compared with that of singular UCA based RowComms.