Challenging situation of coronary artery anomaly associated with ischemia and/or risk of sudden death

Coronary artery anomaly is known as one of the causes of angina pectoris and sudden death and is an important clinical entity that cannot be overlooked.The incidence of coronary artery anomalies is as low as 1%-2%of the general population,even when the various types are combined.Coronary anomalies are practically challenging when the left and right coronary ostium are not found around their normal positions during coronary angiography with a catheter.If there is atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary artery with an anomaly and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is required,the suitability of the guiding catheter at the entrance and the adequate back up force of the guiding catheter are issues.The level of PCI risk itself should also be considered on a caseby-case basis.In this case,emission computed tomography in the R-1 subtype single coronary artery proved that ischemia occurred in an area where the coronary artery was not visible to the naked eye.Meticulous follow-up would be crucial,because sudden death may occur in single coronary arteries.To prevent atherosclerosis with full efforts is also important,as the authors indicated admirably.

Sudden death in the southern region of Saudi Arabia:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Sudden death is unanticipated,non-violent death taking place within the first 24 h after the onset of symptoms.It is a major public health problem worldwide.Moreover,the effects of living at moderate altitude on mortality are poorly understood.AIM To retrospectively report the frequency and the main causes of sudden deaths in relation to total deaths at Asir Central Hospital,2255 m above sea level,in the southern region of Saudi Arabia over a period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016.METHODS The medical records of 1821 deaths were examined and showed 353 cases(19.4%)of sudden death.RESULTS The highest incidence of sudden death was among the elderly(51%),whereas,the lowest was among children and adolescents(6.5%).With regard to gender,the incidence of sudden death was higher in males(54.4%)compared to 45.6% in females.In this study,we found that the most common direct causes of sudden death were cardiovascular diseases(29.2%),respiratory disease(22.7%),infectious disease(12.2%),cancer(9.4%)and hematological diseases(6.2%).With respect to seasonal variation,the highest incidence was during winter(31.32%)followed by summer(25.8%).CONCLUSION The results of this study will help emergency physicians and health care providers to exercise due care to reduce the incidence of sudden death and raise public awareness about the impact of sudden death.

The influences of dipole-dipole interaction and detuning on the sudden death of entanglement between two atoms in the Tavis-Cummings model

The influences of dipole-dipole interaction and detuning on the entanglement between two atoms with different initial tripartite entangled W-like states in the Tavis Cummings model have been investigated by means of Wootters＇ concurrence, respectively. The results show that the entanglement between the two atoms can be enhanced via appropriately tuning the strength of dipole-dipole interaction of two atoms or the detunings between atom and cavity, and the so-called sudden death effect can he weakened simultaneously.

Sudden death of entanglement of a quantum model

In this paper the so-called sudden death effect of entanglement is investigated in a quantum model. The results show that one can expect the resurrection of the original entanglement to occur in a periodic way following each sudden death event. The length of the time interval for the zero entanglement depends not only on the degree of entanglement of the initial state but also on the initial state.

Tripartite states Bell-nonlocality sudden death in a spin environment with multisite interaction

Tis paper demonstrates that multipartite Bell-inequality violations can be fully destroyed in a finite time in three- qubit states coupled to a general XY spin-chain with a three-site interaction environment. The Mermin Ardehali- Belinksii-Klyshko inequality is used to detect the degree of nonlocality, as measured by the extent of their violations. The effects of system-environment couplings, the size of degrees of freedom of the environment and the strength of the three-site interaction on the Bell-inequality violations are given. The results indicate that the Bell-inequality violations of the tripartite states will be completely destroyed by decoherence under certain conditions for the GHZ state. The decoherence-free subspaces of our model are identified and the entanglement of quantum states is also discussed.

Distillability sudden death in a two qutrit systems under a thermal reservoir

The dynamics of distillability entanglement between qutrit-qutrit systems interacting with a thermal reservoir is investigated in this paper. We discovered an interesting phenomenon that under a thermal reservoir certain initially prepared free=entangled states become bound-entangled states in a finite time, which is called distillability sudden death （DSD）. We use a realignment criterion to measure the nine-dimensional density matrix of the entanglement. Moreover, we analyze some other parameters to investigate the effects to the systems. Explanations are then given.

Sudden death of entanglement of two atoms interacting with thermal fields

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two initially entangled atoms each interacting with a thermal field. We show that the two entangled atoms become completely disentangled in a finite time and that the lost information cannot return to the atomic system when the mean photon number of the thermal field exceeds a critical value （3.3584）, even though the whole system is lossless. Then we study how the detuning between the atomic transition frequency and the field frequency and the disparity between two coupling rates would affect the evolution of the entanglement of the atomic system.

Entanglement sudden death induced by the Dzialoshinskii-Moriya interaction

In this paper, we study the entanglement dynamics of two-spin Heisenberg XYZ model with the Dzialoshinskii- Moriya （DM） interaction. The system is initially prepared in the Werner state. The effects of purity of the initial state and DM coupling parameter on the evolution of entanglement are investigated. The necessary and sufficient condition for the appearance of the entanglement sudden death （ESD） phenomenon has been deduced. The result shows that the ESD always occurs if the initial state is sufficiently impure for the given coupling parameter or the DM interaction is sufficiently strong for the given initial state. Moreover, the critical values of them are calculated.

Entanglement sudden death of two atoms interacting with a cavity via the two-photon process in a strong-driving-assisted system

We examine the entanglement dynamics between two strongly driven atoms off-resonantly coupled with a singlemode cavity via the two-photon process with the help of negativity in two different types of initial states. The results show that entanglement sudden death may occur under both the above conditions and the sudden death effect can be monitored by modulating the atom-cavity detunings. Furthermore, we also find an atomic decoherence-free subspace so that the initial entanglement between two atoms remains invariable in application.

Relation between initial conditions and entanglement sudden death for two-qubit extended Werner-like states

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of entanglement of an uncoupled two-qubit system, which interacts with inde- pendent identical amplitude damping environments and is initially prepared in the extended Werner-like （EWL） states, is investigated. The results show that whether entanglement sudden death （ESD） of an EWL state will occur or not depends on initial purity and concurrence. The boundaries between ESD states and ESD-free states for two kinds of EWL states are found to be different. Furthermore, some regions are shown where ESD states can be transformed into ESD-free states by local unitary operations.

Robustness of quantum discord to sudden death in nuclear magnetic resonance

We investigate the dynamics of the entanglement and quantum discord of two qubits in liquid state homonuclear nuclear magnetic resonance. Applying a phenomenological description for nuclear magnetic resonance under a relaxation process, and taking a group of typical parameters of nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that when a zero initial state experiences a relaxation process, its entanglement disappears completely after a sequence of so-called sudden deaths and revivals, while the quantum discord retains remarkable values after a sequence of oscillations. That is to say, the quantum discord is more robust than entanglement.

Control of entanglement sudden death by Kerr medium

The entanglement dynamics of system, where atoms A and B interact with single mode cavity fields a and b respectively, is studied. The interaction between atom A and cavity a may be described by using the typical Jaynes Cummings model, while that between the atom B and cavity b filled with a Kerr medium is of a two-photon process. For a certain initial atom entanglement state, there is an entanglement sudden death effect between the two atoms. The Kerr medium in the cavity b can effectively prevent the undesirable entanglement sudden death from occurring. Also, from the viewpoint of the population dynamics, we discuss why the Kerr medium can do so.

Sudden death and revival of entanglement of two qubits coupled collectively to a thermal reservoir

In this paper, we investigate the entanglement of two qubits coupled collectively to a common thermal environment and find that the the collective decay can lead to a revival of the entanglement that has already been destroyed. We also show that the ability of the system to revival entanglement relies on the mean photon number of the thermal environment and the degree of entanglement of the initial state.

Tripartite states Bell-nonlocality sudden death in a quantum-critical environment

We demonstrate that multipartite Bell-inequalities violations can be fully destroyed in finite time in three-qubit states under a quantum-critical environment, which is an Ising model in a transverse field. We use the Mermin- Ardehali-Belinksii-Klyshko （MABK） inequality to detect the degree of nonlocality as measured by the extent of their violations. The effects of system-environment couplings, the size of degrees of freedom of environment and the strength of transverse field on the Bell-inequality violations are given for two different initial states, namely, the W class and GHZ class states. The results indicute that the Bell-inequality violations of the tripartite states will be completely destroyed by the decoherence under certain conditions.

Sudden birth versus sudden death of entanglement for the extended Werner-like state in a dissipative environment

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behaviour of entanglement in terms of concurrence in a bipartite system subjected to an external magnetic field under the action of dissipative environments in the extended Werner-like initial state. The interesting phenomenon of entanglement sudden death as well as sudden birth appears during the evolution process. We analyse in detail the effect of the purity of the initial entangled state of two qubits via Heisenberg XY interaction on the apparition time of entanglement sudden death and entanglement sudden birth. Furthermore, the conditions on the conversion of entanglement sudden death and entanglement sudden birth can be generalized when the initial entangled state is not pure. In particular, a critical purity of the initial mixed entangled state exists, above which entanglement sudden birth vanishes while entanglement sudden death appears. It is also noticed that stable entanglement, which is independent of different initial states of the qubits （pure or mixed state）, occurs even in the presence of decoherence. These results arising from the combination of the extended Werner-like initial state and dissipative environments suggest an approach to control and enhance the entanglement even after purity induced sudden birth, death and revival.

Sudden Death as the Outcome of Cardiac Arrest,in a Portuguese Region:Where Do Resuscitation Manoeuvres Stand?

Cardiac Arrest (CA) is a major health problem, due to short and long-term sequel? and to associated mortality. Despite the improvement of out-of-hospital and in-hospital resuscitation manoeuvres, unexpected sudden fatal events occur. The authors reported the features of a series of sudden death (SD) cases where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed. Files of 1053 medico-legal autopsies, from victims aged ≥18 years-old, were reviewed. Cardiac Arrest leading to Sudden Death were found in 477 cases (45.3%), but only 199 (42%) of these had been submitted to resuscitation manoeuvres. There was an elderly male predominance. Both non-cardiac and cardiac CA/SD causes were present, despite the higher coronary artery disease incidence. Both out-of-hospital and in-hospital events took place. Age, severity of the disease, comorbidities and predominance of out-of-hospital CA were obstacles to successful CPR, leading to SD. Knowing the population characteristics may help to improve Emergency Assistance.

Neurocysticercosis causing sudden death:a case report

We report an acute case of a native man from Bolivia suffered from cephalalgia which rapidly worsened and ended in his sudden and unexpected death.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the brain was obtained.Features demonstrated on brain MRI scan were consistent with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis(NCC).An autopsy showed the presence of intraventricular Taenia solium(T.solium) cysts which caused blockage of cerebrospinal fluid and secondary hydrocephalus.Due to the increasing travel movements of people neurocysticercosis must be considered as a cause of unexplained sudden death.

Prediction of sudden death in elderly patients with heart failure

最，心失败(HF ) 联系了死亡由于突然的心脏的死亡(SCD ) 和变得更坏的 HF，特别地在减少的喷射的情况中部分。预言并且阻止 SCD 是一个重要目标，但是最工作不包括或有先进年龄的很少病人，和在有 HF 的老病人的 SCD 的预防仍然是争论的。处于 SCD 的年度率的最近的减小最近被描述了，但是如果这在先进年龄病人也是真的，它不是清楚的。尽管医生们经常有有 HF 的老病人主要死于泵失败的感觉，年龄与 SCD 被联系，低估 SCD 的重要性。被联系了到 SCD 的另外的临床的变量是症状，纽约心协会功能的类， ischemic 原因，和 comorbidities (长期的妨碍的肺的疾病，肾的机能障碍和糖尿病) 。应该也被考虑的一些测试结果被让喷射室部分和直径， natriuretic 肽，非支撑的室的心悸亢进和自治畸形。所有这些标记的联合可能是最好的选择预言 SCD。不同风险分数被描述了并且尽管为老人口没有特定的，当一个风险预言者和一些与吝啬的年龄在人口被开发，最包括年龄 > 65 年。最后，强调这些分数应该能预言 SCD 的任何类型作为是重要的尽管大多数由于 tachyarrhythmias， bradyarrhythmias 也起一个作用，特别地在情况中老。

Control of Sudden Death of Entanglement by Transient Effects

我们面对短暂效果调查在一个孤立的原子和一个 JaynesCummings 原子之间的纠纷的性质。这些效果由于其明确的时间依赖为案例被考虑的联合的原子地的调整线性扫。我们证明纠纷的突然的死亡能被短暂效果控制。这些效果能及时压制纠纷的突然的死亡。

Multi-phase post-mortem CT-angiography： a pathologic correlation study on cardiovascular sudden death

多相验尸， CT-angiography (MPMCTA ) 有大潜力增加质量验尸调查，特别在突然的死亡的区域；然而，它到病理工具箱的平淡的补充仍然作为它被询问的角色需要进一步被标准化。这研究的目的是在成年人并且特别地在突然的心血管的死亡在突然的 unexplained 死亡的情况下调查 MPMCTA 的贡献。成年人的 68 突然的意外死亡在我们在 2012 和 2013 之间的机构被调查。十个案例经历了 MPMCTA 和尸体并且在学习被包括。在由脉管的系统的完全的充满的 angiographic 步前，在身体的任何操作以前，非对比 CT 扫描被执行。图象重建在一个 CT 工作站(Vitrea ) 上被执行，与帖子 mortem 成像经验丰富的二个放射线学者解释了 MPMCTA 调查结果。在所有 10 个案例中，我们能说在联合之间的好关联验尸 CT 和 MPMCTA 和尸体过程，证实高诊断的敏感。当面对突然的死亡时，与这个案例系列，我们想要说明执行 MPMCTA 提供的优点，不管为急性冠的症候群或脉管的其它或 ischemic 疾病的特定的怀疑。