A pot experiment was conducted during winter growing season of 2014 at Homs Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Researches (GCSAR), Syria. A factorial experiment arranged according to comple...A pot experiment was conducted during winter growing season of 2014 at Homs Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Researches (GCSAR), Syria. A factorial experiment arranged according to complete randomized block design with six replications was used. A combination of four levels of saline irrigation water (tap water, 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 ppm), with three K levels (180, 360 and 540 ppm), was used to evaluate the effects of saline irrigation water and K enrichment on some growth attributes of two sugar beet varieties (Semper and Alligator). Results showed that all studied growth attributes, i.e., leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), total dry matter (TDM) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were decreased under salinity stress conditions compared to the control, while K enrichment significantly increased some of the studied characters such as LA, TDM and NAR, but the differences in LN were apparent according to increase in K levels. The variety Semper surpassed significantly the variety Alligator in LA, TDM and NAR. Results also indicated a significant interaction between salinity×potassium enrichment, varieties×potassium enrichment and salinity ? varieties.展开更多
The aim of the paper was to study the metabolite profile and morphological characteristics of sugar beet regenerants exposed to aluminium ions （Al^3＋）. The regenerants were selected basing on selective media with s...The aim of the paper was to study the metabolite profile and morphological characteristics of sugar beet regenerants exposed to aluminium ions （Al^3＋）. The regenerants were selected basing on selective media with sublethal acidity （pH 3.5）. The thrice-repeated passaging of sugar beet microclones of two genotypes in low pH medium causes certain alterations in the cellular metabolism. The paper demonstrated that peroxidase （POD） and isocitrate lyase （ICL） activity increased in both varieties. At the same time, NADH-dehydrogenase （NADH-DH） activity decreased in hybrid plants. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase （gl-6-ph-dh） activity increased in mail sterile （MS） hybrid plants, but reduced in Ramonskaya fertile （RF） hybrid plants. Adaptation to reduced pH was accompanied by alterations in the isozyme spectra of POD, 1- and 2-esterase, cytochrome c oxidase and malic enzyme （ME）. The adaptation process of sugar beet regenerants was also accompanied by an increase in protein synthesis. The level of metabolic response to stress very much depended on the initial genotype of the hybrid. In this experiment, aluminium resistant plants were growing rapidly in selective media. They developed leaves with healthy petioles and blades and had strong root systems.展开更多
The aim of the research was to connect two methods of the chemical control. The first chemical treatments were applied according to the signalling method. The second method was applied according to the phonological cr...The aim of the research was to connect two methods of the chemical control. The first chemical treatments were applied according to the signalling method. The second method was applied according to the phonological criterion i.e., on the basis of the values of effective temperatures sums or heat sums for cutworms. The studies on cutworms infesting sugar beet crops were carried out in the years 2005-2008. The observation performed during the moth flights from May to September included two species, turnip moth （Agrotis segetum Den. ＆ Schiff.） and heart-and-dart moth （A. exclamationis L.）. The dynamics of moth flights was recorded in reference to readings of climatic conditions registered with the field meteorological stations set up near the light traps. Observations on cutworm occurrence during the vegetation season were done every 5-7 days. Moreover, additional studies were conducted under control conditions in the growth chambers at three programmed temperatures （17°C, 20 °C, 24 °C） and relative humidity （50%-70%）. Based on the results the values for the heat sum of 501.1 °C and effective temperatures sum of 230.0 °C were determined for the developmental stages of cutworm. On the base of the results obtained it can be stated that the improved method of short-term forecasting can be an alternative solution in the integrated protection management against pest.展开更多
Sugar beet root maggot （SBRM, Tetanops myopaeformis von R6der） is a major but poorly understood insect pest of sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）. The molecular mecha- nisms underlying plant defense responses are well ...Sugar beet root maggot （SBRM, Tetanops myopaeformis von R6der） is a major but poorly understood insect pest of sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）. The molecular mecha- nisms underlying plant defense responses are well documented, however, little information is available about complementary mechanisms for insect adaptive responses to overcome host resistance. To date, no studies have been published on SBRM gene expression pro- filing. Suppressive subtractive hybridization （SSH） generated more than 300 SBRM ESTs differentially expressed in the interaction of the pest with a moderately resistant （F1016） and a susceptible （F1010） sugar beet line. Blast2GO v. 3.2 search indicated that over 40% of the differentially expressed genes had known functions, primarily driven by fruit fly D. melanogaster genes. Expression patterns of 18 selected EST clones were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis predicted a dominance of metabolic and catalytic genes involved in the interaction of SBRM with its host. SBRM genes function- ing during development, regulation, cellular process, signaling and under stress conditions were annotated. SBRM genes that were common or unique in response to resistant or susceptible interactions with the host were identified and their possible roles in insect responses to the host are discussed.展开更多
文摘A pot experiment was conducted during winter growing season of 2014 at Homs Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Researches (GCSAR), Syria. A factorial experiment arranged according to complete randomized block design with six replications was used. A combination of four levels of saline irrigation water (tap water, 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 ppm), with three K levels (180, 360 and 540 ppm), was used to evaluate the effects of saline irrigation water and K enrichment on some growth attributes of two sugar beet varieties (Semper and Alligator). Results showed that all studied growth attributes, i.e., leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), total dry matter (TDM) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were decreased under salinity stress conditions compared to the control, while K enrichment significantly increased some of the studied characters such as LA, TDM and NAR, but the differences in LN were apparent according to increase in K levels. The variety Semper surpassed significantly the variety Alligator in LA, TDM and NAR. Results also indicated a significant interaction between salinity×potassium enrichment, varieties×potassium enrichment and salinity ? varieties.
文摘The aim of the paper was to study the metabolite profile and morphological characteristics of sugar beet regenerants exposed to aluminium ions （Al^3＋）. The regenerants were selected basing on selective media with sublethal acidity （pH 3.5）. The thrice-repeated passaging of sugar beet microclones of two genotypes in low pH medium causes certain alterations in the cellular metabolism. The paper demonstrated that peroxidase （POD） and isocitrate lyase （ICL） activity increased in both varieties. At the same time, NADH-dehydrogenase （NADH-DH） activity decreased in hybrid plants. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase （gl-6-ph-dh） activity increased in mail sterile （MS） hybrid plants, but reduced in Ramonskaya fertile （RF） hybrid plants. Adaptation to reduced pH was accompanied by alterations in the isozyme spectra of POD, 1- and 2-esterase, cytochrome c oxidase and malic enzyme （ME）. The adaptation process of sugar beet regenerants was also accompanied by an increase in protein synthesis. The level of metabolic response to stress very much depended on the initial genotype of the hybrid. In this experiment, aluminium resistant plants were growing rapidly in selective media. They developed leaves with healthy petioles and blades and had strong root systems.
文摘The aim of the research was to connect two methods of the chemical control. The first chemical treatments were applied according to the signalling method. The second method was applied according to the phonological criterion i.e., on the basis of the values of effective temperatures sums or heat sums for cutworms. The studies on cutworms infesting sugar beet crops were carried out in the years 2005-2008. The observation performed during the moth flights from May to September included two species, turnip moth （Agrotis segetum Den. ＆ Schiff.） and heart-and-dart moth （A. exclamationis L.）. The dynamics of moth flights was recorded in reference to readings of climatic conditions registered with the field meteorological stations set up near the light traps. Observations on cutworm occurrence during the vegetation season were done every 5-7 days. Moreover, additional studies were conducted under control conditions in the growth chambers at three programmed temperatures （17°C, 20 °C, 24 °C） and relative humidity （50%-70%）. Based on the results the values for the heat sum of 501.1 °C and effective temperatures sum of 230.0 °C were determined for the developmental stages of cutworm. On the base of the results obtained it can be stated that the improved method of short-term forecasting can be an alternative solution in the integrated protection management against pest.
文摘Sugar beet root maggot （SBRM, Tetanops myopaeformis von R6der） is a major but poorly understood insect pest of sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）. The molecular mecha- nisms underlying plant defense responses are well documented, however, little information is available about complementary mechanisms for insect adaptive responses to overcome host resistance. To date, no studies have been published on SBRM gene expression pro- filing. Suppressive subtractive hybridization （SSH） generated more than 300 SBRM ESTs differentially expressed in the interaction of the pest with a moderately resistant （F1016） and a susceptible （F1010） sugar beet line. Blast2GO v. 3.2 search indicated that over 40% of the differentially expressed genes had known functions, primarily driven by fruit fly D. melanogaster genes. Expression patterns of 18 selected EST clones were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis predicted a dominance of metabolic and catalytic genes involved in the interaction of SBRM with its host. SBRM genes function- ing during development, regulation, cellular process, signaling and under stress conditions were annotated. SBRM genes that were common or unique in response to resistant or susceptible interactions with the host were identified and their possible roles in insect responses to the host are discussed.
