Influence of Cutting Stages and Sugarcane Varieties on Sucrose Content in a Brazilian Power Plant with Mechanized Harvesting

This study, carried out in a sugarcane mill located in the center-west region of Sao Paulo state, Brazil, aimed to evaluate the association of sucrose amount （POL%） with sugarcane varieties and cutting stages using mechanized harvesting. A two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）, complemented by multiple comparison tests, was used in order to identify the effects of variety types and cutting stages on the sugarcane POL% content. An interaction between the sugarcane variety and the cutting stage was observed; therefore, both two factors cannot be independently evaluated regarding POL%. In addition, it was found that the sucrose amount from the plant production in the evaluated period presented significant differences between the cutting stages only for one variety, namely CTC2, which was different from the others in most of the cutting stages. Considering the observed results, it can be concluded that analyzing sucrose amount statistically in the mill production can allow producers to posteriorly better monitor information on the sugarcane varieties harvested under mechanized processes.

Evaluation of Visible Losses and Damage to the Ratoon Cane in the Mechanized Harvesting of Sugarcane for Different Displacement Speeds

This study aimed at quantitatively evaluating the sugarcane losses and the damage caused to the ratoon cane while using the Case IH A8800 harvester in different displacement speeds;it was conducted in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three speeds were used as treatment (2 km&middoth-1, 3 km&middoth-1, and 4.5 km&middoth-1), and each treatment was composed of six rows of harvested ratoon, each with a length of 290 m. In order to evaluate the quantitative losses in t&middotha-1 and the percentage of losses, the remaining sugarcane, left on the field after harvesting, was collected. The sampling frame was set to every 50 m, dividing the borders by 40 m;the measurement for each sampling area was of 20 m2, with five repetitions. In order to evaluate the damage caused to the ratoon canes, we chose a visual methodology to classify the damage degrees, ranging from one to four. There was no significant difference in losses when comparing different speeds. Therefore, it is more advantageous and economically viable to use the speed of 4.5 km&middoth-1, which collects more in less time.

Agrometeorological and Soil Criteria for Defining Workable Days for Rational Mechanized Sugarcane Harvest in Southern Brazil

The number workable days (NWD) for agricultural field operations is of great importance for sizing agricultural machinery fleets. This is especially pivotal for sugarcane harvest, which extends from 8 to 10 months/year. In light of this, the current study aimed at defining criteria for obtaining the NWD for rational sugarcane harvest at different sites in the state of São Paulo, southern Brazil, taking into account both a general and a specific criteria. For this purpose, data from harvest interruption of 30 sugar mills in southern Brazil throughout periods ranging from two to five years were used. The following variables were tested as criteria for defining harvest interruption: minimum precipitation (PREC);soil water holding capacity (SWHC);and the limit of the ratio between actual soil moisture (SM) and SWHC. Based on such a specific criterion ascribed to each site along with a general criterion, NWD maps were prepared for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The results showed that there were variations from the definition criteria of NWD at the different sites in the state. However, the use of a general criterion for harvest interruption, based on PREC ≥ 3 mm, SWHC = 40 mm and SM/SWHC ≥ 90%, provided accurate results. During the validation of these criteria, the NWD maps generated from the individual criterion proposed for each site resulted in an average error of 24.9 days/year, whereas the map generated from the general criterion culminated in an average error of 4.4 days/year.

Mechanization technology:The key to sugarcane production in China

Sugarcane is an important cash crop in southern China now planted on about 1.5 million ha in the main production areas in Guangxi,Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan,Guangdong,and Hainan Provinces.Since the cost of labor in China is increasing rapidly and the price of local sugar is uncompetitive with the product from mechanized international producers,China needs to change its sugarcane production methods from manual work to mechanization in order to catch up with international trends in this global industry.Although a lot of effort in China have gone into sugarcane mechanization since the 1960s,the overall level of mechanization in sugarcane production is still only approximately 30%,which is about 20%lower than that achieved in the other main field crops.Almost all of the sugarcane grown in China is still harvested by hand.In order to summarize past experience and promote the mechanization of sugarcane production in China,this paper reviews the whole process of developing mechanization since 1960s and describes the current state of sugarcane mechanization in China.The research currently being undertaken and the main obstacles to be overcome in developing a mechanized sugarcane production system,are described.The design and testing of sugarcane harvesting machinery and its key components has been a significant research area by some Chinese universities,research institutes,and manufacturing companies in these past decades.This paper reviews that research and outlines the main achievements which have been made in this area.Mechanized harvesting systems for sugarcane,and the appropriate harvesting patterns suitable for different growing conditions applying in China,have also been studied.The paper concludes with some comments on the future directions for progress in China’s mechanization of sugarcane production and some policy suggestions to facilitate the industry's transition.

Analysis of the mechanical transfer characterization between lodged sugarcane and the cutter by simulation modeling with UMAT subroutine

Cutting the roots of sugarcane using cutters is a critical part of sugarcane harvesting,and the degree of breakage of the roots after cutting affects the germination and growth of sugarcane to a certain extent in the following year.However,the intricate interactions between the cutter and the stalk remain unclear.In order to fill this gap,this study first analyzed the conditions for no missed cuts during the operation of a double-disk cutter.Secondly,the research established a model of sugarcane stalk with anisotropy using the User-defined Material Mechanical Behavior(UMAT)subroutine based on the secondary development module of ABAQUS/Explicit.The cutting force curves obtained from simulation and test show a high correlation coefficient(R^(2)=0.9621),indicating the reliability of the model of sugarcane stalk in mechanical transfer.Subsequently,the simulation test of the blade rotating cutting characteristics in this study indicates that at a blade tilt angle of 11.3°,a blade rotating speed of 659.3 r/min,and a forward speed of 1.5 km/h,the maximum shear force on the blade is the largest,while the maximum cutting force is the smallest.Finally,based on the simulation results,this paper discussed the internal factors affecting the breakage rate of sugarcane stalks and predicted the damage location and damage force of the stalks by studying the stress wave transmission effect.Additionally,it analyzed the effects of single-knife cutting and multi-cutting on stalk incisions.The results indicated that multi-cutting causes more damage to the stalks and increases the breakage rate of sugarcane.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for exploring the reduction of sugarcane residual cutting rate.

甘蔗整秆立式收获集捆装置多刚体动力学仿真与试验

【目的】解决甘蔗整秆立式收获缺乏集捆装置,导致甘蔗收获机体型大、难于在复杂地形有序集捆问题。【方法】设计了一种用于直立甘蔗整秆立式收获的集捆装置;基于多刚体动力学分析,采用仿真试验和台架试验分别考察了甘蔗整秆在不同控制因素(下转指高度和转速)组合模式下的作业指标与性能(甘蔗质心高度、集捆成功率)。【结果】下转指高度和转速均显著影响甘蔗整秆的集捆成功率(P<0.05),台架试验与仿真试验的结果基本一致。在18个集捆模式中,下转指高度为400 mm、转速为30 r/min模式的集捆成功率100%,集捆过程中甘蔗整秆质心高度呈V型动态,作业安全性最高,推荐作为优选模式。【结论】研制的甘蔗整秆立式集捆装置空间结构紧凑、集捆成功率高,可适应广大丘陵山区复杂地形条件下的甘蔗高效收获;揭示的集捆过程机制对研制甘蔗整秆联合收获机械有广泛的参考价值。

以糖厂为主体的甘蔗机收推进模式

近年来,我国甘蔗种植面积逐年减少,切段式甘蔗联合收获机保有量大幅增加,机收率却多年低位徘徊。针对这一问题,本文从方法论视角阐明当前甘蔗产业生产关系与新质生产力之间的矛盾,是机收推进缓慢的主要原因。提出以提高甘蔗产业的竞争力和促进产业可持续发展为目标,调整甘蔗产业当前生产关系,将当前生产关系中的各方组成机收推进联合体,构建以糖厂为主体的机收推进模式。该模式以免费或低价机收为杠杆,糖厂组织、协调、管理甘蔗机械化生产,实现了糖厂有稳定优质蔗源、机收组织效益稳定、蔗农获得免费(或低价)砍收甘蔗,达到多方共赢,有利于稳定甘蔗种植面积和甘蔗产业可持续发展。以该模式为抓手,建立试点并推广应用,在当前条件下,有望打破目前机收推进缓慢僵局,实现甘蔗机收快速推进。

整杆式甘蔗收获机喂入量识别方法研究

甘蔗收获机输送系统堵塞是影响收获机工作效率的主要因素之一,而喂入量过大是导致收获机堵塞情况发生的主要原因。在甘蔗输送条件复杂情况下传统的接触式检测方法存在精度降低等问题,所以提出一种基于视觉识别检测喂入量的方法。为提高喂入量的计算精度,通过改进的SGBM算法建立三维数据模型,在优化过程中利用SIFT进行特征提取,提高算法在遮挡等复杂情况下对甘蔗的三维重建精度和鲁棒性,最后进行喂入量计算。试验结果表明,在喂入1~5根甘蔗时,改进后的算法平均体积误差分别减少3.26%、5.68%、6.32%、8.45%、7.81%,存在蔗叶遮挡时分别减少6.29%、4.24%、6.15%、12%、10.28%,该方法实现在输送样机上对甘蔗喂入量的准确识别。

丘陵履带式甘蔗收获机底盘调平机构设计与试验

针对履带式甘蔗收获机在横向斜坡的丘陵山地作业时容易侧翻问题,设计了一种适用于履带式甘蔗收获机的底盘调平机构。基于履带式甘蔗收获机中间有甘蔗输送通道的特点,提出了两侧设置调平机构的方案。开展了底盘调平机构关键部件参数设计和各调整油缸受力分析。根据相似性原理搭建缩小比例的试验平台,对试验平台进行了横向倾翻分析和横向姿态调整试验。理论计算和试验结果表明,横向调整后横向倾翻角比调整前横向倾翻角大,横向倾翻角得到提升,调平底盘可以有效改变整机质心,在一定程度上提升了整机横向稳定性。横向倾翻试验中,调整前横向倾翻角为24.31°,横向调整后横向倾翻角为27.52°,横向调整后横向倾翻角提高13.20%。横向姿态调整试验结果表明,横向调整角最大10°,调整时间为1 s,调整精度在0.5°以内,验证了机构横向姿态调整的可行性。在底盘调平机构初始状态,调整油缸所受负载最大值为871.61 N,换算成样机所需推力为55783.04 N。

偏移剪叉式油茶果收集装置设计与试验

为改进林果收获机收集装置的折展性能和环境适应性,该研究采用变比例剪叉机构,设计偏移剪叉式林果收集机械装置。首先,针对偏移剪叉式林果收集机构进行运动学分析,确定收集装置铰接点的运动轨迹和侧翼剪叉机构的完全展开倾角。以国内特有木本油料作物油茶为应用实例,通过测量油茶树冠幅大小及油茶果与收集布的静摩擦力系数,设计收集装置的机构尺寸参数,并利用MATLAB计算收集装置的理论运动曲线。创建偏移剪叉式林果收集装置ADAMS仿真模型,比较收集装置剪叉机构关键点位置和完全展开倾角的仿真与理论计算结果,验证偏移剪叉式林果收集装置设计方案的可行性与准确性。最后搭建偏移剪叉式林果收集装置1:3缩比模型,实现收集装置倒圆台型环形展收运动,侧翼剪叉机构完全展开时测得倾角约为25.67°,与理论设计倾角一致;缩比样机完全展开与收拢状态体积比约为59.7,可实现高折展比林果收集工作。

蓝莓挑振复合采摘技术装置设计与试验

为解决蓝莓机械化高质量采摘难题,提出一种兼顾回转运动的曲柄滑块机构复合运动挑振方法。通过构建挑振复合运动模型,获取挑振最佳作业参数,结合挑振关键部件胶棒的长度与挠度设计分析,运用MATLAB软件仿真出端点运动过程中满足脱果加速度变化曲线。利用跨行平台集成关键部件,以兔眼蓝莓为采收对象,开展验证试验。试验表明,当胶棒长325 mm、胶棒横截面直径10 mm、自转电机额定转速为40 r/min、往复振动电机额定转速为380 r/min时,成熟蓝莓的采净率可达87.11%,损伤率在6.54%以内,满足相关采收机械的采摘指标,对研究蓝莓高效低耗采收具有一定的指导意义。

枸杞机械化采收技术与装备研究进展

枸杞机械化采收技术与装备的研究是实现枸杞产业节本增效、转变发展方式的重要途径,对枸杞产业的快速发展有着重要的推进作用。在分析枸杞种植模式及生物特性的基础上,重点阐述目前国内枸杞机械化采收方式和采收装备研究进展,对枸杞不同的采收方式和采收装备的作业特点和性能参数进行对比分析,指出我国的枸杞采收机械化水平较低。针对枸杞机械化采收装备关键技术、采收方式、农机农艺融合等方面存在的问题,提出规范枸杞的标准种植模式、改进完善末端执行装置及加大枸杞采收装备关键技术的研究等对策建议,为枸杞高效低损的机械化、智能化采收技术与装备的进一步发展和研究提供参考。

荔枝采摘装置研究现状与发展趋势

随着农业科技的不断进步,农作物采摘装置的研究日益受到关注。荔枝作为一种热带水果,具有较脆嫩的果实和复杂的树冠结构,传统的人工采摘方式存在效率低和劳动强度大等问题。开发高效、智能的荔枝采摘装置对于提高采摘效率、减轻劳动负担具有重要意义。综述了荔枝采摘装置研究现状,并对发展趋势进行了展望。

玉米收获机械在丘陵地区的应用与优化

丘陵地区的复杂地形和土壤条件给机械收割带来了一定的挑战,如何优化机械收割技术成为了一个重要的问题。本研究以玉米收获机为研究对象,基于玉米收获机械的种类和特点,分析了丘陵地区玉米种植的特点和机械收割的难点,提出玉米收获机械在丘陵地区的应用策略,包括选择适宜的机型、加强维护和保养、加强人员培训和管理等策略,最后探讨玉米收获机械优化的发展方向和关键技术,研究结果旨在为丘陵地区农业机械化发展提供借鉴和参考。

广西地区甘蔗机械化收割现状及分析

人工成本是甘蔗产业的主要成本来源之一,而收获环节的人工成本又占了总人工成本的绝大部分。机械化作业可以大大提高甘蔗收获的效率,大幅降低人工成本,因此机械化收获率的高低往往决定了产业成本的高低。广西甘蔗种植面积占全国甘蔗种植总面积的60%以上,全国排名第一,遥遥领先于其余各省。可以说,广西甘蔗机械化收割水平在一定程度上代表了我国的甘蔗机械化收割的总体水平。然而2020/2021榨季,广西地区甘蔗机械化收获率却远低于其他主要的甘蔗种植国家,这使得我国蔗糖产业的竞争力远低于其他主要的蔗糖生产国家。文章从耕地资源、规模特征、气候条件、机械化收获技术、收获设备、产业链内部矛盾等多个角度对广西甘蔗机械化收获率低的原因进行了一定的分析,并针对性地提出了一些解决的方案与措施,以期为提高广西地区甘蔗机械化收割率、降低成本、增强蔗糖产业的国际竞争力提供参考。

广东糖料蔗机收技术推广方法研究

该文旨在通过分析广东糖料蔗产业机械化生产现状和产业竞争优劣势,提出推进甘蔗机械化收获的建议。从理清产业链中各生产关系的矛盾主体、抓住制约机收效率和效果的关键因素、优化糖料蔗产业机械化发展政策、研究糖料蔗机收技术生产模式、实施机收技术推广的步骤和成功案例分析等5个方面,提出广东开展糖料蔗机收技术推广工作的具体实施策略。

甘蔗收获机械排刷式剥叶元件虚拟试验分析

采用数值模拟正交试验方法 ,对影响整秆式甘蔗联合收割机剥叶元件寿命的结构参数及装夹方式进行分析研究。利用 ANSYS软件对几个主要因素进行虚拟正交试验分析 ,寻找在保证足够大打击力前提下剥叶元件所受应力最小时影响因素的最佳组合 ,为剥叶机构的设计提供可靠的依据。

机械化收获对甘蔗宿根发株的影响

为了解机械化收获对甘蔗宿根发株的影响,筛选适应机械化收获的甘蔗杂交组合,通过2年5组家系试验发现,在甘蔗机械化收获过程中,收割机和收集车碾压对宿根蔗发株造成了明显的不良影响,不仅宿根蔗发株减少,而且生长势变差,当碾压程度超过4级时,其不良表现尤为突出。通过相关、线性回归分析发现,组合、时间、碾压是影响机械化收获宿根蔗发株的重要因素,评价机械化收获对宿根蔗发株的影响不仅需要调查宿根蔗发株数,还需要调查新植蔗有效茎数、宿根蔗成活情况、碾压程度和长势等性状,更重要的是选用适宜的数据分析方法才能作出有效的评价。通过计算甘蔗杂交组合耐碾压值,并选取碾压等级、宿根发株和耐碾压值进行聚类分类,从363个试验组合中筛选出11个耐碾压值高、宿根发株多的适应甘蔗机械化收获的组合。

我国甘蔗机械化收获现状的研究

甘蔗收获环节是我国甘蔗产业发展的"瓶颈",对我国甘蔗机械化收获的现状进行研究,进而优化我国甘蔗产业的结构尤为重要。为此,概述了我国甘蔗机械化收获的技术,并对现阶段我国甘蔗机械化收获的应用情况进行分析,深入探讨了我国甘蔗机械化收获存在的问题。结果表明:我国甘蔗机械化收获主要以国外引进的8台CASE 7000切段式甘蔗联合收割机为主,其机械收割面积相对全国近180万hm2的植蔗面积来讲约等于0。因此,针对当前我国甘蔗机械化收获的实际情况,提出了相应的发展对策。

甘蔗切割器螺旋提升机构输送性能分析与改进

为改善甘蔗收割机物流系统的堵塞问题,以切割器螺旋提升机构为主要研究对象,通过仿真模拟分析与试验研究手段,探讨了摩擦系数等因素对甘蔗物流堵塞的影响,通过UG和ADAMS建立虚拟样机仿真模型,仿真结果表明,增大螺旋的摩擦系数可以提高甘蔗的输送速度,减少甘蔗平均滞留时间。高速摄影试验表明,螺旋选用摩擦系数大的轮胎胶作为覆盖层时、当切割器转速在750 r/min左右时,甘蔗的滞留时间较原钢筋螺旋缩短了17%左右,可以改进切割器物流系统堵塞问题。基于上述机理,设计了平面螺旋结构,其与甘蔗的接触方式由原来的点接触变为线接触,仿真分析表明,面宽为20 mm的螺旋与原圆柱型螺旋相比,甘蔗滞留时间缩短了32%,说明平面螺旋可以有效地抑制前端输送系统的堵塞现象;适当加宽螺旋提升机构的面宽有利于减少甘蔗滞留时间,单位时间内甘蔗输送更快、更稳定。该研究为后续试验研究及物理样机的改进设计提供了参考。