A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

The Evolution Characteristics of Spatial Layout of Ancient Chinese Capitals: A Case Study of Sui,Tang and Northern Song Dynasties With Important Changes in the Historical Development of Feudal Society

Imperial city and outer city are the most important differentiation of the spatial structure of ancient Chinese capitals.The relationship between city and Guo changed from the original spatial structure mode of "respecting the west" and "sitting in the west and facing the east" to the spatial structure mode of "sitting in the north and facing the south" and the three outer cities in the east,south and west surrounding the imperial city after the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and gradually changed from the original "multi palace" system to the "single palace" system.Finally,a "heavy city" capital spatial structure with the outer city around the imperial city and the imperial city around the palace city,and the central axis of the chessboard format was formed.During the Tang and Song Dynasties,it was a period of great change in the history of feudal society in China.Through the investigation of the evolution characteristics of the spatial form of capital cities in the Tang and Song Dynasties,the track of the transformation of social ideology,political system,economic structure and many other fields in the Tang and Song Dynasties was made clear.

Garden Features in Tang Dynasty and Urban Planning and Construction of Xi'an City

By taking gardens in Tang Dynasty which play an important historical role in Chinese garden development history as case study,garden features in Tang Dynasty had been described from the aspects of cultural,ecological and planning characteristics,so as to explore the development trace of Tang garden culture,based on which relevant problems in urban planning and construction of Xi'an were discussed;and some countermeasures and suggestions on cultural,ecological and planning construction in the preservation of this ancient city were put forward.

Medicine Referred in Poetries in Tang Dynasty In the Case of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi

Poetry is an important part of traditional culture, which reached the zenith in Tang dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are famous poets, and there are much about medicine in their works, such as disease, pathogeny, herbs and life cultivation. Some poets described their feelings about getting sick in their poetries, which showed their psychologic status, social conditions and helped us to learn the development of medicine.

Research on County Sheriff Post Reduction and Reset in the Tang Dynasty

Counties of the prim ary political zone have had distinction of hierarchy from the Q in and H an dynasties.T he criteria to distinguish hierarchy included size of population,differences of taxes num ber,com plexity of adm inistrative affairs and im portance of geographic location.All of these w ere to facilitate the adm inistrative m anagem ent. After the establishm ent of T ang dynasty,m any system s of Sui dynasty w ere inherited and the inheritance had its ow n advantages and disadvantages. As direct official of the herdsm en,the county sheriffs( X ian W ei) had a fixed num ber in the early T ang dynasty w hile the num-ber w as reduced because of dow nfall of states and counties during the period of Rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Sim ing in the reign of Suzong and D aizong.In the late T ang dynasty,as econom ic developm ent w as becom ing stable gradually,the central governm ent m ade appropriate adjustm ents to the system of county officials once again.

Frontier of Military Defense Buildings in the Western Regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties Based on CiteSpace

Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.

The Influence of Thesis Writing of Imperial Examinations on Prose in Tang and Song Dynasty

The imperial examination system not only has profound influence on prose development in Tang and Song Dynasty, but also has an important influence on the whole Tang and Song Dynasty and even the later literature and cultural development. In the feudal autocratic rule, any system implemented by the state will have an important influence on all aspects of the whole society~ especially it is related with the imperial examination system of education and talents. Once it becomes a ＂basic national policy＂ , the role in social development is incalculable. This paper takes the relationship between imperial examination system and Tang and Song prose development as the breakthrough point, analyzing the influence of thesis writing of imperial examination on the prose in Tang and Song Dynasty and ＂Eight great men in Tang and Song Dynasty＂ .

A Study of the Effects of Family Precepts,Rules and Ethics on Children’s Education During the Tang Dynasty

From the perspectives of the prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties,the rise and fall of the aristocrats and the prevalence of the imperial examination,this paper studies the impact of family precepts,rules,and ethics on children’s education.I believe that an important feature of family precepts in the Tang Dynasty was the development of the cultural tradition of poetry and literature study within the family,which promoted virtues like loyalty,filial piety,diligence,frugality and modesty and had a profound influence on future generations.The rise and fall of Tang Dynasty families was closely related to family precepts,rules,ethics,and learning.Famous and respectable families often regarded these traits as important means to maintain the family’s status,which objectively promoted the development of family scholarship and the importance of children’s education in the Tang Dynasty.The concept of learning as a“carry-on treasure”has become a common belief among scholars and has played a positive role in educating Chinese society,enriching our culture,and keeping society in order.

On the Creation Background and the Influence of Wei Zhuang’s Famous Poem:Lament of a Northwestern Woman

Lament of a Northwestern Woman(Qin Fu Yin),composed by Wei Zhuang after the Huangchao uprising,is a long poem that showcases the sufferings of the civilians and embodies the people’s character of the poem,which is the profound empathy and compassion of the poet towards the civilians’plight.The poem was written during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty in the year Gengmao(883 AD).2023 is also the year Gengmao,so this poem has existed for a remarkable 1140 years.For over a millennium,this long poem remained submerged in history until the opening of the Dunhuang Grottoes at the turn of the 20th century.The deep compassion and commiseration towards the underprivileged masses conveyed in this long poem are reminiscent of Du Fu’s renowned“Three Poems of Separation.”Moreover,it is widely believed that this poem foretells the decline of the Tang Dynasty.

Application of Garden Design Style in Tang Dynasty to the Design of Modern City Public Gardens: A Case Study of Tang Paradise

Public garden, as a type of Chinese classical garden, is an important historical heritage and cultural landscape of the current traditional city. However, under the background of modern urbanization, urban living environment is out of the traditional history and culture and facing such issue as cement jungle. In order to improve the living environment and make the city coordinate with the natural environment, the development of modern urban gardens needs inheritance and development of traditional garden practices. The planning and design methods with scientific guidance were studied in this paper through exploring the application of garden design style in Tang Dynasty in the design of modern city public gardens, so as to inherit the classical garden culture and create a city open space that meets the needs of contemporary citizens as well.

Inspiration and Genius: Characteristics of Li Bai’s Wine Poems

As important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain,Li Bai (courtesy name Taibai) has its poems widely recognized and studied by many scholars.Among his abundant and brilliant poetic works,wine poems stand out as an individual school?with peculiar characteristics.Acclaimed as Shi Xian (the immortal of poems) and Jiu Xian (the immortal of wine),and accompanied by poems and wine all his life,Li Bai is a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional Chinese poetic forms to new heights.His wine poems enjoy extraordinary status in Chinese poetry and wine literature,covering themes including his political ideal,fleeting melancholy due to unfulfilled ambitions,optimistic attitude towards life,sincere and profound friendship,courageous chivalry and dissatisfaction with social reality,all of which have strike a chord with the literati class.

Empress Influence on the Establishment and Rise in Popularity of the Virgin Mary and Kuan Yin

The feminine spiritual figures of compassion, the Catholic Christian Virgin Mother Mary, and the Chinese Buddhist, Kuan Yin, share a number of traits and attributes in spite of their cultural differences. They also share a common history in the development of their devotional worship through two empresses who identified themselves with their respective cultural icon thereby enhancing their political roles while endearing themselves to the common people through their promotion of the spiritual figures of compassion. This paper seeks to show the parallels between the rise in devotion to the Virgin Mary under the Byzantine Empress Pulcheria （399-453） and the corresponding rise in the interest in, and feminization of, Avalokiteshvara/Kuan Yin under the Tang Dynasty Empress Wu Zetian （625-705）. While there has been a substantial amount written about how ancient political leaders used selected deities as vehicles for asserting their power, there are only a few that have looked at these two unique Empresses and none that compares their influence in the popularization of devotional worship to Mary and Kuan Yin. This study attempts to begin to fill that gap.

The Silk Road:Boosting the Textile Industry in Tang Dynasty

At the height of the Tang Dynasty,trading on the Silk Road reached its peak,which brought opportunities for the development of the textile industry.The Silk Road broadened the domestic and foreign textiles market,influenced Han people’s aesthetic and consumption concepts,and promoted textile trading.The Silk Road expanded the categories of textile products and promoted trading and innovation.It facilitated the exchange of textile technology and formed a virtuous cycle of“export-development overseas-import”.The development of the textile industry relied on both traditional technology and foreign technology,which was reflected in the achievements in printing,dyeing,and brocade,and laid a superb technical foundation for the development of the textile industry later.

The Spread of Chinese-character Culture on the Silk Road During the Tang Dynasty

The spread of Chinese characters and Chinese classic works during the Tang Dynasty presented diversified discourses of acceptance and development in different periods and regions. This was due to the differences in commercial, economic, political, religious, and cultural environments proportional to the real environment's demand for Chinese characters and Chinese classical works. Chinese characters were introduced to Gaochang, Qiuci, Khotan, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam as early as the Han Dynasty, with different development paths in these regions. It is easy to form a long lasting culture spread by Chinese language and characters, as long as official languages are consistent with national or religious languages of the regions. It is difficult to form a long lasting culture spread by official languages and characters if the official languages and characters are inconsistent with either languages of daily life or religious languages. Once there is replacement of official languages and characters, or a change in religious belief, it would cause incompatibility between official languages and daily life languages, Chinese-character culture is bound to decline and gradually fade way. But if there are Han people, they will retain the use of Chinese characters.

Discussion on Color Features of Painting in the Tang Dynasty

In the Tang Dynasty, all economy, politics and culture had a profound influence on painting, and promoted its development, which formed a unique painting charm of Tang Dynasty. For the painting thoughts and aesthetic orientation, the foreign religious art has brought the fresh blood for the painting of the Central Plains of China, the open & diverse culture exchanging between foreign and China broadened people’s horizons, enriched the integration and collocation of color. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty's own social fashion made people purchase the luxury, comfortable life, while the noble & elegant and rich & colorful color style were shown in the painting. Therefore, the changes of painting thoughts and aesthetic orientation in Tang Dynasty enriched the painting color and developed the painting naturally.

Yan Shigu, linguist of the Tang Dynasty

Yan Shigu, a famous linguist, scribe and historian of the Tang Dynasty, is most famous as a linguist. Since he has no monograph on linguistics, his main thoughts lie in books like Han Shu Zhu. His achievements in linguistics make a big difference in the history of Chinese linguistics.