A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

The Evolution Characteristics of Spatial Layout of Ancient Chinese Capitals: A Case Study of Sui,Tang and Northern Song Dynasties With Important Changes in the Historical Development of Feudal Society

Imperial city and outer city are the most important differentiation of the spatial structure of ancient Chinese capitals.The relationship between city and Guo changed from the original spatial structure mode of "respecting the west" and "sitting in the west and facing the east" to the spatial structure mode of "sitting in the north and facing the south" and the three outer cities in the east,south and west surrounding the imperial city after the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and gradually changed from the original "multi palace" system to the "single palace" system.Finally,a "heavy city" capital spatial structure with the outer city around the imperial city and the imperial city around the palace city,and the central axis of the chessboard format was formed.During the Tang and Song Dynasties,it was a period of great change in the history of feudal society in China.Through the investigation of the evolution characteristics of the spatial form of capital cities in the Tang and Song Dynasties,the track of the transformation of social ideology,political system,economic structure and many other fields in the Tang and Song Dynasties was made clear.

Research Review of the Influences of Hu Feng on Sui and Tang Literature

This paper reviews the influence of Hu Feng on Sui and Tang Literature,which involves all aspects of social life. The influence enriches the creation of poetry and Ras a great impact on the Tang writers' spiritual qualities and artistic skills.

Frontier of Military Defense Buildings in the Western Regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties Based on CiteSpace

Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.

Research on County Sheriff Post Reduction and Reset in the Tang Dynasty

Counties of the prim ary political zone have had distinction of hierarchy from the Q in and H an dynasties.T he criteria to distinguish hierarchy included size of population,differences of taxes num ber,com plexity of adm inistrative affairs and im portance of geographic location.All of these w ere to facilitate the adm inistrative m anagem ent. After the establishm ent of T ang dynasty,m any system s of Sui dynasty w ere inherited and the inheritance had its ow n advantages and disadvantages. As direct official of the herdsm en,the county sheriffs( X ian W ei) had a fixed num ber in the early T ang dynasty w hile the num-ber w as reduced because of dow nfall of states and counties during the period of Rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Sim ing in the reign of Suzong and D aizong.In the late T ang dynasty,as econom ic developm ent w as becom ing stable gradually,the central governm ent m ade appropriate adjustm ents to the system of county officials once again.

A Study of the Effects of Family Precepts,Rules and Ethics on Children’s Education During the Tang Dynasty

From the perspectives of the prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties,the rise and fall of the aristocrats and the prevalence of the imperial examination,this paper studies the impact of family precepts,rules,and ethics on children’s education.I believe that an important feature of family precepts in the Tang Dynasty was the development of the cultural tradition of poetry and literature study within the family,which promoted virtues like loyalty,filial piety,diligence,frugality and modesty and had a profound influence on future generations.The rise and fall of Tang Dynasty families was closely related to family precepts,rules,ethics,and learning.Famous and respectable families often regarded these traits as important means to maintain the family’s status,which objectively promoted the development of family scholarship and the importance of children’s education in the Tang Dynasty.The concept of learning as a“carry-on treasure”has become a common belief among scholars and has played a positive role in educating Chinese society,enriching our culture,and keeping society in order.

On the Creation Background and the Influence of Wei Zhuang’s Famous Poem:Lament of a Northwestern Woman

Lament of a Northwestern Woman(Qin Fu Yin),composed by Wei Zhuang after the Huangchao uprising,is a long poem that showcases the sufferings of the civilians and embodies the people’s character of the poem,which is the profound empathy and compassion of the poet towards the civilians’plight.The poem was written during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty in the year Gengmao(883 AD).2023 is also the year Gengmao,so this poem has existed for a remarkable 1140 years.For over a millennium,this long poem remained submerged in history until the opening of the Dunhuang Grottoes at the turn of the 20th century.The deep compassion and commiseration towards the underprivileged masses conveyed in this long poem are reminiscent of Du Fu’s renowned“Three Poems of Separation.”Moreover,it is widely believed that this poem foretells the decline of the Tang Dynasty.

唐朝初期中原与吐蕃佛教交融依存语境解读

吐蕃与唐朝因中原佛教结缘,而双方的交融依存发端于唐朝重启了儒家孟子性善论仁道思想,摒弃了过去天赋神权论的儒家思想。儒学扬弃之后在唐朝初期强调“仁”道,唐朝因“仁”和合吐蕃,佛教的中国化也在唐朝初期有了新的面目:“提倡众生平等”。儒学的“仁”转化为佛学的“众生平等”理念,形成了吐蕃与中原的基本交往范式,即以佛教为抓手,而以借鉴唐朝的基本思想为内容的事实。这也说明佛教在唐朝真正开始中原化了,而佛教在吐蕃还远未开始吐蕃化,文成公主入藏意味着吐蕃与中原启动了交往交流交融的加速模式。

唐朝“大一统”的空间叙事——基于《新唐书·地理志》的研究

“大一统”是中国学术界的重要议题,但对唐朝“大一统”的讨论,现有研究主要是从思想阐释层面展开,从空间叙事角度表达唐朝“大一统”历史形态的研究不多。《新唐书·地理志》对唐朝疆域范围、交通道路、户数人口、政区沿革等方面的详细记载为我们解释唐朝“大一统”提供了空间维度的观察路径与文献基础。唐朝“郡县天下-羁縻府州-文化边疆”的空间结构不仅改变了秦汉以来的“大一统”空间叙事,而且在具体实践上,唐朝所形成的“大一统”是沟通中央与地方、维系中心与边疆、涵盖中国境内与域外世界的整体性叙事。正是基于“大一统”的空间叙事,使得中国疆域具有了超越具体朝代的稳定性,成为现代中国疆域叙事体系的重要内容之一。

音乐雅俗流变与中唐乐人诗的新开拓

中唐雅乐建制整体处于停滞状态,俗乐却因为君王喜好及朝廷鼓励与政策支持、宦官集团的高度重视及藩镇的着力追求而走向全面活跃,这种发展格局带来了中唐宴乐之风的全面兴盛。由于诗歌的创作与表演是中国古代社会宴会的传统内容,宴乐之风的全面兴盛对中唐诗歌发展产生了重要影响。受此风气的影响,作为中唐音乐诗重要类别的乐人诗有了新开拓:就内容而言,淡化了乐人的容貌描写,重视刻画他们的表演神态,并以容貌来反衬精湛的技术;注重乐人的技艺描写,详及表演的过程、曲目和歌辞等;全方面描绘乐人的生活,包括拜师学艺、受雇表演、日常生活和人生归宿等;深入乐人的精神世界,涉及其对音乐的热爱精通、丰富情思、文学才华及对友谊爱情的珍视等。就情思而言,不但表达对宴会主人或乐人雇主的感谢,而且涉及诗人的自我人生感怀、对社会弊端的批判以及对过往历史的反思等。全面考查音乐雅俗流变、宴乐之风及中唐乐人诗三者的关联,对于了解唐代诗歌发展历程的丰富及审美风尚的变迁等有重要的价值。

魏晋南北朝至隋唐时期亡佚字书研究综述

魏晋南北朝至隋唐时期的字书,大部分已亡佚,但其佚文材料十分宝贵,一些学者对此展开研究且成果丰厚。所指亡佚字书为有辑本的古佚字书(以龙璋《小学搜逸》为基础),对其研究成果进行搜集整理,从辑佚类与研究类两方面展开论述:辑佚类主要包括清人辑本、今人辑本和域外辑本三类;研究类主要以20世纪80年代以来的期刊、硕博论文为研究对象,将研究成果分为字书专书研究、古文献引字书研究以及字书对比研究三类。在此基础上分析当前亡佚字书研究现状的不足,并对今后的研究进行展望。

《唐韦绚墓志》发微

韦绚为唐代中期的著名文人,唐顺宗朝宰相韦执谊之子,文学家元稹之婿,其笔记小说《刘宾客嘉话》《戎幕闲谈》流传至今。因文献记载不足,故与其有关的研究存在诸多争议。韦绚墓志的发现,为研究其家世生平、交游仕宦、文学创作提供了第一手资料,也从一个侧面折射出当时宦官擅权、朋党相争、藩镇割据的政治面貌,对研究中晚唐历史具有重要意义。

后唐明宗朝北面行营与北部边防

北面行营的设置,是唐明宗措置军事的一项重要措施。在平定叛乱时,北面行营的主导力量是唐明宗亲信与元随以及中央的禁军。行营统帅的设置,体现了分权与制衡的原则。北面行营运行体现了唐明宗时期中央权力的发展,以及战时状态下唐明宗对于军事的掌控意愿。在战争结束后,北面行营成为后唐措置北边防御的重要机构。行营制衡的原则也运用在边防体系的构建之上,并与唐明宗的对外政策互为照映。在行营之内,唐明宗通过任命来自不同政治势力的行营统帅,派遣禁军出戍的方式,来实现行营权力的互相制衡。在后唐北部边防体系中,唐明宗设置北面行营署理河北边防,以期与负责河东边防的河东节度使实现军事上的互相制衡。但在北面行营的实际运行中,由于唐末帝时期中央激烈的政治变动以及契丹突然的军事介入,其军事上的平衡作用逐步丧失。北面行营反而成为赵德钧拥兵谋夺天下的资本。北面行营的运行反映了唐宋时期边防体制演进中对军事权力分割与制衡的趋势。

隋唐河东地方家族变迁略探——以襄垣浩喆家族为例

根据近年考古发现及石刻文献探讨北朝至隋唐潞州襄垣浩喆家族的兴衰变迁史,发现目前出土的五方浩喆家族墓志中书写的其先祖及本人官职真伪参半,其中一些较为显赫的官职多为其家族成员为炫耀家族政治地位而编造,他们实际上主要在潞州襄垣本地任职,以州、县僚佐为主,同时也有一些没有实职的版授官。这类官职虽然在中央官僚体系中微不足道,却为其家族在地方上积累了一定的政治资源,使他们成为襄垣地方较有势力的家族。然而其家族在文化方面的素养不高,在九品中正制取消之后,他们无法通过参加科举获得更高的政治地位,其势力范围只能局限于潞州襄垣本地,难有向上发展的机会,导致其家族历史随墓志记载至唐中宗时期戛然而止,在一定程度上说明其家族入唐以后在政治上并未取得突破性发展。虽然有证据表明唐宋时期潞州地区仍有不少浩氏聚居于此,但似乎再未有类似于浩喆家族的地方家族出现。以浩喆家族作为考察对象,从不同视角探讨隋唐废止乡长对地方家族及地方社会的影响,研究结论认为隋唐乡里制度的改变导致地方家族难以有上升空间,地方社会也因此在政治方面表现得更具限制性、封闭性,这是造成中晚唐藩镇割据局面出现的根源之一。

从“四部”到“四分”——佛教律抄在唐代的发展

《毗尼心》《四分律小抄》《略抄》《杂抄》等佛教律抄文本在唐代相继问世。这些文本较六朝时期的律抄有新的发展。首先,在思想上,从早期“会通诸律”的“四部律抄”发展为独尊《四分律》的“四分律抄”;其次,受佛教注疏传统的影响,律抄在文本形式上呈现“事数化”“条目化”的特点。唐代道宣《四分律删繁补阙行事钞》也是受六朝律抄深刻影响的作品。唐代的这些律抄文献反映了中古“律疏”与“律抄”两大传统的融合,向我们展示了印度佛教律仪向中国佛教戒律实践过渡的一个面向。

大唐气象、文化自信与时代表达:以《长安三万里》为例

大唐气象是根植于盛唐时期精神风貌的文化自信表达与美学意象。《长安三万里》是近年来以传统文化为题材的国产动画电影的优秀代表,它通过对大唐气象的浪漫主义表现,以李白、高适两位诗人的人生历程为双线条的叙事结构,再造了“长安”作为盛世理想的空间符号和“三万里”的宏阔历史时空,“以诗为史”重现气象恢宏的大唐史诗画卷,映射出当代中华民族伟大复兴的时代气象。《长安三万里》将大唐气象融入中华民族伟大复兴的时代叙事,对于新时代推动优秀传统文化创新表达有诸多启示:一是找准历史与当代的精神契合,二是实现技术与美学的融合创新,三是引发价值与情感的深层共鸣,通过中华文明历史叙事塑造新时代大国气象,建设中华民族现代文明。

异代同调:论沈亚之传奇的骚体文学特征

以《异梦录》《秦梦记》《湘中怨解》作品为代表,唐代沈亚之的传奇文集中表现出与屈原楚辞异代而同调的典型风格,即骚体文学特征。沈亚之吸收了“骚体”独特的兮字文体范式、抒情的浪漫自然、情志的悲怨凄美等特征,与时人作品异趣。沈亚之传奇的骚体文学特征表现在以悲为美的审美内涵、浪漫自由的艺术形式以及凄艳混融的艺术风格。沈亚之创作出的具有鲜明骚体文学特征的传奇故事,亦可称之为“楚调小说”。传奇独特的骚体文学特征,使得沈亚之作品在众多传奇中独树一帜,成为一代之奇。