Exploring the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide and semen quality parameters:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide(SO2)exposure and semen quality parameters.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the association between SO2 exposure and semen quality parameters.This search encompassed the timeframe from January 2000 to May 2023 and included electronic databases such as Web of Science,Google Scholar,PubMed,Cochrane,and Scopus.Pooled effect estimates with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated using percent changes(PC).The meta-analysis included seven studies with 6711 participants and 15087 semen samples.Results:The results revealed a significant negative association between ambient SO2 exposure and certain semen quality parameters.In particular,SO2 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in progressive motility(PC=0.032;95%CI:-0.063 to-0.001;P=0.044)and sperm concentration(PC=-0.020;95%CI:-0.036 to-0.005;P=0.012).However,no statistically significant associations were observed for total sperm count(PC=-0.038;95%CI:-0.079 to 0.003;P=0.070),seminal fluid volume(PC=-0.009;95%CI:-0.048 to-0.030;P=0.662)and sperm motility(PC=-0.17;95%CI:-0.363 to 0.022;P=0.830).In addition,the results of the subgroup analysis revealed specific variables that were associated with the decrease in relevant sperm parameters.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting a consistent negative association between exposure to ambient SO2 and semen quality parameters.

Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration Around Bulk Curing Barn Group

This study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of SO2 mass concentration around baking barn groups. A bulk curing barn group was selected as monitoring object, and SO2 concentration around it was monitored for 2 years. The results showed that the SO2 mass concentration within 30-130 m from the baking barn group exceeded the standard, and with the ground as reference, the SO2 mass concentration at the position 0.9-2.1 m from the ground exceeded the stan- dard. According to the limit value of the SO2 mass concentration for sensitive crops, the SO2 mass concentrations over the standard were concentrated within the range of 200-300 m. On the basis of establishment of ＂sulfur control＂, ＂sulfur reduction＂ and ＂sulfur avoiding＂ system, the SO2 emission status of baking barn groups could be improved from the conversion of heat supply method, the utilization of clean en- ergy and adjustment of crop sensitive period and sensitive area.

Control strategy for sulfur dioxide and acid rain pollution in China

Several factors, namely, coal dominated primary energy mix, extensive economic development mode, inefficient energy utilization, and the imperfect environmental regulations, result in the serious urban sulfur dioxide pollution and large scale sulfate type acid precipitation in China. In 1995, China′s sulfur dioxide emissions reached 23.70 Mt, and the areas affected by acid rain accounted for 40% of the territory. Chinese government accords considerable importance to the sulfur dioxide and acid rain contamination. New sets of environmental friendly policies have been promulgated. But enforcement of laws and regulations on SO 2 emissions need to be further improved and broadened, especially those respond to market conditions. This paper focuses particular attention on the analysis of strategy, policies, and national actions which had or should be taken against sulfur dioxide emissions nationwide to achieve the environmental targets, on the basis of which gives the technical options in future.

Absorption of sulfur dioxide using membrane and enhancement of desorption with ultrasound

The absorption of sulfur dioxide in simulated flue gas by using liquid-containing membrane was investigated.The process of sulfur dioxide desorption from the absorbent of citrate solution was explored.The influence of the gas-phase,and the liquid-phase on absorption efficiency of sulfur dioxide and the influence of ultrasonic frequency,ultrasonic power and stirring speed on desorption efficiency of sulfur dioxide were examined.The results indicate that the absorption efficiency decreases with increasing flow velocity and sulfur dioxide content in gas-phase,and can be improved by increasing the concentration and the pH value of citrate solution.It is concluded that lower ultrasonic frequency results in a better degassing efficiency.The using of ultrasound in desorbing sulfur dioxide from citrate solution improves the desorbing efficiency in the some conditions,without changing the essence of chemical reaction.

Atmospheric Corrosion of Steel A3 Deposited with Ammonium Sulfate and in the Presence of Sulfur Dioxide

A laboratory study of the atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel deposited with (NH4)2SO4 in the presence of SO2 is reported. The different levels of (NH4)2SO4 (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 μg·cm-2) were added on the surface of the samples before the exposure. The corrosion was investigated by a combination of gravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscopy. A detailed knowledge about the corrosion products was acquired, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that the metal loss increased and the increasing tendency of corrosion rates slowed down with the increasing exposure time. The phase constituents of the corrosion products are mainly α-FeO(OH), γ-FeO(OH), and δ-FeO(OH).

Photochemical reaction of magnesium tetraphenyl porphyrin with sulfur dioxide

The photochemical reaction of magnesium tetraphenyl porphyrin（MgTPP） with sulfur dioxide（SO_2） was investigated in dichloromethane（CH_2Cl_2） by steady-state fluorescence,UV-vis absorption,MS,and XRD spectroscopic techniques.These spectra showed that under irradiation MgTPP reacted with SO_2 to form 1：1 molecular adduct at first step.During the process of keeping irradiation and maintaining the flow of SO_2,SO_2 was reduced into S^（2-） by MgTPP and the results were detected using MS and XRD techniques.Understanding the photochemical reaction of MgTPP with SO_2 is of key interest in elucidating fundamental photochemical reaction mechanisms associated with this class of chlorophyll in the presence of SO_2.

Effects of metallic derivatives in adsorbent derived from sewage sludge on adsorption of sulfur dioxide

The sewage sludge was used to produce adsorbent by controlling the pyrolytic and chemical conditions. Using the adsorbent derived from sewage sludge to adsorb the low concentration SO2 in fixed bed system, the effects of the metallic derivatives on characteristics of the adsorbent were investigated at different compositions of the gaseous mixtures. The results show that when the mass fraction of vanadium reaches 0.5% and the mass fraction of （iron,） calcium, copper, nickel reach approximately 0.9%, under the condition that the adsorption mixture contains （0.12%SO2,） 3%O2 and 10% water vapor, the maximum adsorption capacity of SO2 can be obtained to be 128, 109, 90, 82, 78 mg·g-1, respectively. So the metallic derivatives fixed onto adsorbent derived from sewage sludge especially vanadium have great effects on of the sorption characteristics of the adsorbent with respect to SO2.

Ozonation of Sulfur Dioxide in Sulphuric Acid Solution

In this study, the oxidation rates of sulfur dioxide （SO2） in sulphuric acid solution by ozone and oxygen were compared, and the oxidation mechanism of ozone on SO2 was investigated. The results showed that the oxidation-reduction potential of the acidic solution was enhanced, the transformation rate of sulfuric acid to sulphuric acid was increased and the absorption driving force was improved in the presence of ozone. By comparing the amount of sulfate ions measured in the experiments and the theoretical amount of sulfate ions calculated from the amount of ozone consumed in the reaction, it can be confirmed that oxygen free radicals from dissociation of ozone are reactive as an efficient oxidant and oxygen from ozone generator participates in the reaction with SO2. 0.602 mol of effective oxygen was introduced into the reaction by one mole of ozone in 10.15 rain at sulphuric acid concentration of 3% （by mass）, SO2 concentration of 1.33% （by volume） and oxygen flow rate of 1.5 L.min^-1 from ozone generator.

Sulfur dioxide-hydrogen peroxide relationships and acidification of precipitation in Guiyang area-a case study

-The concentrations of gas phase SO2, O3 and chemical composition of sequential rainwater samples were measured on 6/11/88 to 6/28/88 at some sites of Guiyang area. S (IV) was present in great excess of H2O2 in rainwater samples collected at residential sites of the city corresponding to high level of gas phase SO2. Considerable H2O2 in rainwater samples was observed in background air at suburbs. The evidence that clean rainwater samples were collected at 20km away from the city in 6/18/88 precipitation event revealed that the major process of acidification of the rain in the high polluted areas was below-cloud scavenging of trace gases. From a simulation calculation it was found that the rate of oxidation of S(IV) by O3 and by Mn2+, Fe3+ catalytic in high pH rainwater is significant, but for low pH the major SO42- is produced by the reaction of S (IV) with H2O2.

Selection of Landscape Tree Species of Tolerant to Sulfur Dioxide Pollution in Subtropical China

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant, especially in developing countries. Many trees are seriously impaired by SO2, while other species can mitigate air pollution by absorbing this gas. Planting appropriate tree species near industrial complexes is critical for aesthetic value and pollution mitigation. In this study, six landscape tree species typical of a subtropical area were investigated for their tolerance of SO2: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl., Ilex rotunda Thunb., Lysidice rhodostegia Hance, Ceiba insignis (Kunth) P. E. Gibbs & Semir, Cassia surattensis Burm. f., and Michelia chapensis Dandy. We measured net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf sulfur content, relative water content, relative proline content, and other parameters under 1.31 mg·m-3 SO2 fumigation for eight days. The results revealed that the six species differed in their biochemical characteristics under SO2 stress. Based on these data, the most appropriate species for planting in SO2 polluted areas was I. rotunda, because it grew normally under SO2 stress and could absorb SO2.

Preparation and Application of Manganese Dioxide/Graphene Composite in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Graphene/manganese dioxide composites and grapheme/manganese dioxide/sulfur(G/MnO2/S) composite cathode were prepared by hydrothermal method and by vapor permeation, respectively. Their structure, morphology and specific surface area were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microanalysis and nitrogen adsorption analysis. The composites show morphology of nanosheets, high specific surface area and even distribution of sulfur. The sulfur accounts for 75% in the G/MnO2/S composite by thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical performance of G/S and G/MnO2/S cathode were investigated. The G/MnO2/S composite cathodes show excellent rate performance and cycle stability. At a 0.2C current density, initial discharge specific capacity is 1 061 m A·h·g^-1 and maintains 698 m A·h·g^-1 after 100 cycles;At a 1C current density, maximum discharge capacity reaches 816 m A·h·g^-1 and average capacity decreasing rate is only 0.073%/cycle after running over 400 cycles. Electrochemical mechanism of the composites cathodes was analyzed. The sulfur adsorption of Mn O2 inhibited the loss of active material sulfur, so, the electrochemical performance of the complex was improved.

Photocatalytic Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Heptane in the Gas-phase Over Titanium Dioxide

The photocatalytic reaction of sulfur dioxide with heptane was carried out with the aid of UV illuminated titanium dioxide ultrafine particles(UFP) at room temperature. The TiO 2 UFP was prepared by means of colloidal chemical method. The structure and the surface state of the as prepared TiO 2 UFP via different heat treatments were studied. As the calcining temperature decreased, the contents of hydroxyl on the surface increased, which could help to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 UFP. The mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction of sulfur dioxide with heptane was proposed, in which there was a competition of photocatalytic oxidation between sulfur dioxide and heptane over the TiO 2 UFP. It is inferred that the reactive oxygen species play an important role in the photocatalytic reaction of sulfur dioxide with heptane.

Effects of sulfur dioxide on growth， gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine seedlings

The effects of sulfur dioxide(SO_2) on the dry weight growth gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine(Pinus massoniana Lamb. )were investigated. The results obtained in this study show that the dry weight growth and net photosynthetic rate of masson pine seedlings are reduced by exposure to SO_2 at ≥100 ppb. From these results,one of the main causes in the dieback of masson pine forest reported in Chongqing,China may be relatively high concentrations of atmospheric SO_2 in the relevant area.

Effects of temperature and concentration of sulfuric acid on the electrodeposition of grainy electrolytic manganese dioxide

The effects of temperature and the concentration of sulfuric acid on the cell voltage, the anode current efficiency of electrodeposition and the particle size of grainy electrolytic manganese dioxide （EMD） were investigated. The structure, particle size and appearance of grainy EMD were determined by powder X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analysis and scanning electron micrograph measurements. As the concentration of sulfuric acid increases, both the cell voltage and the average anode current efficiency decrease. With the increase of electrolysis temperature in the range of 30-60℃, the cell voltage, average anode current efficiency and particle size decrease. The optimum temperature of 30℃ and concentration of sulfuric acid of 2.5 mol/L for electrodeposition of the grainy EMD were obtained. XRD patterns show that the grainy EMD electrodeposited under the optimum conditions consists of γ-MnO2 and has an orthorhombic lattice structure. According to the results of SEM, the grainy EMD has a spherical or sphere-like appearance and a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of about 7μm. The grainy EMD is a promising cathode of rechargeable alkaline batteries for high energy density and a prospective precursor for production of the LiMn2O4 cathode of lithium ion batteries.

Comparison of Sulfur Dioxide Residue in Chinese Me-dicinal Materials by Titration-fluorescence Spectrome-try and Pharmacopoeia Method

With sulphur-fumigated Chinese medicinal materials （Fritillaria thunbergii , Isatis #utigotica , Asparagus cochinchinensis and Poria cocos ） as the test materials, sulfur dioxide or sulfite residue was determined by the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 edition） and titration-fluorescence spectrometry, respec- tively. The results showed that there were significant differences in measured value between titration-fluorescence spectrometry and phmmacopoeia method. The t result of titration-fluorescence spectrometry was much closer to the actual content of sulfur dioxide in Chinese medicinal materials. Thus, titration-fluo- rescence spectrometry had higher application value

Correction to:Beneficiation of coal using supercritical water and carbon dioxide extraction:sulfur removal

In the original publication,there were few amendments to be made in Section 3.2 Extractive reactions involved.The updated version of the section is provided in this correction.The original article has been corrected.

Removal of Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide from Air Streams by Absorption in Urea Solution

The study focuses on the absorption rates of NO2, SO2 and a mixture of these two acid gases into urea solution in packed bed column. The absorption rate was studied as a function of absorbent temperature, urea concentration and acid gas concentration. The influence of liquid temperature between 10 - 40?C, urea concentration between 0.1 - 0.5 M and acid gas concentration NO2 between 100 - 1000 ppm (191 - 1910 mg/m3), SO2 between 500 - 2500 ppm (1310 - 6530 mg/m3) were investigated. The mass gas flow rate of 20.646 (kg/m2.min) at 25?C and the absorption rate were determined by measuring the NO2 and SO2 concentrations in the inlet and outlet streams of the absorptioncolumn. The absorption rate of SO2 increases with the decrease of temperature of absorbent (urea solution) and with the increase of the urea concentration. The presence of NO2 in the effluent gas stream lowers the absorption rate of SO2 in urea solution due to the fast reaction of NO2 with urea as compared with SO2. The absorption rate of NO2 decreases as the urea concentration exceeds 0.4 mol/l and for NO2 gas concentration of 100 ppm due to the decrease the diffusivity of the gas. The experimental data were analyzed using dimensionless analysis to find the correlation of mass transfer coefficient in the packed column Sh (H / dp)1.2 = 4.19*10–2 *(G' dp / μg)0.87 (μg / ρg DAB)0.60 The results confirmed the hypothesis that the absorption is accompanied with chemical reaction. Also it is found the increasing the temperature of absorbent solution the absorption rate of two gases is decreases. The mass transfer coefficient models are in good agreements with the Kramer’s equation.

Endothelium derived relaxation factors reduce sulfur dioxide-induced aortic relaxation

The endothelium plays a key role in the control of vascular patency and tone. Thus, the main objective of the study was to determine the role of endothelium and its derived relaxation factors in mediating relaxation of rat thoracic aorta, in response to sulfur dioxide (SO2) derivatives “1:3 M/M sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3)” using PowerLab tissue bath system. Endothelial denudation enhanced relaxation responses of SO2 derivatives with an IC50 of 6.11 mM as compared to control rings with an IC50 of 6.21 mM, as well as the maximum relaxation (Emax) was increased from 62.026% ± 6.527% to 83.13% ± 14.755%. Furthermore, the relaxation responses to SO2 derivatives in aortic rings were significantly enhanced by indomethacin, clotrimazole and methylene blue with IC50’s of 4.8 mM, 5.33 mM and 4.01 mM, and Emax were raised to 101.1% ± 6.537%, 66.92 ± 7.538 and 104.68 ± 3.575, respectively. Meanwhile, L-NAME did not alter dose-dependent relaxation of SO2 derivatives in comparison to control aortic rings. The results of this study had shown that endothelium denudation and blocking of endothelium derived-relaxation factors enhanced vasodilator effect of SO2;this may clarify the role of endothelium in the vasodilatory mechanism of SO2.

Kinetic Study of Sulfur Dioxide Elimination by Limestone through the Lab Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor

Characteristics of sulfur dioxide emission from coal and petroleum coke combustion were examined in a lab scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor. The rate constant of the first order rate expression for the absorption SO2 on the CaO surface was similar regardless of the origin of the limestone, the particle size and the initial SO2 concentration. However, the total SO2 absorption capacity was different depending on the origin of the limestone. The breakability of the particle which provides new surface for the reaction seems to play a major role in the absorption characteristics.