Oral antibody to interleukin-10(anti-IL-10)enhances the intestinal immune defense against Eimeria.The sulfur amino acids methionine and cysteine(MtC)play essential roles in inducing and maintaining protective immune r...Oral antibody to interleukin-10(anti-IL-10)enhances the intestinal immune defense against Eimeria.The sulfur amino acids methionine and cysteine(MtC)play essential roles in inducing and maintaining protective immune responses during intestinal infections.Hence,increased dietary MtC may support the anti-IL-10-induced intestinal immunity to Eimeria.Broilers(n=640)were arranged in a 2×2×2 factorial design with 2 levels of each of the 3 main factors:dietary standardized ileal digestible(SID)MtC levels(0.6%or 0.8%),dietary anti-IL-10 supplementation(with or without),and coccidiosis challenge(control or challenge).Briefly,the broilers were supplied with either 0.6%or 0.8%SID MtC,each with or without anti-IL-10(300 mg/kg),from d 10 to 21.On d 14,broilers from each diet were gavaged with either PBS or Eimeria.The resulting Eimeria infection induced fecal oocyst shedding and intestinal lesions.Broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC(main effects,P≤0.05)had decreased feed-to-gain ratio,increased duodenum and cecum luminal anti-Eimeria IgA titers,and decreased fecal oocyst counts,when compared to 0.6%SID MtC.The supplementation of anti-IL-10(main effects,P≤0.05)increased cecum luminal total IgA concentration and decreased cecum lesions.Interactions(P≤0.05)were detected for growth performance and cecum luminal IFN-γ.Briefly,the highest body weight gain and feed intake were reached in PBS-gavaged broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC with no anti-IL-10 and in Eimeria-challenged broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC with anti-IL-10.In Eimeria-infected broilers,anti-IL-10 increased intestinal luminal IFN-γ and body weight gain only at 0.8%SID MtC.Collectively,anti-IL-10 increased intestinal luminal IFN-γ levels,decreased cecum lesions and restored growth only when fed with adequate amounts of sulfur amino acids.Our findings underscore the importance of providing sufficient essential nutrients to support the anti-IL-10 induced immunity against coccidiosis.展开更多
The β subunit of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed storage protein is of great significance in sulfur-containing amino acid balance and soybean processing properties. The objective of this study was to elucidate ...The β subunit of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed storage protein is of great significance in sulfur-containing amino acid balance and soybean processing properties. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the β subunit and sulfur-containing amino acid composition, and the potential regulatory mechanism. The β subunit was independently accumulated in comparison with other major subunits (α/α′, acidic, basic, and A3) during seed filling, and a low level of β subunit content (BSC) was formed during the accumulation process. In low-BSC mature seeds, crude protein, oil content, and fatty acid composition were not changed, but sulfur-containing amino acids (Cys + Met) in the low- BSC seeds increased significantly (by 31.5%), suggesting that an internal regulatory mechanism within seed might be responsible for the rebalance of seed protein composition and that sulfur assimilation might be deeply involved in β subunit accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in anabolism of cysteine, methionine, and glutathione were up-regulated but those involved in the catabolism of these compounds were down-regulated, suggesting a relationship between the elevation of methionine and glutathione and low BSC. Our study sheds light on seed composition in low BSC lines and on the potential molecular regulatory mechanism of β subunit accumulation, broadening our understanding of soybean seed protein synthesis and its regulation.展开更多
After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds （VOSCs）： methanethiol （MESH）, dimethyl sulfide （DMS）, dime^yl disulfide （DMDS）, d...After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds （VOSCs）： methanethiol （MESH）, dimethyl sulfide （DMS）, dime^yl disulfide （DMDS）, dimethyl trisulfide （DMTS） and dimethyl tetrasulfide （DMTeS）. Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites （VOSCs, mainly DMDS） were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water＇s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine＋glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.展开更多
基金Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition&Healthy Feeding at the Northwest A&F University for their help in data analysis and manuscript preparation.This research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902175)Young Science and Technology Star Project of Shaanxi Province(2021KJXX-97)+1 种基金Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses at the Northwest A&F University(College of Animal Science and Z.Ren,J.Yan,R.Whelan et al.Animal Nutrition 10(2022)382e389388 Technology,DK202103)Evonik Operations GmbH(Hanau-Wolfgang,Germany).
文摘Oral antibody to interleukin-10(anti-IL-10)enhances the intestinal immune defense against Eimeria.The sulfur amino acids methionine and cysteine(MtC)play essential roles in inducing and maintaining protective immune responses during intestinal infections.Hence,increased dietary MtC may support the anti-IL-10-induced intestinal immunity to Eimeria.Broilers(n=640)were arranged in a 2×2×2 factorial design with 2 levels of each of the 3 main factors:dietary standardized ileal digestible(SID)MtC levels(0.6%or 0.8%),dietary anti-IL-10 supplementation(with or without),and coccidiosis challenge(control or challenge).Briefly,the broilers were supplied with either 0.6%or 0.8%SID MtC,each with or without anti-IL-10(300 mg/kg),from d 10 to 21.On d 14,broilers from each diet were gavaged with either PBS or Eimeria.The resulting Eimeria infection induced fecal oocyst shedding and intestinal lesions.Broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC(main effects,P≤0.05)had decreased feed-to-gain ratio,increased duodenum and cecum luminal anti-Eimeria IgA titers,and decreased fecal oocyst counts,when compared to 0.6%SID MtC.The supplementation of anti-IL-10(main effects,P≤0.05)increased cecum luminal total IgA concentration and decreased cecum lesions.Interactions(P≤0.05)were detected for growth performance and cecum luminal IFN-γ.Briefly,the highest body weight gain and feed intake were reached in PBS-gavaged broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC with no anti-IL-10 and in Eimeria-challenged broilers fed 0.8%SID MtC with anti-IL-10.In Eimeria-infected broilers,anti-IL-10 increased intestinal luminal IFN-γ and body weight gain only at 0.8%SID MtC.Collectively,anti-IL-10 increased intestinal luminal IFN-γ levels,decreased cecum lesions and restored growth only when fed with adequate amounts of sulfur amino acids.Our findings underscore the importance of providing sufficient essential nutrients to support the anti-IL-10 induced immunity against coccidiosis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100201-14)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401401)Youth Fund of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2017XQ04)
文摘The β subunit of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed storage protein is of great significance in sulfur-containing amino acid balance and soybean processing properties. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the β subunit and sulfur-containing amino acid composition, and the potential regulatory mechanism. The β subunit was independently accumulated in comparison with other major subunits (α/α′, acidic, basic, and A3) during seed filling, and a low level of β subunit content (BSC) was formed during the accumulation process. In low-BSC mature seeds, crude protein, oil content, and fatty acid composition were not changed, but sulfur-containing amino acids (Cys + Met) in the low- BSC seeds increased significantly (by 31.5%), suggesting that an internal regulatory mechanism within seed might be responsible for the rebalance of seed protein composition and that sulfur assimilation might be deeply involved in β subunit accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in anabolism of cysteine, methionine, and glutathione were up-regulated but those involved in the catabolism of these compounds were down-regulated, suggesting a relationship between the elevation of methionine and glutathione and low BSC. Our study sheds light on seed composition in low BSC lines and on the potential molecular regulatory mechanism of β subunit accumulation, broadening our understanding of soybean seed protein synthesis and its regulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50979102, 40730528,40901252, 20907057)
文摘After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds （VOSCs）： methanethiol （MESH）, dimethyl sulfide （DMS）, dime^yl disulfide （DMDS）, dimethyl trisulfide （DMTS） and dimethyl tetrasulfide （DMTeS）. Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites （VOSCs, mainly DMDS） were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water＇s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine＋glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.
