The Lanshantou Kyanite-bearing Eclogite with Coesite Inclusions in the Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt and Its PTt Path

Coesite inclusions are found in kyanite from the Lanshantou eclogite in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. This discovery extends the stable region of kyanite to over 2.4 GPa. As an important UHP metamorphic belt in China, the Sulu eclogite belt is the product of A-subduction induced by strong compression of the Yellow Sea terrane to the Jiaodong-northereastern Jiangsu terrane during the interaction of the Eurasian plate and Palaeo-Pacific plate in the Indosinian. It stretches about 350 km and contains over 1000 eclogite bodies. Most eclogites in this belt belong to Groups B and C in the classification of Coleman et al., and commonly contain kyanite, while the Lanshantou eclogite belongs to Group A and contains coesite. The MgO, CaO and FeO contents in garnet and pyroxene show regular variation from the core to the rim, which reveals the PTt paths of progressive metamorphism during the Early Mesozoic (240-200 Ma) and retrogressive metamorphism during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation.

Investigation of Curie Point Depth in Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt,Eastern China

The Curie point depth of continental crust can reflect the regional tectonic pattern and geothermal structures. Analysis of magnetism is an efficient way to obtain the Curie point depth on a regional scale. This study systematically investigated the Curie point depth of Sulu （苏鲁） ultrahigh pressure （UHP） metamorphic belt （33°40＇N to 36°20＇N and 118°E to 120°E, ca. 60 000 km^2）, eastern China using aeromagnetic data. The results show that the Curie point depth of the Sulu region varies from 18.5 to 27 km. The shallowest Curie point depth （ca. 18.5 km） is located in Subei （苏北） subsidence, where the estimated temperature gradient value is about 31.35℃/km, which is comparable with the measured value of 30 ℃/km. In addition, a two-dimensional numerical solution of the heat conduction was used to calculate the temperature field to a depth of 30 km along the profile from Tancheng （郯城） to Lianshui （涟水） with a length of 139 km. The steady state model solved using the finite element method shows that the temperature around the Curie point depth is about 585.36 ℃, which is close to the Curie temperature （580℃） of magnetite at atmospheric pressure. These results provide new insights into the tectonic and continuous thermal structures of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt.

Lithospheric seismic fabrics of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt

Calibration of seismic reflectors appearing in the crust of the Chinese continent sci- entific drilling site can be completed through the correlation studies between direct evidences, such as the drill cores, and geophysical signatures; therefore the interpretation of geophysical data could produce reliable results of crustal structure and composition. On the other hand, there are two Cenozoic volcanoes close to the scientific drilling site; analyzing composition of xenoliths existent in the volcanoes and evaluating their seismic velocities can also offer information about the mantle and lower crust. After the calibration via cores and well-logging data, the seismic re- flectors appearing in the UHP belt can be caused by lithological changes within the UHP rock slice, ductile shearing rock-suites, and later fracture zones. Among these sources, ductile shearing resulted in displacement and detachment of original rock-sheets, producing some rock-interbeds of several hundred meters thick that are named the ductile shearing rock-suites. A suite consists of mylonized gneiss and eclogite slices that underwent shearing, becoming the major mechanism responsible to generate regional strong reflections. The UHP rock-slice is characterized by complicated structures and high density, high seismic velocity and high electri- cal resistivity, its thickness is usually less than 11 km. Velocity and density of the gneiss-layer beneath gradually tend to normal with increasing depth. Based on the xenoliths we can infer that the middle crust contains a lot of gneisses, and the lower crust consists of different granulites. The lithospheric mantle has multi-layer structures and consists mainly of spinal lherzolite and harzburgite, implying late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning. The seismic fabrics with different ori- gins were possible products of different geodynamic processes. For instance, the UHP rock-slice was produced by the UHP metamorphic process and the exhumation of subducted supercrustal rocks after the Triassic collision between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons; whilst the ductile shearing rock-suites resulted from shearing deformation processes during the subduction and exhumation. The normal velocity below the UHP rock-slice was correlated with Mesozoic exten- sion processes in the area. Through careful calibration of seismic reflectors and analyzing xeno- liths, one can find the relationship between the causes of seismic reflectors and corresponding geodynamic processes, offering a new basis for reconstruction of regional dynamic evolution history.

Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Anomalies of the Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure(UHP) Metamorphic Belt,Eastern China

The Sulu ultra-high pressure(UHP)metamorphic belt in Eastern China is well known as the eastern extension of the Qingling-Dabie orogenic belt formed by subduction and collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.The main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling(CCSD)project is located at the southern segment of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt(34°25′N/118°40′E),about 17 km southwest of Donghai County.Integrated geophysical investigations using gravity,magnetic,deep

Retrogressive Microstructures: A Key to Post-Collisional Uplift and Extension Tectonics of Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks from Dabie Orogenic Belt, China

A wealth of retrogressive microstructures have been discovered from the UHP metamorphic rocks in Dabie orogenic belt, namely, the ultrahigh-pressure (URP) eclogites, jadeite quartzites and kyanite-zoisite-quartz vein. The most important are pseudomorphic replacements of UHP minerals like coesite, the corona reaction textures iuduced by solid-solid reactions as well as the corona and symplectites induced by reactions involving fluid. According to the textural relationships the sequence of mineral Paragenesis and the metamorphic stages in the UHP eclogites can be delineated; the mineral geobarothermometry of the various stages of retrograde metamorphism is studied and a clockwise, nearly isothermal decompressive metamorphic PT-trajectory for the UHP eclogites can be reconstructed. In terms of the PT-trajectory the two stage post collision uplirt and exhumation processes are reflected. When the UHP metumorphic rocks extruded to the lower-middle crust partial melting happened which bad in turn caused tke crustal extension and the further exhumation or the UHP metomorphic rocks. Based on the field strain analysis combined with geochronological data a scenario or post collision uplift aud exhumation model is presented.

Post-Collisional Ductile Extensional Tectonic Framework in the UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts in the Dabie-Sulu Region, China

The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 170 Ma, following the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. The framework that controls the present spatial distribution of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in particular displays the typical features of a Cordilleran-type metamorphic core complex, in which at least four regional-scale, shallow-dipping detachment zones are recognized. Each of these detachment zones corresponds to a pressure gap of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. The detachment zones separate the rocks exposed in the region into several petrotectonic units with different P-T conditions. The geometry and kinematics of both the detachment zones and the petrotectonic units show that the exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region was achieved, at least in part, by non-coaxial ductile flow in the multi-layered detachment zones, and by coaxial vertical shortening and horizontal stretching in the metamorphic units, under amphibolite- to greenschist-facies conditions, and in an extensional regime. All ductile extensional deformations occurred at depths below 10 to 15 km, i.e. below the brittle/ductile deformation transition.

Petrology of the Non-mafic UHP Metamorphic Rocks from a Drillhole in the Southern Sulu Orogenic Belt,Eastern-Central China

The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseud

Structural Evidence for the in-situ Origin of the HP and UHP Eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu Orogenic Belt

Whether the HP and UHP metamorphic rocks of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt are of an "in-situ" or "foreign" origin is a long-standing dispute among geologists. Eclogites preserved today in the HP and UHP units constitute merely 5-10%, which are not isolated exotic bodies tectonically intruding into amphibolite facies gneiss, but remnants of once pervasive or widespread eclogite-facies terranes or slabs. The present spatial distribution and forms of the eclogites have resulted from polyphase and progressive deformation and strain partitioning of the HP and UHP slabs. From their formation in deep mantle to their exhumation to the surface, the eclogites have experienced long-term deformation with different strain regimes. The dominant regime responsible for the present spatial distribution and forms of the eclogites is the shear process. The deformation patterns of the eclogites and gneiss matrix also clearly show that the eclogites were metamorphosed in situ. The original distribution area of the eclogites

Metamorphic solid salt (KCl-NaCl) in quartzo-feldspathic polyphase inclusions in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure eclogite

Unusual polyphase inclusions of K-feldspar+quartz+titanite+solid salt and K-feldspar+albite+quartz+epidote with textures similar to the other K-feldspar+quartz inclusions were found in omphacite grains from the Sulu ultrahigh pressure (UHP) eclogites. One of these inclusions contain square to round solid salt inclusions of KCl-NaCl composition. Such a mineral assemblage within K-feldspar-bearing inclusions hosted by UHP metamorphic phases suggests that (1) potassium granitic melts enriched in Cl components were presented during UHP metamorphism or at the early stage of rapid exhumation of deeply subducted continental slab; (2) they were resulted from reactions between the incoming granitic melts and quartz (or coesite); and (3) solid salt inclusions of NaCl-KCl were derived from dehydration and desiccation of Cl-bearing melts. Our new observations further demonstrate that during the tectonic evolution of UHP rocks, fertile components within deeply subducted continental materials could undergo partial melting, leading to the formation of Cl-bearing potassium granitic melts and substantial migration of fluid-conservative elements (e.g. Ti, Hf) within the UHP slab.

The Wulian Metamorphic Core Complex: A Newly Discovered Metamorphic Core Complex along the Sulu Orogenic Belt, Eastern China

Combined with field studies, microscopic observations, and EBSD fabric analysis, we defined a possible Early Cretaceous metamorphic core complex （MCC） in the Wulian area along the Sulu orogenic belt in eastern China. The MCC is of typical Cordilleran type with five elements： （1） a master detachment fault and sheared rocks beneath it, a lower plate of crystalline rockswith （2） middle crust metamorphic rocks, （3） syn-kinematic plutons, （4） an upper plate of weakly deformed Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, and （5） Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary rocks in the supradetachment basin. Some postkinematic incursions cut across the master detachment fault zone and two plates. In the upper plate, Zhucheng （诸城） Basin basement consists of the Proterozoic Fenzishan （粉子山） Group, Jinning period granite （762–834 Ma）. The s u pr a de tac hme nt ba sin a bo ve the Proterozoic rocks is filled with the Early Cretaceous Laiyang （莱阳） （~135–125 Ma） and Qingshan （青山） groups （120–105 Ma）, as wellas the Late Cretaceous Wangshi （王氏） Group （85–65 Ma）. The detachment fault zone is developed at the base and margin of the superposed basin. Pseudotachylite and micro breccia layers located at the top of the detachment fault. Stretching lineation and foliation are well developed in the ductile shear belt in the detachment faults. The stretching lineation indicates a transport direction of nearly east to west on the whole, while the foliations trend WNW, WSW, and SE. Protomylonite, mylonite, and ultramylonite are universally developed in the faults, transitioning to mylonitic gneiss, and finally to gneiss downward. Microstructure and quartz preferred orientation show that the mylonites formed at high greenschist facies to low greenschist facies as a whole. The footwall metamorphic rock series of the Wulian MCC are chiefly UHP （ultrahigh pressure） metamorphic rocks. Syntectonic rocks developed simultaneously with the Wulian MCC detachment and extension. Geological research has demonstrated that the MCC is associated with small-scale intrusive rocks developing in the vicinity of the detachment faults, for instance, dike. Geochronology results indicate that the denudation of the Wulian MCC occurred at about 135–122 Ma. Its development and exhumation was irrelevant to the Sulu UHP metamorphism zone rapid exhumation during Triassic Period but resulted from the crustal extension of North China Craton and adjacent area.

Two Fresh Types of Eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu UHP Metamorphic Belt,China:Implications for the Deep Subduction and Earliest Stages of Exhumation of the Continental Crust

Two fresh types of eclogites, namely the massive eclogite and foliated eclogite, are dis- cernible in large eclogite bodies surrounded by country rock gneisses from the Dabie Sulu UHP metamorphic zone. They are different in mineral assemblage, texture and structure at various scales. The massive eclogite has a massive appearance with a metamorphic inequigranular and grano- blastic texture, which consists mainly of nominally anhydrous minerals such as garnet, omphacite, rutile with inclusions of coesite and rare microdiamond. Massive eclogites which formed at the peak UHP metamorphic conditions （~3.1-4.0 GPa, 800~50 ） within the coesite to diamond stability field recorded the deep continental subduction to mantle depths greater than 100 km during the Triassic （-250-230 Ma）. The diagnostic UHP minerals, mineral assemblages and absence of notable macro- scopic deformation indicate the peak metamorphic ＇forbidden-zone＇ P-T conditions, an extremely low geothermal gradient （〈7 ＂C＇kma） and low differential stress. The foliated eclogite is composed of garnet＋omphacite＋rutile＋phengite＋kyanite＋zoisite＋talc＋nybtite^coesite/quartz pseudomorphs after coesite. It is quite clear that the foliated eclogite bears relatively abundant hydrous mineral, and shows well-developed penetrative foliation carrying mineral and stretching lineation reflecting intense plastic deformation or flow of eclogite minerals. The foliatcd eclogite occurred at mantle levels and recorded the earliest stages of exhumation of UHP metamorphic rocks. At a map scale, the foliated eclogites de- fine UHP eclogite-facies shear zones or high-strain zones. Asymmetric structures are abundant in the zones, implying bulk plane strain or dominant non-coaxial deformation within the coesite stability field. The earliest stages of exhumation, from mantle depths to the Moho or mantle-crust boundary layering, were characterized by a sub-vertical tectonic wedge extrusion, which occurred around 230-210 Ma. The three- dimensional relationship between the massive and foliated eclogites is well displayed a typical ＇block-in-matrix＇ rheological fabric pattern in- dicating the partitioning of deformation and metamorphism in the UHP petrotectonic unit. The existing data support the now widely accepted con- cept of deep continental subduction/collision and subsequent exhumation between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons. The pressure is a constitutive geological variable. The influence of tectonic over- presure on UHP metamorphism is rather limited.

SS-LASS Zircon Dating Deciphering Multiple Episodes of Anatexis in a Deeply-Subducted Continental Crust:An Example from Sulu Orogen,China

‘Single shot'laser-ablation split-stream(SS-LASS)technique analyzing unpolished zircon grains makes their thin rims tenable for determination,which thus offers great potential in deciphering the timing of multiple and short-lived episodes of anatexis and metamorphism in deeplysubducted continental crusts.Dominated granitic gneisses in the deeply subducted continental crust undergoing considerable fluid-melt activities persist multistage growth of zircon.Therefore,a comparative study of SS-LASS and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(LA-ICP-MS)zircon dating was conducted on the granitic gneisses from the Sulu belt in this study.Zircons mostly show a core-mantle-rim structure with CL-bright rims thinner than 5μm.For LA-ICP-MS dating,relict magmatic zircon cores yield protolith ages of ca.756-747 Ma;whereas the dark mantles record synexhumation anatexis at ca.214 Ma.By contrast,according to the U-Pb dates,trace element features,zircon crystallization temperatures and geological context,SS-LASS zircon petrochronology deciphers three episodes of anatectic events,as follows:(i)the first episode of anatexis at ca.218-217 Ma dominated by phengite-breakdown melting,likely facilitating the exhumation of the UHP slice from mantle depth;(ii)the second episode of anatexis at ca.193–191 Ma indicating part of northern Dabie-Sulu belt was still“hot”because of buried in the thickened orogenic crust at that time;(iii)the third episode of anatexis(ca.162–161 Ma)consistent with the intrusion ages(ca.161–141 Ma)of the Jurassic to Cretaceous granitoids in this orogen,suggesting the initial collapse of the orogenic root of the Sulu belt occurred at Late Jurassic due to the Izanagi plate initially subducting beneath the margin of Eastern Asia.This study sheds new light upon the utilization of SS-LASS petrochronology deciphering multiple anatectic events in the deeply-subducted continental crust and supports us in better understanding the tectonic evolution of Dabie-Sulu Orogen.

On the Role of Dual Active Margin Collision for Exhuming the World's Largest Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic Belt

ABSTRACT： A wide variety of tectonic models have been invoked to explain the exhumation of the world＇s largest ultrahigh pressure （UHP） orogenic belt, the Qinling Dabieshan Sulu belt in China, and its correlatives in Korea. Most of these models assume that the orogen contains one main collisional suture between the North and South China cratons that collided in the Mesozoic. New field data reveal that this model is too simplistic, and that the collision involved an additional mi- croplate, which initially rifted off the Yangtze craton. This continental microplate was partially sub- ducted beneath an active margin on the North China craton, and subsequently an additional active Andean-style margin developed on the southern margin of the Qinling microplate after collision, leav- ing the near-vertical microplate wedged between the two thickened and thermally softened margins. The thermo-mechanical environment of collision thus left a cold, thick, and buoyant microplate wedged between two easily deformed margins, which acted as power-law creep channels, accommodating rapid buoyancy-driven rise of a 2 000 km long wedge of the subducted microplate, which became intimately involved with the collisional process. An addi- tional segment of the northern Yangtze craton was subducted to ~100 kin, and formed a separate wedge that rose alongside the thermally softened margin of the Qinling mieroeontinent, and was bordered on the south by the recently thermally- softened rift zone where the Qinling mieroeonti- nent broke off the Yangtze eraton between Late Devonian and Permian times. Recognizing the dual active margins in Qinling-Dabieshan-Sulu orogen and the thermally-softened power-law creep channels sheds new light on understanding exhumation of the world＇s largest ultrahigh pressure belt. We propose that this model is generally applicable to other UHP belts worldwide.

济阳盆地南缘古近系碎屑高压变质矿物的发现及其构造古地理含义

针对华北济阳盆地南缘、鲁西隆起北麓的博兴洼陷新生代沉积,通过矿物分离、显微鉴定、探针分析与计算,发现古近系孔店组和沙河街组第四段中存在确凿的碎屑蓝闪石、冻蓝闪石、多硅白云母等高压矿物。结合同层位碎屑重矿物组合与区域碰撞造山带物源的时比分析,说明上述高压矿物源于胶东地区的苏鲁造山带,而其源岩是否与俯冲洋壳的折返有关值得进一步研究。对碎屑蓝闪石等高压矿物物源进一步的讨论说明,它们极可能直接来源于苏鲁造山带,但不排除博兴洼陷同时期也接受了来自鲁西地区的剥露物质(含再旋回物源)。因此,鲁西隆起-苏鲁造山带晚中生代-古近纪早期具有明显的东高西低的古地理特点,而自古近纪始新世中期45Ma左右(相当于沙河街组四段顶界年龄)古地势开始逆转。换句话说,45Ma以后鲁西隆起基本阻隔了直接来自苏鲁造山带的物源。

苏北榴辉岩中水晶的形成时代及其对超高压变质岩折返的示踪意义

江苏东海水晶以其晶体粒大和产量巨大而闻名,在地质上也因其产于高压超高压变质带而独具特色。在对大别—苏鲁超高压变质带的区域成矿作用进行研究和对中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD)主孔岩心进行编录的过程中,认识到超高压带存在着超低压成矿现象,包括中国最主要的水晶矿床成矿带在内的许多矿床都可能是在超高压变质之后退变质结束阶段的超低压环境中形成的,对水晶进行流体包裹体的Rb-Sr等时线年代学研究,获得208 Ma的等时线年龄,表明成矿时代为印支期。该年代可视为超高压变质带折返并经历了退变质之后而“稳定”下来的时间。

苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(1)─—深反射地震

苏鲁超高压变质带是世界上研究陆一陆碰撞俯冲和壳幔作用的最佳地质场所之一．为了解超高压变质带岩石的形成、折返和相应的动力学过程，必须了解该区的地壳和浅地幔构造．本文介绍了该区北部的地质情况和进行深反射地震调查取得的成果，包括（１）在五莲─青岛断裂南侧超高压变质岩片向北倾斜，呈现叠复组构，反映岩片的折返；（２）根据地震资料推测在１４６Ｍａ前后胶南地块的隆升一伸展构造内幕；（３）超高压变质岩片厚约１２ｋｍ，由于含有大量相辉岩透镜体，地震波速高达６．８─７．３ｋｍ／ｓ；（４）莫霍面附近有许多楔形反射体，反映陆一陆碰撞；（５）石门地区７ｋｍ深处存在高波速的强反射体，可作为在该区进行大陆科学钻探的候选场址．

大陆板片多重性俯冲与折返的动力学模式——苏鲁高压超高压变质地体的折返年龄限定

苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体自南而北由高压(HP)、很高压(VHP)和超高压(UHP)变质叠覆岩片组成,前者依次叠覆在后者之上,岩片之间的界限为韧性剪切带.根据超高压变质岩片中角闪岩相岩石与高压变质岩片中绿片岩相岩石的黑云母和白云母Ar-Ar和Rb-Sr测年新结果,结合前人在该区所做的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb、全岩Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr等测年数据综合分析表明,超高压变质岩石的峰期变质年龄为240～220 Ma,折返年龄为220～200Ma;而高压变质岩石的峰期变质年龄大于258 Ma,起始折返年龄为258 240 Ma,折返年龄比超高压变质岩石早30～40Ma.这说明扬子板片并不是整体俯冲和折返的.由于具组分和密度差异,俯冲板块的不同部位沿岩性或构造界面先后分片俯冲和折返,在北苏鲁超高压变质板片开始俯冲时,南苏鲁高压变质板片已开始折返.

南苏鲁造山带的超高压变质岩及岩石化学研究

在南苏鲁造山带核部,古老的表壳岩和花岗质侵入岩经历了三叠纪的超高压变质作用,在超高压变质岩石抬升过程中经历了强烈的角闪岩相退变质作用改造。据岩相学和岩石化学研究,可以区分出六大类典型超高压变质岩:榴辉岩、石榴石橄榄岩、石英硬玉岩、石榴石多硅白云母片岩、硬玉石英岩和石榴石绿辉石文石岩。这些岩石的角闪岩相退变质产物分别是斜长角闪岩、蛇纹岩、长英质片麻岩、长石石英云母片岩、石英岩和大理岩。地球化学研究揭示,榴辉岩的原岩很可能是形成在大陆内部构造环境的拉斑玄武岩,而石榴石橄榄岩可能是起源于亏损的残余地幔。石英硬玉岩原岩包括正变质的花岗岩和奥长花岗岩、副变质的酸性火山碎屑岩和长石石英砂岩。大面积分布的古老花岗岩很可能是形成在大陆或大陆边缘环境。长石石英云母片岩、石英岩和大理岩的原岩为沉积岩,与副变质的长英质片麻岩和基性火山岩一起构成了古老的表壳岩组合。双峰式的酸性和基性火山岩组合的存在也证明部分表壳岩是形成在大陆环境。因此,可以推测南苏鲁造山带核部的超高压变质岩原岩为形成在大陆板内环境的沉积岩-酸性和基性火山岩-花岗岩和奥长花岗岩建造。

大别—苏鲁超高压—高压变质带伸展构造格架及其动力学意义

构造分析结合变质作用PTt轨迹和同位素年代学资料指出,现今观察到的大别—苏鲁超高压—高压变质带区域构造框架,主要是在印支期中-朝与扬子克拉通斜向碰撞及超高压—高压变质作用期后伸展体制下形成的(200～170Ma)。构造样式类似于北美科迪勒拉型变质核杂岩并发育多层低缓角度地壳尺度的伸展拆离带。几何形态表现为大型穹窿或小型穹窿群。区域伸展构造叠加于先期碰撞或挤压构造之上,控制了超高压和高压变质岩石的空间分布。大规模的近水平韧性伸展流动,是在超高压—高压变质岩石从地幔深处折返到中、下地壳层次及角闪岩相环境下发生的。广泛的减压部分熔融作用反映的壳—幔动力学过程和地壳热结构的变化,是促使造山带从挤压体制向伸展体制转换的因素之一。证明造山带尺度的地壳伸展和薄化作用,在超高压和高压变质岩石折返到地表动力学过程中,曾起过重要作用。

大别—苏鲁超高压变质带内的块状榴辉岩及其构造意义

大别—苏鲁超高压 ( >2 7× 10 8Pa)变质带内的榴辉岩 ,在大陆深俯冲、碰撞和折返剥露过程中 ,大都遭受了强烈的变形和变质作用的重置与再造 .但是 ,大型榴辉岩体核部以及包裹于大理岩和石榴橄榄岩体内部的块状榴辉岩 ,往往保留其初始简单的矿物组合、中 -细粒状变晶结构和块状构造 .详细地分析了块状榴辉岩的几何学、岩相学及变质作用特征 ,指出它们是超高压榴辉岩递进及多期变质变形分解作用的残留体 ,位于尺度不同的弱应变域内 ,是大陆深俯冲及碰撞作用的真正记录 .