Shiyuchunbao is a new hybrid of early-mid maturity spring Chinese cabbage with growth period of 60-65 d, flat-topped head and yellow inner leaves, characterized with high quality and good marketability. It is highly r...Shiyuchunbao is a new hybrid of early-mid maturity spring Chinese cabbage with growth period of 60-65 d, flat-topped head and yellow inner leaves, characterized with high quality and good marketability. It is highly resistant to viral diseases, downy mildew and soft rot disease, and can be cultivated in Beijing, Hebai, Heilongjiang and Yunnan.展开更多
Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is one of the major foliage feeders found in the rice growing regions in India. When the crop was at maturity, numerous adults of rice leaffolder were found in the rice field...Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is one of the major foliage feeders found in the rice growing regions in India. When the crop was at maturity, numerous adults of rice leaffolder were found in the rice fields though the larval population gradually decreased, and no eggs were found on rice leaves. The population characteristics of C. medinalis were assessed based on the physiological age status of adults at different crop growth stages. Based on egg development within ovarioles, ovariole appearance number and colour of fat bodies, and characteristics of bursa copulatrix, physiological age status of the adults was described, which served as a basis for the determination of age composition. C. medinalis adults were found during the first week of August on rice plants, of which 44% were in Age 0 with immature ovaries, indicating immigrants. However, 28% adults each were at Ages 1-2 with developing ovaries, indicating local breeding population. The carryover and off-season survival of C. medinalis were also studied to determine the contribution of the alternative hosts in the population growth that helped in devising efficient management strategies. Rice was the most preferred host followed by Triticum aestivum, Echinochloa crusgulli and Brachiaria plantaginea. Various routes of the carryover of C. medinalis from season to season were discussed.展开更多
It is a key and difficult point in landscape engineering to keep higher survival rate of off-season cultivation.This paper takes widely-planted species such as Ginkgo biloba,Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cedrus deo...It is a key and difficult point in landscape engineering to keep higher survival rate of off-season cultivation.This paper takes widely-planted species such as Ginkgo biloba,Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cedrus deodara in Beijing Garden Expo for example,summarizes key off-season cultivation techniques in urban landscaping,elaborated key technical links such as seedling selection,cultivation techniques,after-cultivation maintenance,and provided useful references for the off-season cultivation in urban landscaping of north China.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to introduce the breeding process of natural colorful cocoon silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24. [ Method] By cross breeding and pedigree separation, the silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24, with...[ Objective] The aim was to introduce the breeding process of natural colorful cocoon silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24. [ Method] By cross breeding and pedigree separation, the silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24, with double sex-limited markings and strong vitality and for sum- mer-Autumn rearing was bred. [ Result] The results of laboratory identification and countryside test in Sichuan Province indicated that the Chuancan No. 24 was strong and could be reared easily. They had uniform development and excellent quality of cocoon and silk. In addition, their sexes could be identified by larval body color and markings. The main indexes are as follows: cocoon yield per 10 003 fourth instar larvae, 19.66 kg; filament length, 1 241.29 m; length of non-broken filament, 941.99 mm; reelability, 75.87% ; raw silk ratio of fresh cocoon, 17.07% ; and neatness, 94.03 points. The main economic features of new variety were better than those of the control. [ Conclusion] The Chuancan No. 24 has been approved by the Sichuan Silkworm Evaluation Commission, and it is suitable to rear this new variety in some regions of the Yangtze River drainage basin, such as Sichuan Province and Chongqing.展开更多
Background Anthonomus grandis grandis is the main cotton pest in the Americas,with the potential to become a pest in other continents.The insect uses the plant's reproductive organs for feeding,oviposition,and sur...Background Anthonomus grandis grandis is the main cotton pest in the Americas,with the potential to become a pest in other continents.The insect uses the plant's reproductive organs for feeding,oviposition,and survival strategies in the off-season,sheltering in dry bolls.This study aimed to know the reproductive potential,feeding,longevity,and morphometric characteristics of boll weevils from dry bolls,squares,and traps.Adults were obtained from infested squares,dry bolls,and traps installed in cotton fields and the Caatinga area.Thirty weevil pairs were maintained in the laboratory to assess the oviposition,feeding holes,longevity,and morphometric measurements of the parental and F_(1) generations.Results In the parental generation,boll weevils from traps(the Caatinga area and cotton cultivation)showed greater reproductive potential.Boll weevils from squares and the Caatinga area showed greater feeding activity compared with those from cotton cultivation.Greater rostrum length,thorax+abdomen length,and abdomen width were observed in boll weevils from cotton cultivation and dry bolls.The origin of boll weevils parental generation did not affect progeny emergence time.The F_(1) generation of boll weevils showed significant differences in average longevity depending on the origin of different microhabitats.Furthermore,differences in rostrum lengths were observed,with the boll weevils coming from traps installed in cotton cultivation,the Caatinga area,and dry bolls being the largest.Regarding thorax+abdomen length and abdomen width,the highest values were observed in those from the Caatinga area and cotton cultivation.Conclusion It was proven that dry bolls did not affect the reproductive,feeding,and longevity performance of boll weevils,enabling better insect fitness(reproduction and size)in relation to those coming from squares.The use of dry bolls as off-season shelter is an important survival strategy for the boll weevil.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pollution level of trace metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn in agricultural soil around the water reservoir. A total of 36 soil samples were colle...The purpose of this study was to investigate the pollution level of trace metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn in agricultural soil around the water reservoir. A total of 36 soil samples were collected both during off-season agriculture and pluvial agriculture from April to October 2022. The samples were analyzed for trace metals according to the standard methods of the US EPA 2007 with a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), Agilent Model 4210. The pollution level was assessed using contamination factor (Cf) and modified contamination degree (mCd). During the off-season, the concentration of trace metals followed in descending order as Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn. As, Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Sb and Se were below the detectable limits. In pluvial season, the concentration of traces of metal follows the order Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Hg > As. Cd, Co, Sb and Se remain below the detectable limits. The concentrations of Cr, Mn and Zn were lower in the off-season agriculture than in pluvial agriculture. For Cu and Pb, the concentrations were higher in the off-season than in pluvial agriculture. The Cf ranges from 0.24 to 11.70 depending on the considered trace metal. The Cf values of As, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn indicated that the agricultural study soil was lowery contaminated by these trace metals. The agricultural study soil was moderately contaminated by Cr and Cu, and highly contaminated by Hg. Globally the agricultural study soil presents a moderate degree of contamination (mCd 2.25) by the eight trace metals studied. This result provides information on understanding the risks of trace metal contamination of agricultural soil. It is important to anticipate the control of soil contamination through regular monitoring of toxic metals in agricultural soils, control the quality of chemicals used in agriculture and regulate their use.展开更多
The study aims to promote the off-season cut roses industry in Hainan Province to the whole island and even whole China. Based on the production data in latest three years,the theory of time value was introduced to an...The study aims to promote the off-season cut roses industry in Hainan Province to the whole island and even whole China. Based on the production data in latest three years,the theory of time value was introduced to analyze the economic benefits of cut roses planting in South Hainan. According to the research findings,the cut roses create a NPV of $22 000 /667m2 with a net NPV rate of 34. 24%,an internal rate of return of 76. 36%,and a dynamic payback of 1. 05,bringing the farmers a revenue of $7 200 /667m2 per capita per year. Since the largescale planting of cut roses needs a high investment,it is suggested that the government should increase its support for the cut rose industry.展开更多
The main objective of this work was to overcome seasonality in tomato production under hot tropical summer conditions, as well as to evaluate the adaptability and productivity of cherry and normal size indeterminate t...The main objective of this work was to overcome seasonality in tomato production under hot tropical summer conditions, as well as to evaluate the adaptability and productivity of cherry and normal size indeterminate tomato varieties. The tested varieties were the standard varieties, Chanoa, Merel, Sensie and Yusra and the cherry varieties, Tomi and Elitrro. The cherry variety Elitrro recorded the highest plant height followed by the normal Merel. The cherry varieties over-numbered the classic varieties for mean number of fruits per cluster and mean number of fruits per meter square. There was no significant difference between the best yielders, the classic varieties Chanoa (25.63 kg/m2) and Yusra (24.13 kg/m2) and the cherry variety Elitrro (24.00 kg/m2). Yusra recorded the highest fruit diameter (60-70 mm). The classic type tomatoes are well known and of high demand in Sudan that give Chanoa and Yusra better adoption chances. Our results clearly indicated that production of summer tomato under cooled plastic house conditions is a new technique that has the potential to overcome the seasonality of tomato production under Sudan and similar tropical condition.展开更多
From summer to autumn in 2022,a severe drought lasted in southern China,posing serious effects on economic growth and ecological systems.This study explored the atmospheric circulations accounting for this persistent ...From summer to autumn in 2022,a severe drought lasted in southern China,posing serious effects on economic growth and ecological systems.This study explored the atmospheric circulations accounting for this persistent drought event.It shows that the drought in southern China during the summer of 2022 was strongly linked to the divergence of water vapor flux and descending motions,which were respectively caused by the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the northward movement of the East Asian subtropical jet(EASJ).Differently,the atmospheric background responsible for the sustained drought in autumn is manly featured by a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the Bay of Bengal to the South China Sea,which led to decreased moisture and descending motions in southern China.Further investigation suggests that the rarely strong surface warming over northern Eurasia and the extreme La Nina-like pattern over the tropical Pacific jointly resulted in the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the northward shift of the EASJ in the summer of 2022,while the cyclonic circulation anomaly prevailing over the region from the Bay of Bengal to the South China Sea in autumn was largely attributed to the extremely negative anomalies of the tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature.展开更多
The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green...The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green peppers planted in barrels in a greenhouse in Liaoning Province,Northeast China,this study monitors the sub-indexes--such as canopy temperature,environmental factors and yield--determines the changing law of each constituent,achieves an empirical model as well as a baseline formula for the canopy temperature of the peppers with a sufficient water supply,and verifies the rationality of the formula with corresponding experimental data.The results obtained by using the CWSI show that the optimal time to determine the water deficit for off-season green peppers is at noon,by measuring the diurnal variation in the peppers with different water supplies.There is a nonlinear relationship between the yield and the average CWSI at the prime fruit-bearing period;moreover,the optimal time to supply water for off-season green peppers comes when the average water stress index ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 during the prime fruiting stage,thereby ensuring a high yield.展开更多
According to Shanghai Apparel Association, CNY360 million was spent in Shanghai top 10 department stores in May 2011, edging down 5.2 per cent m/m (-16.9% y/y). We’ve seen slight growth in the retail volume of about 2.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Shijiazhuang City(161490152A)~~
文摘Shiyuchunbao is a new hybrid of early-mid maturity spring Chinese cabbage with growth period of 60-65 d, flat-topped head and yellow inner leaves, characterized with high quality and good marketability. It is highly resistant to viral diseases, downy mildew and soft rot disease, and can be cultivated in Beijing, Hebai, Heilongjiang and Yunnan.
基金supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Agricultural Innovative Project (Grant No.C2046)
文摘Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is one of the major foliage feeders found in the rice growing regions in India. When the crop was at maturity, numerous adults of rice leaffolder were found in the rice fields though the larval population gradually decreased, and no eggs were found on rice leaves. The population characteristics of C. medinalis were assessed based on the physiological age status of adults at different crop growth stages. Based on egg development within ovarioles, ovariole appearance number and colour of fat bodies, and characteristics of bursa copulatrix, physiological age status of the adults was described, which served as a basis for the determination of age composition. C. medinalis adults were found during the first week of August on rice plants, of which 44% were in Age 0 with immature ovaries, indicating immigrants. However, 28% adults each were at Ages 1-2 with developing ovaries, indicating local breeding population. The carryover and off-season survival of C. medinalis were also studied to determine the contribution of the alternative hosts in the population growth that helped in devising efficient management strategies. Rice was the most preferred host followed by Triticum aestivum, Echinochloa crusgulli and Brachiaria plantaginea. Various routes of the carryover of C. medinalis from season to season were discussed.
文摘It is a key and difficult point in landscape engineering to keep higher survival rate of off-season cultivation.This paper takes widely-planted species such as Ginkgo biloba,Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cedrus deodara in Beijing Garden Expo for example,summarizes key off-season cultivation techniques in urban landscaping,elaborated key technical links such as seedling selection,cultivation techniques,after-cultivation maintenance,and provided useful references for the off-season cultivation in urban landscaping of north China.
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Programs (2010GB2F000412)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to introduce the breeding process of natural colorful cocoon silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24. [ Method] By cross breeding and pedigree separation, the silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24, with double sex-limited markings and strong vitality and for sum- mer-Autumn rearing was bred. [ Result] The results of laboratory identification and countryside test in Sichuan Province indicated that the Chuancan No. 24 was strong and could be reared easily. They had uniform development and excellent quality of cocoon and silk. In addition, their sexes could be identified by larval body color and markings. The main indexes are as follows: cocoon yield per 10 003 fourth instar larvae, 19.66 kg; filament length, 1 241.29 m; length of non-broken filament, 941.99 mm; reelability, 75.87% ; raw silk ratio of fresh cocoon, 17.07% ; and neatness, 94.03 points. The main economic features of new variety were better than those of the control. [ Conclusion] The Chuancan No. 24 has been approved by the Sichuan Silkworm Evaluation Commission, and it is suitable to rear this new variety in some regions of the Yangtze River drainage basin, such as Sichuan Province and Chongqing.
基金supported by Fundacao de Amparoà Pesquisa do Estado da Bahiathe Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Foundation(Finance Code 001)for financial supportBahia Association of Cotton Producers。
文摘Background Anthonomus grandis grandis is the main cotton pest in the Americas,with the potential to become a pest in other continents.The insect uses the plant's reproductive organs for feeding,oviposition,and survival strategies in the off-season,sheltering in dry bolls.This study aimed to know the reproductive potential,feeding,longevity,and morphometric characteristics of boll weevils from dry bolls,squares,and traps.Adults were obtained from infested squares,dry bolls,and traps installed in cotton fields and the Caatinga area.Thirty weevil pairs were maintained in the laboratory to assess the oviposition,feeding holes,longevity,and morphometric measurements of the parental and F_(1) generations.Results In the parental generation,boll weevils from traps(the Caatinga area and cotton cultivation)showed greater reproductive potential.Boll weevils from squares and the Caatinga area showed greater feeding activity compared with those from cotton cultivation.Greater rostrum length,thorax+abdomen length,and abdomen width were observed in boll weevils from cotton cultivation and dry bolls.The origin of boll weevils parental generation did not affect progeny emergence time.The F_(1) generation of boll weevils showed significant differences in average longevity depending on the origin of different microhabitats.Furthermore,differences in rostrum lengths were observed,with the boll weevils coming from traps installed in cotton cultivation,the Caatinga area,and dry bolls being the largest.Regarding thorax+abdomen length and abdomen width,the highest values were observed in those from the Caatinga area and cotton cultivation.Conclusion It was proven that dry bolls did not affect the reproductive,feeding,and longevity performance of boll weevils,enabling better insect fitness(reproduction and size)in relation to those coming from squares.The use of dry bolls as off-season shelter is an important survival strategy for the boll weevil.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the pollution level of trace metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn in agricultural soil around the water reservoir. A total of 36 soil samples were collected both during off-season agriculture and pluvial agriculture from April to October 2022. The samples were analyzed for trace metals according to the standard methods of the US EPA 2007 with a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), Agilent Model 4210. The pollution level was assessed using contamination factor (Cf) and modified contamination degree (mCd). During the off-season, the concentration of trace metals followed in descending order as Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn. As, Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Sb and Se were below the detectable limits. In pluvial season, the concentration of traces of metal follows the order Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Hg > As. Cd, Co, Sb and Se remain below the detectable limits. The concentrations of Cr, Mn and Zn were lower in the off-season agriculture than in pluvial agriculture. For Cu and Pb, the concentrations were higher in the off-season than in pluvial agriculture. The Cf ranges from 0.24 to 11.70 depending on the considered trace metal. The Cf values of As, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn indicated that the agricultural study soil was lowery contaminated by these trace metals. The agricultural study soil was moderately contaminated by Cr and Cu, and highly contaminated by Hg. Globally the agricultural study soil presents a moderate degree of contamination (mCd 2.25) by the eight trace metals studied. This result provides information on understanding the risks of trace metal contamination of agricultural soil. It is important to anticipate the control of soil contamination through regular monitoring of toxic metals in agricultural soils, control the quality of chemicals used in agriculture and regulate their use.
基金Supported by the National Spark Plan(2011GA800004)
文摘The study aims to promote the off-season cut roses industry in Hainan Province to the whole island and even whole China. Based on the production data in latest three years,the theory of time value was introduced to analyze the economic benefits of cut roses planting in South Hainan. According to the research findings,the cut roses create a NPV of $22 000 /667m2 with a net NPV rate of 34. 24%,an internal rate of return of 76. 36%,and a dynamic payback of 1. 05,bringing the farmers a revenue of $7 200 /667m2 per capita per year. Since the largescale planting of cut roses needs a high investment,it is suggested that the government should increase its support for the cut rose industry.
文摘The main objective of this work was to overcome seasonality in tomato production under hot tropical summer conditions, as well as to evaluate the adaptability and productivity of cherry and normal size indeterminate tomato varieties. The tested varieties were the standard varieties, Chanoa, Merel, Sensie and Yusra and the cherry varieties, Tomi and Elitrro. The cherry variety Elitrro recorded the highest plant height followed by the normal Merel. The cherry varieties over-numbered the classic varieties for mean number of fruits per cluster and mean number of fruits per meter square. There was no significant difference between the best yielders, the classic varieties Chanoa (25.63 kg/m2) and Yusra (24.13 kg/m2) and the cherry variety Elitrro (24.00 kg/m2). Yusra recorded the highest fruit diameter (60-70 mm). The classic type tomatoes are well known and of high demand in Sudan that give Chanoa and Yusra better adoption chances. Our results clearly indicated that production of summer tomato under cooled plastic house conditions is a new technique that has the potential to overcome the seasonality of tomato production under Sudan and similar tropical condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42025502)。
文摘From summer to autumn in 2022,a severe drought lasted in southern China,posing serious effects on economic growth and ecological systems.This study explored the atmospheric circulations accounting for this persistent drought event.It shows that the drought in southern China during the summer of 2022 was strongly linked to the divergence of water vapor flux and descending motions,which were respectively caused by the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the northward movement of the East Asian subtropical jet(EASJ).Differently,the atmospheric background responsible for the sustained drought in autumn is manly featured by a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the Bay of Bengal to the South China Sea,which led to decreased moisture and descending motions in southern China.Further investigation suggests that the rarely strong surface warming over northern Eurasia and the extreme La Nina-like pattern over the tropical Pacific jointly resulted in the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the northward shift of the EASJ in the summer of 2022,while the cyclonic circulation anomaly prevailing over the region from the Bay of Bengal to the South China Sea in autumn was largely attributed to the extremely negative anomalies of the tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature.
基金The authors express appreciation for the financial support granted by the Education Department of Liaoning Province,China(Project No.L2012239)and the Ministry of Agriculture,China(Project No.201303125)We also thank Dr.Wang Yingkuan for his valuable suggestions for improving this paper and Dr.Cheryl Rutledge(Florida,USA)for her English editorial assistance.
文摘The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely irrigation.In an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green peppers planted in barrels in a greenhouse in Liaoning Province,Northeast China,this study monitors the sub-indexes--such as canopy temperature,environmental factors and yield--determines the changing law of each constituent,achieves an empirical model as well as a baseline formula for the canopy temperature of the peppers with a sufficient water supply,and verifies the rationality of the formula with corresponding experimental data.The results obtained by using the CWSI show that the optimal time to determine the water deficit for off-season green peppers is at noon,by measuring the diurnal variation in the peppers with different water supplies.There is a nonlinear relationship between the yield and the average CWSI at the prime fruit-bearing period;moreover,the optimal time to supply water for off-season green peppers comes when the average water stress index ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 during the prime fruiting stage,thereby ensuring a high yield.
文摘According to Shanghai Apparel Association, CNY360 million was spent in Shanghai top 10 department stores in May 2011, edging down 5.2 per cent m/m (-16.9% y/y). We’ve seen slight growth in the retail volume of about 2.