大豆皂甙对蛋鸡免疫功能的影响及其在鸡蛋中的沉积效果

本研究旨在探究大豆皂甙(SS)对蛋鸡免疫功能的影响,并探究其在鸡蛋中的沉积效果。将270只21周龄海兰灰蛋鸡随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组(CTR组)饲喂基础饲粮,50 SS和500 SS组分别在基础饲粮中添加50和500 mg/kg SS。试验期10周。结果显示:1)50 SS组血清β-防御素1(β-DF1)含量显著高于CTR组(P<0.05)。2)50 SS和500 SS组下丘脑叉头盒蛋白1(FOXO1)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的基因表达水平显著高于CTR组(P<0.05),500 SS组脾脏FOXO1、叉头盒蛋白3(FOXO3)和IL-10的基因表达水平显著高于CTR组(P<0.05)。3)500 SS组血液血红蛋白(HGB)含量显著高于CTR组(P<0.05),50 SS组血液红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)显著高于CTR组(P<0.05)。4)500 SS组鸡蛋中的大豆皂甙Ⅰ、大豆皂甙Ⅴ、大豆皂醇A、大豆皂醇B含量显著高于CTR组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在蛋鸡饲粮中添加50和500 mg/kg SS可改善蛋鸡免疫功能。此外,饲粮中添加500 mg/kg SS可使SS沉积到鸡蛋内,且SS可被转化成大豆皂醇沉积到鸡蛋内。

胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基比对研究

目的研究5个不同品牌胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基产品信息标识差异,分析适用性检查结果,为提高检验检测效率,规范培养基生产和管理提供研究依据。方法比对5个不同品牌,各3个批号的胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基内外包装信息标识和自检项目,并按照《中华人民共和国药典》2020版四部和《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验培养基和试剂的质量要求》(GB 4789.28-2013),对培养基适用性进行研究分析。结果5个品牌胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基内外包装标识信息存在较大差异,自检报告使用的检验依据和具体检测项目以及适用性判定标准都不相同,5个品牌胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基适用性检查结果均符合相关标准要求,但相同品牌不同批号间的检查结果均一性存在差异。结论培养基质量控制标准有待规范和完善,有利于培养基生产和使用。

栀子甘草豉汤加味治疗联合雷贝拉唑对痰热郁阻型反流性食管炎患者中医证候及食管动力学的影响

目的:探讨栀子甘草豉汤加味治疗联合雷贝拉唑在痰热郁阻型反流性食管炎(RE)中的临床效果。方法:共66例RE患者,均为2020年1月—2023年8月我院收治,按随机数字表法分为2组(各33例)。对照组采用雷贝拉唑治疗,观察组加用栀子甘草豉汤加味治疗,持续8周。比较两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、胃肠激素水平、食管动力学、不良反应。结果:观察组总有效率较对照组高,治疗后中医证候积分较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组治疗后GAS、MOT水平较对照组高(P<0.05);观察组治疗后食管动力学优于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应相比无差异(P>0.05)。结论:栀子甘草豉汤加味治疗联合雷贝拉唑可提高RE治疗效果,加快食管动力学复常,促进疾病症状消失,纠正胃肠激素紊乱,安全可靠。

连续蒸煮设备处理黄豆在广式酿造酱油中的应用研究

本项目采用连续蒸煮设备蒸煮黄豆,通过优化泡发豆水分、蒸煮时间和温度、预热温度等因素,确定最佳黄豆蒸煮工艺,采用该工艺发酵原油,氨基酸态氮提高了5%,原料利用率提升了6.7%,可以显著改善酱油口感和风味,全面提升酱油质量,降低成本。

Soya saponin improves egg-laying performance and immune function of laying hens

Background:Soya saponin(SS),an active compound in soybean meals,has been widely studied in the medical field.However,it was considered as an anti-nutritional factor in poultry diets.The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of dietary SS using three dietary treatments on egg-laying performance and immune function of laying hens.Birds were fed a low soybean meal basal diet(CON),a low-SS diet(50 SS)containing 50mg/kg SS,or a high-SS diet(500 SS)containing 500 mg/kg SS for 10 weeks.At the end of the 5th and 10th week of the trial,samples were collected for analysis.Results:Results showed that with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation,the egg production rate,feed conversion ratio(FCR),and eggshell quality tended to be improved.Serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and Interleukin-4(IL-4)levels were also elevated as well as the peripheral blood LPS stimulation index,the proportion of B lymphocytes,and antibody titer of bovine serum albumin(BSA).We also found that mRNA levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)in ovarian,nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB),Transforming growth factor(TGF-β)and interferonγ(IFN-γ)in spleen were up-regulated at the end of the trial.Additionally,dietary 50 mg/kg SS improved the ileal flora via up-regulating the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Romboutsia and Lactobacillus delbrueckii.Although the immune related indicators were improved with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented,it seemed to have a negative influence on the laying-performance.Specifically,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and the ratio of IFN-γto IL-4 were increased in the 500 SS group at the end of the trial.The m RNA levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1(GnRH1)in Hypothalamus,the estrogen related receptor(ERR)in ovaries were downregulated as well as the egg production rate during the trial with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented.Conclusions:The egg production performance was improved by dietary supplemented with 50 mg/kg SS via increasing ovarian FSHR transcription level and serum estrogen level.A beneficial shift in intestinal microflora was recorded,and the immune function of laying hens was also improved with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation.Surprisingly,the long-term supplementation of 500 mg/kg SS exerted a negative impact on the laying performance and physiological functions of the liver of laying hens.

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes Evaluation in Lactating Female Albino Rats Following Supplementation with Fermented Soya Bean and Vitamin C

In mammals, lactation is the most energetically demanding period of a female’s reproductive life. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fermented Soya bean and Vitamin C supplement on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in lactating albino rats. Thirty five (35) adult female rats were used for this study. At parturition, the animals were randomly divided into five groups of five (5) rats each. Except group four (4) that was subdivided into three (3) sub groups of five animals each (n = 5). Treatment was carried out as follows: Group I: (Normal control) was given normal feed and distilled water, orally (1 ml/kg), Group II: metoclopramide (5 mg/kg), Group III: 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C. The three (3) sub groups under group four (4) received 10%, 20% and 40% soya bean, respectively, Group V: was co-administered with 20% soya bean supplement and Vitamin C (100 mg/kg). Treatment was done for the period of ten (10) days at 06:00 h daily. Although there was an increase in serum MDA concentrations in all the treated groups compared to the control, lipid peroxidation was however significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the metoclopramide group relative to the soya bean supplemented groups. This study has shown that supplementation with soya bean induces a mild antioxidant effect by increasing serum level of superoxide dismutase. There was however a significant decrease in serum SOD in the 10% SB group compared to the control. There was a significant difference in serum catalase activity in the group treated with METCL (46.20 ± 1.53), SB 10% (44.00 ± 1.14) and SB 20% (45.20 ± 1.28) compared to the control (52.00 ± 0.71) (P < 0.05). Serum level of glutathione peroxidase GPx showed a significant difference in the group treated with VIT C, SB 10% and SB 20% compared to the control (P < 0.05).

Effect of Soya Lecithin on Solubilization and Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol by <i>Anthracophyllum discolor</i>

The effect of soya lecithin (SL) on solubilization and biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Anthracophyllum discolor was evaluated. Besides, the PCP effect on critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SL and the effect of PCP and SL on the ligninolytic activity of A. discolor were evaluated. The PCP solubilization test was performed for 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 with SL solution varying concentrations of ranging from 0 to 0.9 g·L-1. The effect of PCP (5 to 20 mg·L-1) on CMC of SL by conductivity was evaluated. The effect of SL (0 to 0.9 g·L-1) on biodegradation of PCP (21.4 mg·L-1) in modified Kirk medium was studied. The results showed that SL addition enhanced PCP solubility in water. The solubilities of 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 of PCP were about 4.2, 5.0 and 2.5 times higher than their solubility in pure water when the system was added with 0.9 g·L-1 of SL. We found that the increase in PCP concentration caused a decrease in the CMC value. In the biodegradation assay, in liquid medium supplemented with 0.9 g·L-1 of SL, the 94.4% of PCP was biodegraded after 26 days of incubation. In contrast, in the control assay (without SL), the 76.5% of PCP was removed. The PCP degradation was confirmed by the presence of its metabolites. During biodegradation assay, A. discolor mainly produced manganese peroxidase reaching a maximum of 96.8 U·g-1 (dw) when the culture medium was added with 0.6 g·L-1 of SL. These results show that SL can be applied to increasing the bioavailability and biodegradation of PCP.

Efficacy of Soya Lecithin Powder Combined with Conventional Therapy on Chronic Hepatitis B

[Objectives]To probe into the treatment effects of soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B.[Methods]A total of 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou from February 2017 to February 2018 were randomly divided into observation group and control group in the way of drawing lots,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups of patients were treated with conventional therapy.On this basis,the control group was given Liver Protection Tablet,and the observation group was given soya lecithin powder for 2 months.The relief of symptoms of both groups and the recovery of liver functions were observed,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum total bilirubin(TBIL),and glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),as well as recovery of B-scan ultrasonography image and adverse drug reactions were observed.[Results]After treatment,the relief rate of fatigue,anorexia,abdominal distension and the disappearance rate of hepatic discomfort in the observation group were significant higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the recovery rate of ALT,AST,TBIL and GGT levels in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the recovery rate of B-scan ultrasonography image in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No significant adverse drug reactions were found in two groups during the drug administration.[Conclusions]Soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B can significantly improve the liver function and relieve the symptoms.

Effects of replacement of soya bean meal by bambara nut sievate on the carcass and organ parameters of finisher broiler chicks

Eighty 4-weeks old broiler chicks (Anak 2000 strain) were used in a 28 days feeding trial to determine the effects of replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) by bambara nut sievate (BNS) on the carcass and organ characteristics of fin- isher broiler chicks. BNS replaced soya bean meal by weight for weight at levels 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% for treatments 1,2, 3 and 4;respectively which were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum to the birds. Also, ap- propriate medication, sanitation and other stan- dard management practices were strictly adopt- ed. At the 28th day, one bird was randomly picked from each replicate, starved of food for 24 hours and then slaughtered and eviscerated for carcass and organ evaluation. Weights were measured with digital weighing scale. Results of analysis of variance of carcass parameters showed significant (P 0.05) in the values above but only varied with birds on 10% and 15% BNS. Other carcass parameters were simi- lar (P > 0.05) in value between treatments. The liver, heart, gizzard and intestine significantly varied (P < 0.05) between their treatments. How- ever, kidney values did not differ significantly. From the results, it appeared that 5% BNS in- clusion is optimal for carcass and organ char- acteristics of finisher broilers.

Optimization of Injection Timing and Injection Duration of a Diesel Engine Running on Pure Biodiesel SME (Soya Methyl Ester)

This study was carried out to predict the impact of injection timing and injection duration on engine brake power and Nitrogen Oxides emissions in a diesel engine using biofuel Soya Methyl Ester (SME). Predictions were accomplished at three different injection timings 10°, 5° Crank Angle (CA) before Top Dead Center (bTDC) and 0° CA at Top Dead Center (TDC) and four injection durations 20°, 25°, 30°, 35° CA. The study was conducted using a simulation software (Diesel-RK). The predicted results showed that the powers produced by all the setups of the different injection timings are almost equal, but they differ in injection durations, e.g. the power at setup (10° CA-bTDC) duration 20° CA and 2500 rpm equal to 52 kW, at setup (5° CA-bTDC) duration 25° CA and same engine speed the power is equal to 51 kW, and at setup (0° CA-TDC) durations 30° the power is equal to 51 kW. The power in all setups are decreased as the injection duration increased, e.g. at setup 0° CA TDC durations 25°, 35°, and 40° CA and at 4000 rpm, the brake powers are equal 71, 65, and 59 kW respectively, thus the reduction percentages are 9% and 17% when compared to the 25° injection duration. The nitrogen oxides emissions decreased as the injection duration is increased, e.g. the emissions at setup (10° CA-bTDC) durations 25°, 30°, and 40° CA and at 2500 rpm are equal 852, 589, 293 ppm respectively, the reduction percentages are 30% and 72%. The variations of injection timing and injection duration have taken a weighty influence on engine performance and emissions. The results are considered as a novelty in the field of using pure biofuel Soya Methyl Ester in diesel engine according to our information.

Macronutrient Composition and Digestibility of Extruded and Fermented Soya Protein Products

The macronutrient composition and in vitro protein digestibility of extruded fermented and unfermented extruded soya protein products （low, medium and high moisture）, raw and fermented soya meal and soya kernel were studied. The protein content （g/100g soya dry weight） ranged from 38.20 to 62.98 with the highest content in the high moisture extruded protein product fermented with 5 mL inoculum of Bacillus natto. Contents of carbohydrates ranged from 14.77 to 29.08 while those of crude fibre, fat and ash were generally low. Fermentation better improved protein digestibility in the raw soya meal and kernel than in the unfermented extruded and extruded fermented products. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed some degradation of the protein sub units of fermented samples.

豆豉与淡豆豉的成分测试及微生物菌群分析

目的测试食品豆豉和中药淡豆豉样本中的药典成分,分离培养其留存的微生物菌株,分析微生物类别、发酵过程与功能成分的关系。方法平板筛选培养、菌苔外观和显微镜鉴别微生物菌株,液相色谱法测定大豆异黄酮及苷元成分的含量,纤维平板法测试纤溶酶活性。结果中药淡豆豉和食品豆豉的微生物以枯草芽孢杆菌最多,其次是霉菌和酵母;样本大豆异黄酮和苷元成分差异较大,有些中药材淡豆豉低于药典标准;个别食品豆豉样本具有纤溶酶活性,中药材淡豆豉少有纤溶酶活性。结论留存于淡豆豉或豆豉中的微生物丰度顺序如下:枯草芽孢杆菌、霉菌和酵母;大豆异黄酮和苷元成分的含量与发酵过程有关,样本的差异较大;溶栓不是中药材淡豆豉的主要功效。

Is Soya Bad or Good?

Consumed in many traditional Asian populations for millennia,soya has only been a common part of the Western diet for around 60 years.Now,many of our supermarkets are full of soy milk alternatives, soy burgers and other soya-based meat replacements-not to mention traditional soy-based products like tofu,tempeh,soya milk,miso and soya sauce.

The Influence of Forage/Concentrate Ratio and Full Fat Soya By-Pass Supplementation on the Fatty Acids Profile from the Carcase of Fatting Lambs

There was organized a 2×2 factorial type experience in which it has been aimed the influence of forage/concentrates ratio and the effect of supplementing the ratio with full fat soya by-pass （FFS） on the production performance and carcass fatty acid profile of fattening lambs. 32 Tsigai lambs were divided into 4 groups and were fed with 2 different diets regarding the forage/concentrates ratio （35/65 and 65/35, on a DM basis）, containing or not 5% FFS （full fat soya treated with formaldehyde 12.5%）. Including FFS in diet and the ratios rich in concentrates determined a significant improvement in weight gain （P〈0.01）, in the degree of food recovery and in fatty acid profile from the carcass. It has been significantly increased （P〈0.01） the weight of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） from intramuscular fat （longissimus dorsi-LD and femoral biceps-FB） and the deposit fat （subcutaneous-SC and perirenal-PR） and decreased the proportion of saturated （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）. Most significant differences were recorded about PUFA from Omega-3 series （C18：3 n-3, EPA C22：3 n-3, DPA and DHA） and CLA isomers （conjugated linolenic acid： C 18：2 C9, tl I＋C 18：2 t10, C 12）. The best profile of fatty acids, considered in light of the influence on human health （high concentration of Omega 3 fatty acids and CLA and low in SFA） was established in LD, for lambs fed with diets high in concentrates and which contained FFS （HC/S）.

炮制辅料黑豆的历史沿革及研究进展

梳理自汉代以来有关黑豆功效的记载,并对黑豆参与何首乌、川乌、附子等中药的炮制进行总结,探究黑豆在炮制过程中发挥的增效、减毒功效。目前对黑豆化学成分的研究主要集中于花色苷和大豆异黄酮。黑豆的现代药理作用主要集中于调节激素水平、乌发益智、清除自由基、改善血脂代谢、防癌抗癌、改善骨质疏松等方面。黑豆具有潜在的生物学特性,广泛应用于医药、食品行业,具有较高的经济价值,对其进行深入研究,是当前的开发重点。

黑豆7S球蛋白提取工艺及抑制淀粉酶特性研究

为探究黑豆中7S球蛋白在抑制α-淀粉酶活性方面的作用,采用碱提酸沉法提取黑豆7S球蛋白,运用Box-Behnken响应面试验优化提取工艺,并探究其在温度及酸碱度等方面的稳定特性。结果表明:在提取液料比13∶1(mL/g)、pH 4.8、氯化钠浓度0.16 mol/L条件下,黑豆7S球蛋白对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果最好。该蛋白为热敏性蛋白,30~60℃时对α-淀粉酶有良好的抑制活性,pH 3~9时具有较好的酸碱耐受性。7S球蛋白质量浓度为0~20 mg/mL时,对α-淀粉酶的抑制率表现出线性正相关性;淀粉质量浓度对α-淀粉酶抑制活性的影响不大,这可能跟黑豆7S球蛋白对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型有关。黑豆7S球蛋白可作为一种天然活性物质用于抑制淀粉酶活性方面的研究。

豆粕替代在肉牛养殖中的应用

豆粕已逐步成为制约肉牛生产成本控制、影响我国畜牧业稳定发展的重要因素。本文基于豆粕的营养价值,对饼粕、糟渣、尿素以及饲草在肉牛养殖豆粕替代中的应用实例和注意事项进行了综述,以期为肉牛日粮中豆粕替代提供实践借鉴,为低豆粕日粮研发提供参考,助力豆粕减量替代行动的推行。

轧制和3D打印316L不锈钢与黄豆对磨的干摩擦磨损性能

3D打印不锈钢部件逐渐在食品机械领域得到应用,其与食品对磨的摩擦学性能需要加以关注。在干摩擦条件下,利用滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究了黄豆试样分别与轧制和3D打印316L不锈钢配副的干摩擦磨损性能。利用光学相机、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计和质构仪,对不锈钢试样表面形貌、不锈钢硬度、黄豆硬度和磨损表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明:3D打印316L不锈钢与黄豆对磨时,摩擦因数的变化趋势较为平缓,第1 h和第6 h的平均摩擦因数分别为1.04和0.68;而对于轧制316L不锈钢,其磨合阶段更加剧烈,第1 h和第6 h的平均摩擦因数分别为1.70和0.46;与轧制工艺相比,3D打印316L不锈钢的耐磨性能更好,其在第1 h的磨痕宽度降低幅度达40%左右;黄豆试样的磨斑边缘和不锈钢磨痕表面均有黑色氧化物粉末出现,3D打印不锈钢磨损表面的黏着形貌和犁沟数量均显著减少;干摩擦条件下轧制316L不锈钢和黄豆配副的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而3D打印316L不锈钢和黄豆配副时,其磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,这与其表面硬度更高有关。

含Mxene新型纳米流体太阳能托盘的数值研究

本研究通过计算研究了Mxene-大豆油纳米流体在单个太阳能托盘中的热学和流体行为。太阳能托盘具有输入口和输出口。在稳定的热通量下,将Mxene纳米流体以不同的体积浓度泵送通过太阳能板。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)流体流动辐射模型,利用太阳能板模拟Mxene纳米流体的热物理实验数据。研究了温度、内能、努塞尔数、传热速率、表面传热系数和表面摩擦因数等热力学和流体力学参数的影响。对于Mxene纳米流体,出口温度、内能和表面摩擦因数的最大增幅分别为3.46%、1.2%和11%。太阳能板的效率提高了30%~32%。此外,新开发的Mxene纳米流体具有很好的热应用前景,热物性能也经过方差分析得到证实。

豆粕植酸降解菌的筛选及发酵优化

为研究红树林中的菌株对豆粕中抗营养因子植酸的降解效果,本试验从红树林根系土壤中分离筛选到一株可降解植酸的菌株,编号为aA8,经形态、生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列检测分析确定该菌株为右旋乳酸芽孢乳杆菌(Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus)。对菌株aA8的产酶能力进行探讨,并将aA8接种于以豆粕为唯一氮源培养基中,采用L16(45)正交试验,对aA8植酸降解率进行优化。结果表明:植酸降解率由15.3%提高到89.1%;其最佳发酵条件为发酵碳源蔗糖,37℃发酵24 h,接种量10%(V/m),料水比1:1.2。结果显示,aA8可高效降解豆粕中的植酸,有利于提高豆粕的营养效价及饲用价值,为活体养殖中以豆粕为原料进行饲喂提供了理论基础。