Solving the Olbers’s Paradox, Explaining the “Red-Shift”, and Challenging the Relativities by “Sun Matters Theory” and “Sun Model of Universe”, an Evolution of the Einstein’s Static Universe Model

Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.

Jovian Planet Influence on the Forcing of Sunspot Cycles

The history of our solar system has been greatly influenced by the fact that there is a large gas giant planet, Jupiter that has a nearly circular orbit. This has allowed relics of the early solar system formation to still be observable today. Since Jupiter orbits the Sun with a period of approximately 12 years, it has always been thought that this could be connected to the nearly 11-year periodic peak in the number of sunspots observed. In this paper, the Sun and planets are considered to be moving about a center of mass point as the different planets orbit the Sun. This is the action of gravity that holds the solar system together. The center of mass for the Jupiter-Sun system actually lies outside the Sun. The four gas giant planets dominate such effects and the four gas giant Jovian planets can be projected together to determine an effective distance from the Sun’s center. Taken together these effects do seem to function as a sunspot forcing factor with a periodicity very close to 11 years. These predictions are made without consideration of any details of what is happening in the interior of the Sun. From these estimates, sunspot cycle 25 will be expected to peak in about September-October of 2025. Sunspot cycle 26 should peak in the year March of 2037.

Variation in the Flaring Potential of Different Sunspot Groups During Different Phases of Solar Cycles 23 and 24

In this present study,we have analyzed different types of X-ray solar flares(C,M,and X classes)coming out from different classes of sunspot groups(SSGs).The data which we have taken under this study cover the duration of 24 yr from 1996 to 2019.During this,we observed a total of 15015 flares(8417 in SC-23 and 6598 in SC-24)emitted from a total of 33780 active regions(21746 in SC-23 and 12034 in SC-24)with sunspot only.We defined the flaring potential or flare-production potential as the ratio of the total number of flares produced from a particular type of SSG to the total number of the same-class SSGs observed on the solar surface.Here we studied yearly changes in the flaring potential of different McIntosh class groups of sunspots in different phases of SC-23 and 24.In addition,we investigated yearly variations in the potential of producing flares by different SSGs(A,B,C,D,E,F,and H)during different phases(ascending,maximum,descending,and minimum)of SC-23 and 24.These are our findings:(1)D,E,and F SSGs have the potential of producing flares≥8 times greater than A,B,C and H SSGs;(2)The larger and more complex D,E,and F SSGs produced nearly 80%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(3)The A,B,C and H SSGs,which are smaller and simpler,produced only 20%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(4)The biggest and most complex SSGs of F-class have flaring potential 1.996 and 3.443 per SSG in SC-23 and 24,respectively.(5)The potential for producing flares in each SSG is higher in SC-24 than in SC-23,although SC-24 is a weaker cycle than SC-23.(6)The alterations in the number of flares(C+M+X)show different time profiles than the alterations in sunspot numbers during SC-23 and 24,with several peaks.(7)The SSGs of C,D,E,and H-class have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of both SC-23 and 24.(8)F-class SSGs have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of SC-23 but also in the maximum phase of SC-24.

Dark Galaxies, Sun-Earth-Moon Interaction, Tunguska Event—Explained by WUM

Great experimental results and observations achieved by Astronomy in the last decades revealed new unexplainable phenomena. Astronomers have conclusive new evidence that a recently discovered “dark galaxy” is, in fact, an object the size of a galaxy, made entirely of dark matter. They found that the speed of the Earth’s rotation varies randomly each day. 115 years ago, the Tunguska Event was observed, and astronomers still do not have an explanation of It. Main results of the present article are: 1) Dark galaxies explained by the spinning of their Dark Matter Cores with the surface speed at equator less than the escape velocity. Their Rotational Fission is not happening. Extrasolar systems do not emerge;2) 21-cm Emission explained by the self-annihilation of Dark Matter particles XIONs (5.3 μeV);3) Sun-Earth-Moon Interaction explained by the influence of the Sun’s and the Moon’s magnetic field on the electrical currents of the charged Geomagma (the 660-km layer), and, as a result, the Earth’s daylength varies;4) Tunguska Event explained by a huge atmospheric explosion of the Superbolide, which was a stable Dark Matter Bubble before entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

The Decay Process of an α-configuration Sunspot

The decay of sunspot plays a key role in magnetic flux transportation in solar active regions(ARs).To better understand the physical mechanism of the entire decay process of a sunspot,an α-configuration sunspot in AR NOAA 12411 was studied.Based on the continuum intensity images and vector magnetic field data with stray light correction from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager,the area,vector magnetic field and magnetic flux in the umbra and penumbra are calculated with time,respectively.Our main results are as follows:(1) The decay curves of the sunspot area in its umbra,penumbra,and whole sunspot take the appearance of Gaussian profiles.The area decay rates of the umbra,penumbra and whole sunspot are-1.56 MSH day^(-1),-12.61 MSH day^(-1) and-14.04 MSH day^(-1),respectively;(2) With the decay of the sunspot,the total magnetic field strength and the vertical component of the penumbra increase,and the magnetic field of the penumbra becomes more vertical.Meanwhile,the total magnetic field strength and vertical magnetic field strength for the umbra decrease,and the inclination angle changes slightly with an average value of about 20°;(3) The magnetic flux decay curves of the sunspot in its umbra,penumbra,and whole sunspot exhibit quadratic patterns,their magnetic flux decay rates of the umbra,penumbra and whole sunspot are-9.84 × 10^(19)Mx day^(-1),-1.59 × 10^(20)Mx day^(-1) and -2.60 × 10^(20)Mx day^(-1),respectively.The observation suggests that the penumbra may be transformed into the umbra,resulting in the increase of the average vertical magnetic field strength and the reduction of the inclination angle in the penumbra during the decay of the sunspot.

The Sun’s Rotation Appears Differential plus Other New Views

This is a fresh perspective on the sun that considers its huge spherical size in relation to the finite speed of light. The sun is so extended that it takes light approximately 2.32 seconds to travel from the plane of the solar limb to the plane tangential to the sun at the solar disc’s center. The aforementioned information is utilized in this study to support the new viewpoints. Firstly, it is shown that the solar disc is a simultaneous view of successively emitted coaxial spherical circles. Secondly, despite the fact that the sun is gaseous, it is thought to revolve completely as a rigid body at a fixed angular speed, yet an observer on Earth sees it rotate differentially. In a simple mathematical approach, it is found that the sun’s rotational speed apparently decreases with latitude. Thirdly, a qualitative examination of how we observe simultaneous whole-surface brightness changes of the sun and sunlike stars indicates that such changes would appear to spread out radially from the center of the solar disc.

Study of coexisting upstream solitary wave packet and downstream wakes induced by Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands detected by satellite sun glitter

Taking the advantage of sun glitter(SG)observed from high-resolution satellites Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6),a new method named Shield and Vortex 1-2(SAV1-2)for extracting spatial texture information from sun glitter was established.Sea surface texture detail information around Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands was extracted using SAV1-2.Meanwhile,the dynamic characteristics of the water environment were analyzed by combining the water color,temperature and dynamic data.The results show the following information.(1)Stable westward shield effect and eastward Karman vortex streets,extracted from SG,appear upstream(westward)and downstream(eastward)of the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands respectively.(2)The dominant direction of the Kuroshio Current in the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands area is east,the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands interacting with Kuroshio,inducing western shield and eastern shelter and wake.Furthermore,wave intervals of the shield in front of the island range from hundreds to thousands of metres,and extend wider than the island itself.(3)Combining with high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST)and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration,the directional changes of water color elements are mutually supported and proved with the stable shield(wave packet)effect in the west and vortex street effect in the east.The change of SST upstream of the island(western shield area)is not significant,the temperature in the downstream shelter area decreases slightly,and the SST in the downstream wake area shows a general trend of obvious decrease.The wake area is dominated by Karman vortex streets in shape,supplementing by vortices.The concentration of Chl a in the west shield of island is as low as that in downstream shelter area,while it increases significantly in the downstream wake area with shape in eddy or ribbon.(4)The SAV methods of extracting sea surface texture detail using SG can be widely used in different sea areas and water quality.This paper can provide reference for the protection and development of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands and its surrounding waters.It is suggested that some kind of current buffer,such as marine wind farm,should be established in the western waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands to protect the islands,and marine pasture should be developed in the downstream of eastern waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands.

孙海波咽部刺营辨治慢性咽炎经验撷菁

慢性咽炎是咽部黏膜及黏膜下和淋巴组织的慢性炎症,是耳鼻喉科常见病、多发病,属中医学“喉痹”范畴。孙海波教授致力于中医耳鼻喉科临床40余年,对慢性咽炎诊疗经验丰富,根据本病的发病特点,认为病机关键为“阳虚、气郁、痰阻、血瘀”所致,四者既是致病因素,也是咽喉诸症的病理变化结果,在疾病的发展过程中往往相互转化,互为因果,致使病情迁延,症状反复。临证根据咽部黏膜颜色、触诊弹性、血管是否充血、淋巴滤泡形态进行咽部局部辨证,同时结合全身症候辨证施治。擅长运用针刀咽部刺营通阳、化滞、散瘀,同时配合温阳行气、健脾化痰、祛瘀通络中药辨证治疗,临床疗效显著。并提出针刀咽部刺营的操作技巧及注意事项,便于临床推广应用。

Equilibrium Energy and Entropy of Vortex Filaments in the Context of Tornadogenesis and Tornadic Flows

In this work, we study approximations of supercritical or suction vortices in tornadic flows and their contribution to tornadogenesis and tornado maintenance using self-avoiding walks on a cubic lattice. We extend the previous work on turbulence by A. Chorin and collaborators to approximate the statistical equilibrium quantities of vortex filaments on a cubic lattice when both an energy and a statistical temperature are involved. Our results confirm that supercritical (smooth, “straight”) vortices have the highest average energy and correspond to negative temperatures in this model. The lowest-energy configurations are folded up and “balled up” to a great extent. The results support A. Chorin’s findings that, in the context of supercritical vortices in a tornadic flow, when such high-energy vortices stretch, they need to fold and transfer energy to the surrounding flow, contributing to tornado maintenance or leading to its genesis. The computations are performed using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach with a simple sampling algorithm using local transformations that allow the results to be reliable over a wide range of statistical temperatures, unlike the originally used pivot algorithm that only performs well near infinite temperatures. Efficient ways to compute entropy are discussed and show that a system with supercritical vortices will increase entropy by having these vortices fold and transfer their energy to the surrounding flow.

SunStone公司接收了中国造环保型无限级远征游轮

美国远征游轮船东太阳石船舶(Sunstone Ships),即太阳石海事集团(SunStone Maritime Group)的子公司已接收2艘生态友好型无限级(Infinity-class)远征游轮“Ocean Odyssey”号和“Sylvia Earle”号。该海洋信天翁(Ocean Albatros)级第六艘远征游轮的龙骨于2022年1月铺设。该无限级船舶长104 m,宽18 m,吃水5.1 m,载客量130~200人,船员容量85~115人。

利用纤维素工业废丝/胶高效制备再生纤维素纳米晶

为解决再生纤维素工业丝的废丝以及生产过程中的废丝/胶的再利用问题,设计了以再生纤维素工业废丝或废丝/胶为原料高效制备再生纤维素纳米晶(RCNC)的方法,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和原子力显微镜等方法,对比了利用新溶剂法再生纤维素工业废丝/胶、粘胶再生纤维素工业废丝和浆粕制得的RCNC、CNC的结构性能上的区别。结果表明:新溶剂法再生纤维素工业丝废丝/胶高取向度、高结晶度和结构简单的特性使其可以在更温和的条件下酸解,制备的RCNC得率高达到65.09%,远大于以浆粕为原料制备CNC的得率,且具有更高的结晶度。与粘胶纤维素工业废丝制得的RCNC相比,两者具有相似的尺寸与形貌,都为纳米级的棒状结构,长度和长径比分别为93 nm±26 nm和35±20,表明此方法对于不同来源的纤维素工业丝废丝具有一定的普适性。

Si3N4工程陶瓷基底金刚石涂层生长规律及性能

为了避免氮化硅材料因产生裂纹或延伸破裂等造成的失效,利用热丝化学气相沉积法(Hot filament chemical vapor deposition,HFCVD)在氮化硅基底上沉积具有高硬度的金刚石涂层,采用单因素影响试验,分别探究碳源浓度、腔室压力、基底温度对金刚石成膜过程的影响机制,探究微米和纳米金刚石涂层的最优生长工艺参数。利用拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同参数制备出的金刚石的形核、表面形貌、薄膜质量、表面粗糙度等进行表征,利用洛氏硬度计分析膜基结合力。结果表明,腔室压力越大,活性物质到达基底的动能越小,不利于金刚石的成核和生长。生长速率和表面粗糙度主要受甲烷浓度的影响:甲烷浓度从1%到7%,生长速率从0.84μm/h上升到1.32μm/h;表面粗糙度Ra从53.4 nm降低到23.5 nm;甲烷浓度过高导致涂层脱落严重,膜基结合力变差;晶面形貌和金刚石含量受到基底温度的影响较为明显,随着温度升高,金刚石质量提高。综合基底温度、腔室压力对金刚石涂层的影响,确定最佳生长温度为900℃,气压为1 kPa。调节甲烷浓度1%为微米金刚石;甲烷浓度5%为纳米金刚石。研究方法可以优化在陶瓷基底上制备具有优异性能的金刚石薄膜的制备参数。

养殖池塘丝状藻发生关键因子调查

以水绵和刚毛藻为代表的丝状藻广泛存在于各种自然水体和养殖水体,其过度生长对水体环境和养殖动物构成威胁。为探究丝状藻发生的关键因子,实验通过走访调查,筛选了5组环境相同且隶属同一家养殖户的有丝状藻池塘和无丝状藻池塘,重点对水质、底泥生物可利用性氮磷含量及丝状藻繁殖体进行了检测分析。结果显示,5组有丝状藻塘、无丝状藻塘整体水体氮磷水平无显著差异,而有4组无丝状藻塘叶绿素a含量显著高于有丝状藻塘。5组有丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性氮含量为(15.72±3.60)mg/kg,而无丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性氮为(13.22±1.97)mg/kg,较前者低2.50 mg/kg。5组有丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性磷含量为(72.26±10.57)mg/kg,无丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性磷含量为(50.33±12.62)mg/kg,较前者低21.93 mg/kg。底泥生物可利用性氮磷比在5组中均小于0.5,而无丝状藻塘平均较有丝状藻塘高26.32%。低氮磷比会抑制浮游藻类的繁殖,而丝状藻则对低氮及低氮磷比环境具有较强的适应能力。因此,在养殖开始时,底泥低氮及低氮磷比的条件使得浮游藻类在与丝状藻的初期生态位竞争中处于劣势,即使检测到的浮游藻类OTUs数量高于丝状藻繁殖体,也不能使其在上述条件下成为优势种。另外,对丝状藻繁殖体的检测发现,其广泛存在于有丝状藻塘、无丝状藻塘及水源的水体和底泥中,即使清塘、晒塘依然检测到繁殖体的存在,但清塘、晒塘能够减少丝状藻繁殖体的数量。研究表明,单独依靠生石灰或漂白粉清塘并不能完全杜绝丝状藻的发生,但可以作为一个辅助防控措施,而通过调控养殖系统的生物可利用氮含量及氮磷比左右种间生态位竞争则是一个值得深入研究的、有前景的丝状藻防控方向。本实验结果对养殖池塘的丝状藻防控研究和生产实践具有重要的参考价值。

盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗阿尔茨海默病的效果

目的 观察盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床效果。方法 选取2022年9月至2023年9月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院哈南分院针灸门诊收治的90例AD患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组、对照A组、对照B组,各30例。对照A组给予口服盐酸多奈哌齐治疗,对照B组行孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗,观察组为盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法治疗,均治疗8周。评价其临床疗效。比较三组治疗前及治疗后4、8周简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、阿尔茨海默病认知评估量表(ADAS-cog)和日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果 观察组临床疗效优于对照A组及对照B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组治疗后4、8周MMSE评分高于治疗前,ADAS-cog、ADL评分和血清Hcy水平低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组治疗后8周MMSE评分高于治疗后4周,ADAS-cog、ADL评分和血清Hcy水平低于治疗后4周,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后8周,观察组MMSE评分高于对照A组和对照B组,ADAS-cog、ADL评分和血清Hcy水平低于对照A组和对照B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论盐酸多奈哌齐联合孙氏经颅重复针刺法可改善轻中度AD患者的认知功能及行为能力,降低血清Hcy水平,且效果优于单纯口服多奈哌齐和孙氏经颅重复针刺法,值得临床推广。

基于偏振特征区域分解的耀光抑制方法

海面探测领域中,太阳耀光导致光电探测设备大面积像元饱和,严重妨碍了海面目标的信息采集工作。为了对太阳耀光进行抑制,提出基于偏振特征区域分解的耀光抑制方法。该方法通过分析探测器对偏振数据的采集情况,将耀光区域进行特征分解。对偏振非饱和耀光区域,通过完全偏振分解方法解算去偏振分量图像,滤除部分反射光,恢复耀光遮蔽区域场景信息。同时设置灰度容限,剥离偏振饱和耀光区域。针对偏振饱和耀光区域采集数据失真的问题,采用FMM图像修复算法,将非耀光区域水面信息扩散到耀光区域,重建灰度数据。本文在室内搭建耀光模拟及偏振成像平台,对采集图像进行算法测试。实验结果表明:抑制后的图像,饱和像素数平均降低了99.98%,基本消除了饱和像素。同时灰度均值降低了59.35%,并显著提高了信噪比。验证了本文方法对耀光杂波抑制的有效性与可行性。

文化符号的传播与共享——以夏鲁寺、贡嘎曲德寺日月图像为例

西藏地区的夏鲁寺与贡嘎曲德寺壁画中均出现了以金乌、玉兔代表日与月的图像。金乌与玉兔图像是中原文化用来表示日与月的固定图式。自汉朝时期由西王母神话与民间信仰不断糅合产生,唐代时被吸收进佛教图像体系中,后期随着藏传佛教的兴盛与文化交流的频繁,藏传佛教绘画吸收了这种日月图像母题。西藏壁画艺术中的日月图像,不仅更新了藏传佛教艺术的表达范式,而且图像意义也突破了单纯宗教艺术的阐释,凸显了中央皇权的在场。夏鲁寺与贡嘎曲德寺壁画中的日月图像是汉藏文化交往交流交融的结果,彰显了元明时期各民族之间的频繁互动,以及多元文化交流下文化符号互融互生的整体性社会结构。

纬编电热针织物设计和性能评价

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血清长链非编码RNA肌动蛋白纤维相关蛋白1-反义RNA1水平与钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄病人左心室功能的相关性研究

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孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病的经验探析

孙克伟教授在长期临床诊治中总结发现,多种肝病殊途同归,提出“补脾土,疏肝解郁”“逐湿邪,热无所依”“补先天,解毒袪邪”“调气血,瘀滞得化”“温脾阳,截断逆挽”的学术经验,临床应用效果显著。该文将从以上五法探析孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病经验,旨在为肝病中医诊疗提供参考和借鉴。

“人心”存在之疑:《克拉拉与太阳》的现实主义解读

文章从技法与主题两方面,解读石黑一雄的小说《克拉拉与太阳》中对传统现实主义的超越。在技法层面,主要体现为用丰满的人物塑造体现人性的复杂、非人的第一人称叙事引发思考两个方面;在主题层面,主要体现为将小说的内涵从批判社会现实深入到揭露人心、从关注当下社会现实拓展到警示未来生存危机两个方面。在对现实主义的超越中,作者发出了尖锐而又现实的“人心”存在之疑,警示读者在人机共存的必然历史发展趋势下,如何重拾“人心”的主体性和不可替代性成为亟待解决的问题。