Effects of drive imbalance on the particle emission from a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice

Time-periodic driving has been an effective tool in the field of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics,which enables precise control of the particle interactions.We investigate the collective emission of particles from a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice with periodic drives that are separate in modulation amplitudes and relative phases.In addition to the enhancement of particle emission,we find that amplitude imbalances lead to energy shift and band broadening,while typical relative phases may give rise to similar gaps.These results offer insights into the specific manipulations of nonequilibrium quantum systems with tone-varying drives.

Mechanical responses and acoustic emission behaviors of coal under compressive differential cyclic loading(DCL):a numerical study via 3D heterogeneous particle model

The stability of coal walls(pillars)can be seriously undermined by diverse in-situ dynamic disturbances.Based on a 3D par-ticle model,this work strives to numerically replicate the major mechanical responses and acoustic emission(AE)behaviors of coal samples under multi-stage compressive cyclic loading with different loading and unloading rates,which is termed differential cyclic loading(DCL).A Weibull-distribution-based model with heterogeneous bond strengths is constructed by both considering the stress-strain relations and AE parameters.Six previously loaded samples were respectively grouped to indicate two DCL regimes,the damage mechanisms for the two groups are explicitly characterized via the time-stress-dependent variation of bond size multiplier,and it is found the two regimes correlate with distinct damage patterns,which involves the competition between stiffness hardening and softening.The numerical b-value is calculated based on the mag-nitudes of AE energy,the results show that both stress level and bond radius multiplier can impact the numerical b-value.The proposed numerical model succeeds in replicating the stress-strain relations of lab data as well as the elastic-after effect in DCL tests.The effect of damping on energy dissipation and phase shift in numerical model is summarized.

New Insight to the Surface Temperature of the Sun

Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, the solar spectrum data measured by Kondratyev lead to a value of at least 7134 K. Such a higher value can be obtained by interpreting the Planck formula for the black radiation spectrum for the Kondratyev data. In addition, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was determined to be 0.431. Furthermore, based on Petela’s formulae for exergy of thermal radiation, the exergetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was also calculated at the level of 0.426.

Dark Galaxies, Sun-Earth-Moon Interaction, Tunguska Event—Explained by WUM

Great experimental results and observations achieved by Astronomy in the last decades revealed new unexplainable phenomena. Astronomers have conclusive new evidence that a recently discovered “dark galaxy” is, in fact, an object the size of a galaxy, made entirely of dark matter. They found that the speed of the Earth’s rotation varies randomly each day. 115 years ago, the Tunguska Event was observed, and astronomers still do not have an explanation of It. Main results of the present article are: 1) Dark galaxies explained by the spinning of their Dark Matter Cores with the surface speed at equator less than the escape velocity. Their Rotational Fission is not happening. Extrasolar systems do not emerge;2) 21-cm Emission explained by the self-annihilation of Dark Matter particles XIONs (5.3 μeV);3) Sun-Earth-Moon Interaction explained by the influence of the Sun’s and the Moon’s magnetic field on the electrical currents of the charged Geomagma (the 660-km layer), and, as a result, the Earth’s daylength varies;4) Tunguska Event explained by a huge atmospheric explosion of the Superbolide, which was a stable Dark Matter Bubble before entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

A study on particle breakage behavior during pile penetration process using acoustic emission source location

Particle breakage is a common occurrence in granular systems when the external stress exceeds the individual particle strength.A large number of experimental evidences suggested that particle breakage may significantly influence the soil behavior.In the case of pile foundations,the subsoil below the pile tip experiences considerable high stress and consequently prone to break.Due to the lack of sufficient understanding on particle breakage mechanism,there is currently no consentaneous theoretical background for particle breakage analysis during the pile penetration process.This study aims to clarify the location of particle breakage and its evolving characteristics with the aid of acoustic emission(AE)source location method.The spatial distribution of AE hypocenters is interpreted to be associated with the mechanism of particle breakage.Results showed that the AE sources were not uniformly distributed,but concentrated within certain zones below the pile tip.This AE concentration zone was pushed downward with the advancing pile tip,and its distance from the real time pile tip position decreased after certain depth of pile penetration.The location of particle breakage interpreted from AE source location was verified with posttest excavations and the insights on the particle breakage evolution zone were further discussed.

Impact of Aromatic Concentration in Marine Fuels on Particle Emissions

The fuel sulfur content in marine fuels has been regulated in Sulfur Emission Control Areas(SECAs) since January 2015. However, other fuel characteristics are also believed to have an impact on particle emissions, particularly on the number of particles emitted. This study investigates the impact of the content of aromatics in fuel. To achieve fuel blends with concentrations of aromatics similar to those found in marine fuel oils, i.e. 20%–30% by volume(%vol.), normal diesel oil(4%–5% vol. aromatics) is doped with a mixture of aromatics. Emission measurements are conducted in test-bed engine facilities and particle emissions over a wide size range are analyzed. Results show a decreased number of particles emitted(or not change) with an increase in the aromatic concentration in fuel. This is because there is a reduction in the cetane number of the fuel with an increased aromatic content, which effects the combustion process and results in decreased particle formation. However, when ignition improver is used to increase the cetane number, particle emissions remain at a lower level than for normal diesel oil; thereby emphasizing the presence of other factors in the formation of particles.

Azimuthal distributions of final-state particles and fragments and transverse structure of emission source in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

The azimuthal distributions of final-state particles and fragments produced in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are described by a modified multisource ideal gas model which contains the expansions and movements of the emission sources. The transverse structures of the sources are given in the transverse plane by momentum components Px and Py, and described by parameters in the model. The results of the azimuthal distributions, calculated by the Monte Carlo method, are in good agreement with the experimental data in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies.

Particles Emission from Gasoline Vehicles

Number concentration and size distribution from gasoline ears are investigated at transient modes on the chassis dynamometers, which are measured using electrical low pressure impactor （ELPI） for the ECE15 and EUDC cycles. Results indicate that, during cold start, particle number emission is higher than that under hot start. It is found that the number of particles increases with the vehicle speeds. Furthermore, particles with diameter smaller than 200 nm constitute the predominant part of total emission in the entire cycle. In addition, the tentative information about composition of emitted particles is also discussed.

Effects of Biochar Particle Size on Methane Emissions from Rice Cultivation

Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed.This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH_(4) production,oxidation,and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil,based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects.Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons,either with 0.5–2 mm(small,SB)or with 2–4 mm(large,LB)biochar.The results show that both sizes of biochar increased soil pH and redox potential(Eh)during rice growth.Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC),nitrate(NO^(−)_(3)),and sulfate(SO^(2−)_(4))also increased under both biochar amendments,but size effects were not observed.SB and LB suppressed the abundance of CH_(4) producers(methanogens)but stimulated the abundance of CH_(4) consumers(methanotrophs).The increase of soil Eh and electron acceptors(NO^(−)_(3)and SO^(2−)_(4))indicated the increase in soil oxidation capacity is a barrier to CH_(4) production by methanogens in both biochar treatments.Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CH_(4) production activity was significantly(p≤0.05)reduced by 18.5%using SB and by 11.3%using LB compared to the control.In contrast,the stimulation of methanotrophs promoted greater CH_(4) oxidation activity by 15.0%in SB and 18.7%in LB compared to the control.It shows that CH_(4) production was reduced more by larger surface area biochar(SB),while a greater increase in CH_(4) oxidation was found using larger pore volume biochar(LB).The effects on CH_(4) production were more pronounced than those on CH_(4) oxidation,resulting in a greater reduction of cumulative CH_(4) emissions by SB than LB(by 26.6%and 19.9%compared to control,respectively).

Understanding the Mechanism of Nanoparticle Formation in a Wire Explosion Process by Adopting the Optical Emission Technique

In the present study nano-tungsten carbide particles were generated in a wire explosion process.The plasma generated during the wire explosion process was analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy（OES）.The impact of ambient pressure on the plasma temperature,electron density and plasma lifetime was studied.Lifetime variations of the plasma produced under different experimental conditions were analyzed.The produced nanoparticles were characterized through wide angle X-ray diffraction（WAXD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） studies. Particles produced with a negative DC charging voltage had a larger mean size when compared to a positive charging voltage.Polarity dependence on the plasma duration was observed where plasma was sustained for a longer duration with a negative DC charging voltage.

Experimental investigation on PM2.5 particle emission during polishing of granite

Particle emission during manufacturing processes, whether chemical, physical or mechanical can represent a serious danger for environment and for occupational safety. Especially machining processes, particle emission could have an important impact on shop floor air quality and might jeopardise workers’ health. It is therefore important to find ways of reducing the particle emission at the source of manufacturing processes. To do so, there is a need to know the size, the quantity and the distribution of particles produced by processes currently used in industry. In this study, investigations are done to compare the particle emission (PM2.5) when polishing two granites (black and white). The black granite contained low Si concentration (about 10% Si) and the white granite contained high Si concentration (about 50% Si). Particle emission was monitored using the DustTrak II equipment with 2.5 μm impactor. The particle grain size was evaluated using X-ray diffraction techniques. Machining conditions leading to the generation of finer particles were identified.

Ultrafine and fine particle emission in turning titanium metal matrix composite(Ti-MMC)

Titanium metal matrix composite(Ti-MMC)has excellent features and capabilities which can be considered a potential candidate to replace commercial titanium and superalloys within an extensive range of products and industrial sectors.Regardless of the superior features in Ti-MMC,however,referring to several factors including high unit cost and existence of rigid and abrasive ceramic particles in the generated matrices of the work part,the Ti-MMC is grouped as extremely difficult to cut with a poor level of machinability.Furthermore,adequate process parameters for machining Ti-MMCs under several lubrication methods are rarely studied.Therefore,adequate knowledge of this regard is strongly demanded.Among machinability attributes,ultrafine particles(UFPs)and fine particles(FPs)have been selected as the main machinability attributes and the factors leading to minimized emission have been studied.According to experimental observations,despite the type of coating used,the use of higher levels of flow rate led to less UFPs,while no significant effects were observed on UFPs.Under similar cutting conditions,higher levels of FPs were recorded under the use of uncoated inserts.Moreover,cutting speed had no significant influence on UFPs;nevertheless,it significantly affects the FPs despite the type of insert used.

Particle－particle Correlation and Emission Time for ^（40）Ar＋^（197）Au Collisions at 25MeV／u

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分级加载下不同骨料粒径的混凝土声发射波速分析

目前利用声发射技术对混凝土结构进行损伤定位时,采用固定表面波速进行损伤定位,没有考虑混凝土声发射信号是从混凝土内部传播出来以及混凝土材料在不同的阶段产生的损伤对声发射波速的影响,导致检测结果与实际产生一定的偏差。以3种不同类型的弹性波速变化将混凝土的损伤化为5个阶段。利用波速的变化结合经典材料损伤力学从而进行材料损伤的定量分析。通过试验结果分析得出:当水灰比一定时,随混凝土粗骨料粒径的增大弹性波波速呈上升的趋势,但波速上升的趋势随粒径的增大而相对减小。随着应力的增加,波速降低时,波速与应力阶段存在一定的线性关系。采用不同加载阶段波速的不同进行变波速定位,定位精度更接近实际损伤位置,可有效提高定位精度。试验得出的结果为混凝土桥梁结构无损检测提供了新的思路方向为其安全检测提供了参考价值。

基于低碳物流的危化品仓库堆垛布局优化研究

为保证危化品仓库安全的同时有效减少碳排放并提升经济效益,建立危险指数最小、物料搬运量最小和碳排放成本最小的危化品仓库堆垛布局多目标优化模型,采用改进的粒子群-禁忌搜索混合算法对模型进行求解。该算法在传统粒子群算法的基础上加入多点变异操作,并在粒子群算法得出解的基础上加入禁忌搜索算法,提高算法跳出局部最优解的能力。研究结果表明:利用本文建立的多目标优化模型及改进算法,危险指数、物料搬运量和碳排放成本均有所下降,解集质量较高,从而在保证危化品安全的情况下,有效降低物料搬运量及碳排放成本。研究结果可为危化品企业对仓库内部碳排放量的影响因素和数值计算以及危化品仓库安全性的界定提供参考与借鉴。

含二维和三维预制裂隙的脆性岩石试样的破坏特征数值验证

为模拟岩体中原生裂隙的真实破坏行为,基于含二维和三维预制裂隙的类岩石试样的单轴压缩试验开展了相应的离散元模拟研究。试验和模拟结果表明:内部次生破坏率先出现在内置二维裂隙下部和三维裂隙周围,且次生拉裂纹与预制裂隙在走向方向上完全平行呈条带状分布。裂隙倾角的增大对岩样的破坏有不同程度的影响,随着裂隙倾角逐渐减小,次生拉裂纹越来越明显,翼裂纹的曲率越来越大,内置三维裂隙附近的拉裂纹簇分布范围越来越大。同时,次生剪裂纹的产生也随着裂隙倾角的减小而发育越来越明显,连通性增强,试样越容易发生破坏,说明随着预制裂隙倾角在一定范围内减小,试样强度呈现递减趋势。

银耳多糖对麦醇溶蛋白纳米体系的影响及复合物的特性研究

该研究是以提高麦醇溶蛋白(gliadin,Gli)纳米颗粒(gliadin nanoparticles,GNPs)稳定性为目标,利用银耳多糖(Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides,TFPs)的乳化性能,探究TFPs添加量对GNPs稳定性的影响。采用反溶剂法制备银耳多糖和麦醇溶蛋白复合载体颗粒(gliadin-Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides composite nanoparticles,G/T NPs),并利用纳米粒度仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热场发射扫描电镜对G/T NPs的粒径和电位、相互作用、微观结构进行分析。结果表明,TFPs和Gli之间通过静电作用力和氢键作用力相结合,形成GNPs在内、TFPs外层附着的复合颗粒;TFPs的添加能够有效提高GNPs体系的稳定性,减少颗粒之间的聚集,制得的G/T_(4∶1)NPs的平均粒径、多分散指数(polydispersion index,PDI)、ζ-电位分别为(198.5±2.6)nm、0.269±0.005、(36.7±0.6)mV,且具有pH响应性。该研究为后续构建疏水营养成分的包埋和运载体系奠定了基础。

基于静电与声发射传感器的气送颗粒截面分布测量

通过气力管道输送固相物料颗粒的方式广泛存在于工业生产过程中。在大尺度气力输送管道中,颗粒流动状态复杂且分布不均,为精确表征管道内颗粒的流动状态,提出一种融合静电传感器和声发射传感器信息的气送颗粒参数分布测量方法。为了获得颗粒在管道横截面上局部参数信息,将边长为200 mm的方形管道横截面均分为16个静电测量区域和4个声发射测量区域。在30组不同的输送速度和质量流量条件下开展实验研究。结果表明,大尺度方形管道横截面上固相颗粒参数分布不均匀,速度分布情况符合渐扩管道流动规律。结合局部颗粒速度分析质量流量分布的测量结果,发现静电信号与声发射信号的均方根值所表征的颗粒相对质量流量分布变化趋势相同。

基于非齐次灰色模型的我国东部部分地区的碳排放预测

以2010—2019年东部部分地区的碳排放量为基础,通过量子粒子群算法对模型的未知参数进行寻优,建立了GM(1,1)模型、DGM(1,1)模型、FGM(1,1)模型和优化的灰色FQNGM(1,1,k)模型,利用这些模型对上海市、江苏省、浙江省和福建省的碳排放量进行了模拟和预测。通过对比,发现FQNGM(1,1,k)模型的模拟与预测精度最高。利用FQNGM(1,1,k)模型预测了上海市、江苏省、浙江省和福建省的碳排放量。

重型柴油机低温起动及暖机过程的颗粒排放特性

低温环境下重型柴油机起动过程碳烟颗粒排放较高,严重影响起动效率。柴油机的低温起动性能受冷却液和润滑油温度的影响,为揭示低温环境下柴油机起动过程的碳烟颗粒排放变化规律,通过单缸发动机台架试验,对起动和暖机过程不同初始水温油温条件下的缸内压力、碳烟烟度和颗粒物浓度排放进行测量。试验结果表明:发动机低温起动初期碳烟排放最高,随着起动和暖机过程中水温油温升高碳烟排放逐渐降低,聚集态颗粒数浓度降低,核态颗粒数浓度升高,总颗粒数浓度受核态颗粒主导而升高;低温起动时提高初始水温、油温,起动和暖机过程中碳烟排放降低,核态颗粒数浓度、粒径、表面积和质量均降低,聚集态颗粒数浓度降低,大尺寸聚集态颗粒增多使得颗粒表面积和质量升高;低温环境下提高加温锅的加热能力以升高初始水温油温,可降低起动过程的碳烟和颗粒数排放,有助于提高起动效率和减少环境污染。