Saffron(Crocus sativus L.) stigmas as a potential natural additive to improve oxidative stability attributes of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) oil stored under different conditions

The aim of our study was to explore the antioxidant potential of Moroccan saffron stigmas(SS) and examine their performance as a natural antioxidant in enhancing the stability and quality properties of edible sunflower oil(SO), with a focus on understanding the critical importance of edible oil stability for predicting quality deterioration during storage. Bearing this in mind, our research was designed to compare the efficacy of three concentrations of dried SS(at 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.6%) against tocobiol(a synthetic antioxidant) as a positive control(at 0.3% concentration). This comparison was conducted under three distinct storage conditions namely accelerated ageing(60 ℃), exposure to light at ambient temperature, and darkness, to evaluate their impact on preventing severe oxidation and extending oil shelf-life. Oxidation state evolution was evaluated through peroxide value(PV), free fatty acid(FFA), anisidine value(p-AV), K_(270)value(conjugated trienes), total oxidation index(TOTOX), iodine value(IV), and fatty acid composition(FA). Our results revealed notable differences in stability tracking parameters. Specifically, these parameters were higher in samples stored under accelerated conditions, followed by the samples stored in ambient light, while those stored in darkness showed the highest stability among the three storage conditions. Supplementation of sunflower oil with SS and tocobiol significantly enhanced its oxidation stability. Notably, SS exhibited exceptional effectiveness in stabilizing sunflower oil regardless of SS dose, with the highest efficacy observed at 0.6%. This was evidenced by the slower rate of oxidation parameters under various storage conditions, highlighting a superior antioxidant activity compared to both the non-enriched oil and tocobiol-enriched oil. Furthermore, saffron stigmas, used as a natural supplement,contributed to the preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating its potential as a robust source of natural antioxidants in sunflower oil. These attributes position SS as a promising alternative to synthetic antioxidants, offering opportunities to enhance the nutritional quality and extend edible oil shelf-life.

Effects of Exogenous Vc on Seed Germination and Physiological Properties of Oil Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) under Salt Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to provide the theoretical and technical basis for alleviating salt damages in production practice of oil sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. [Method] Seeds of oil sunflower were used as experimental materials and treated with 120 mmol/L NaCI solution and 0-200 mg/L Vc solution during the germina- tion process, to investigate the effects of exogenous Vc on seed germination and physiological properties of oil sunflower under salt stress. [Result] Under salt stress, with the increase of Vc concentration, germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and proline （Pro） content of oil sunflower seedlings increased first and then declined, which reached the maixmum in 80 mg/L Vc treatment, 120 mg/L Vc treatment and 80 mg/L Vc treatment, respectively; malondialdehyde （MDA） content of oil sunflower seedlings declined first and then increased, which reached the minimum in 160 mg/L Vc treatment. [Conclusion] To varying degrees, Vc could improve germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds and promote seedling growth under salt stress, thus alleviating the damages of salt stress to seed germination and seedling growth of oil sunflower.

Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the environment.In the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth attributes.Three different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p...

Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus Annuus</i>L.) Hybrids under Sub Humid Conditions of Pakistan

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has emerged as an economically important crop in Pakistan due to its significant share in vegetable oil production. The plant metabolic processes require protein to increase the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen fertilization available for plant use. A two-year field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009. The objective was to determine the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N1 = 0 kg·ha–1, N2 = 60 kg·ha–1, N3 = 120 kg·ha–1, N4 = 180 kg·ha–1 and N5 = 240 kg·ha–1) on three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38 and Poineer-64A93) in agro-climatic conditions of Gujranwala, a sub-humid region in the centre of the Punjab province of Pakistan. A randomized complete block design split plot experiment was set-up with cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. Results showed that Hysun-38 gave maximum TDM (15815 kg·ha–1) and maximum grain yield (3389 kg·ha–1), while minimum TDM (14640 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3125 kg·ha–1) was observed in Hysun-33. Among different N rates evaluated, N4 gave maximum TDM (17890 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3809 kg·ha–1) compared to the other N rates. The maximum oil content (46.2%) was observed in Hysun-38 without application of N fertilizer (N1), while the minimum oil content (40.6%) was observed from N5 treatment. In conclusion, the application of 180 kg·ha–1 N to Hysun-38 provided the best combination for good yield in sunflower crop under the prevailing sub-humid conditions of Pakistan.

Identification, characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA（dsRNA） molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus（HaEV）. Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region（UTR）, 3＇ UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly（A） tail. An open reading frame（ORF） that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids（aa） polyprotein with three domains： RdRP, Hel and UGT（UDP-glycosyltransferase）. HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.

Study on Petal-Sepal Mutant of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) after Space Mutation

In this paper, we studied the morphological, histological and photosynthetic characteristics of the stably inherited sunflower petal-sepal mutant, and it was obtained by the space radiation-induced mutagenesis. Afterwards, we got following results: 1) The morphological characteristics represented that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant maintained the appearance and structure of capitulum, whereas no explicit tubular flower or ligulate flower was differentiated. 2) The histological characteristics revealed that the petal-sepal mutant only completed the inflorescence development and the differentiation of sepal primordia and inflorescence primordia, without entering the differentiation stage of tubular flower primordia, ligulate flower primordia, stamen primordia or pistil primordia. 3) The photosynthetic characteristics showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of petal-sepal mutant were relatively weaker than the control plants. In the end, we concluded that the petal-sepal mutant of sunflower had only inflorescence differentiation, while several mutant genes were caused by radiation-induced mutation, which entered an infinitely recurrent development process rather than the floral differentiation stage. We also observed a few chloroplast structures in the paraffin section, combined with the results of photosynthetic characteristics of petal-sepal mutant, and then we believed that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant was involved in photosynthesis to accumulate energy for plant growth.

Evaluation of Three Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） Hybrids for Salt Tolerance in Vitro

This study aimed to induce callus from three sunflower （Helianthus annulus L.） hybrids, namely Anna, Alhaja and Kuds, and to evaluate their callus for salt stress tolerance. Cotyledons and hypocotyl were taken from seedling of these hybrids and cultured on MS media contained 2,4-D （0,0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L） and kinetin （0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L）. The cultures incubated at 25 ＋ I^C under light condition （1,000 Lux） for 16 h/day. After 6 weeks observations were taken on the response of cotyledons and hypocotyl to callus induction. The induced callus were cultured on the same MS media that contained appropriate concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus induction as well as contained various concentration of sodium chloride NaCI （0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%）. After six weeks callus fresh and dry weights, proline and total carbohydrates concentrations were measured. The results showed significant differences among the hybrids, explants, 2,4-D and kinetin concentration and significant interaction between them in their percentage response for callus induction. The results also revealed that fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced with increased NaCI concentration in the medium, hybrids showed significant differences in their response to salt stress. Proline and total carbohydrate concentration increased in callus as NaCI increased in the media. Significant interaction was showed between hybrids and NaCI concentration in these parameters.

Influences of Genotype and Explant on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）

In vitro regeneration was performed with the aim of developing efficient callus and shoot regeneration from different explants of sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）. The 6 genotypes （RHAI0, RHA 14, RHA15, PR6404, N Record 109/Sanay 3-5, N Record 109/Sera） were used as plant materials. The roots, hypocotyls and cotyledons were excised from 4 day-old seedlings and cultured on embryo induction medium （EIM） supplemented with Benzylaminopurine （BAP）, Naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and Gibberellic acid （GA3）. The experiments were kept in 18/6 hour light/dark photoperiod at 26± 2 ℃for four weeks. The rates of callus and root organ formation on explants were 67%-100% and 7%-31% respectively, depending on the genotype. Root explants produced statistically high callus formation （2.6 score） compared to cotyledon （2.0 score） and hypocotyl explants （2.5 score） at all sunflower genotypes used. The highest shoot regeneration was obtained from RHAI 5 （7%） while PR6404 （100%） produced the highest callus formation.

向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)对^(133)Cs、^(88)Sr的吸收和分布(英文)

通过盆栽试验研究了向日葵(Helianthus annuusL.)对土壤中不同处理浓度133Cs和88Sr的吸收,以及133Cs和88Sr在向日葵不同部位的分布。结果表明:随着处理浓度的增加,植物中133Cs或88Sr的含量增加。同一处理浓度下,88Sr含量约比133Cs含量高一个数量级1。33Cs和88Sr在植物不同部位分布不同。根部中133Cs含量高于植物的其他部位(茎、叶、花)。不同于133Cs在植物中的分布,88Sr除在根中的分布外,主要转运到了叶片1。33Cs和88Sr在向日葵体内的分布与目前对放射性137Cs和90Sr的研究结果相似,所以133Cs和88Sr可分别预测137Cs和90Sr的运转。向日葵是治理大面积低放核素污染土壤的较佳植物种类。

向日葵[Helianthus annuus(L.)]白花粉突变体遗传研究初报

向日葵[IIelianlhus anuus (L.)]是我国的重要经济作物。其花粉通常呈深浅程度不同的黄颜色。据我们掌握和查新资料,目前世界上尚未见有关白花粉方面的报道。1989年7月下旬至8月上旬,我们在吉林农业大学向日葵育种试验田的恢复系C8711群体中,先后发现4株白花粉突变体。暂分别定名为C8711—1、C8711—2、C8711—3和C8711—4。在进行人工套袋之前,此4株突变体已经在一定程度上发生了开放授粉,其中C8711—4开放授粉程度较轻。成熟时单独收获这4株突变体的种子,以进行有关遗传学研究,本文拟对白花粉突变的遗传学机理进行初步的探讨。

外源褪黑素对NaCl胁迫下向日葵种子萌发的影响

盐胁迫是影响作物产量和质量的非生物胁迫之一,褪黑素能有效提高植物应对盐胁迫的水平。本文以矮生向日葵为研究对象,以筛选出的0.25mol/LNaCl为胁迫浓度,通过测定种子萌发指标、膜脂过氧化程度、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性等,研究外源褪黑素对盐胁迫下向日葵种子萌发的生理调控机制。结果表明:随着褪黑素浓度的增加,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、可溶性蛋白质含量均呈先升后降趋势,其中25μmol/L的效果最佳。脯氨酸含量较对照不断增长,以100μmol/L的效果最佳。MDA含量较对照减少,以25μmol/L的抑制作用最为显著。不同浓度外源褪黑素对种子SOD、POD和CAT活力均有明显的增加,以25μmol/L的效果最为显著。综上所述,25μmol/L褪黑素可以作为向日葵种子萌发期对抗NaCl胁迫的有效预处理措施,本研究为褪黑素的利用和向日葵栽培调控提供依据。

Biometry and Water Consumption of Sunflower as Affected by NPK Fertilizer and Available Soil Water Content under Semiarid Brazilian Conditions

The present study evaluated the effect of NPK fertilization and available soil water levels on the biometric response and water use of sunflower cv. Embrapa 122-V2000. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba State, Brazil, during 2009 and 2010, in a semi-controlled greenhouse using the Eutrofic Regosol. The treatments were defined according to a Baconian matrix, with eleven doses of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and four available soil water levels. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design, with three replicates, in a total of 132 sample units. No effect of N and K was observed on plant height. However, it increased significantly with P levels. The stem diameter and the leaf area were affected by the N and K and not by the P. The number of leaves increased significantly with the amount of N, P and K fertilizer. Available soil water content increased significantly in all the variables studied. The best sunflower performance and water consumption were obtained with the 100:120:120 kg&middotha-1 NPK and 100% of the available soil water content treatment.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of seeds and flowers crude extracts of sunflower

Oil-producing crops,including Helianthus annuus L.(H.annuus,Sunflower),have been used for the treatment of different human diseases since ancient times.This study aims to determine the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of different polarities of seeds and flower extracts of locally grown H.annuus by well-established bioassays.To achieve the objects,the plant extracts were prepared from both flowers and seeds powder samples individually with methanol solvent by using a Soxhlet extraction method.The antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the flowers and seed extracts were determined by the in vitro diffusion and brine shrimp method(BSL).The results of the antimicrobial potential of both prepared flower and seed extracts of various polarities at different concentrations showed promising potential against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains,within the range of inhibition zone 0–20 mm.Among the flower extracts,the highest potential was obtained in water extract and the lowest potential was in butanol extract followed by water>ethyl acetate>hexane>methanol>chloroform>butanol extracts.However,from the seed extracts,the highest potential was obtained in water extract and the lowest potential was in the methanol extract followed by water>hexane>butanol>ethyl acetate>chloroform>methanol extract.On the other hand,the results of cytotoxicity among the flowers extracts against the brine shrimp method where the highest LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii were found to be 31.25μg/mL in water extract and the lowest LC50 was 1345.86μg/mL in chloroform extract followed by water>ethyl acetate>hexane>butanol>methanol>chloroform extract.Similarly,different polarities of seed extracts,the highest LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii was shown to be 109.56μg/mL in butanol extract and the lowest LC50 was 1513.56μg/mL in ethyl acetate extract followed by butanol>hexane>water>methanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate extract.In conclusion,the results showed that both flowers and seeds extracts at various concentrations have promising potential against the positive and negative bacterial strains and the highest potential water extract could be used as natural broad-spectrum antibiotics as herbal medicine to treat different human infectious diseases.

Occurrence of Alternaria leaf blight of sunflower caused by two closely related species Alternaria solani and A. tomatophila in Inner Mongolia

Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)is an important oilseed crop in China and is grown in rotation with potato in the northern parts of China,including Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Gansu,Jilin,Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces.In 2014,diseased samples of sunflower(variety 3638C)with black sunken lesions on bracts and stems of sunflower were collected in Wuchuan,Hohhot(41°50′N,111°27′E)and Chahaeryouyihouqi,Wulanchabu(41°52′N,113°0′E),Inner Mongolia,China.We used morphological and molecular techniques to identify the causal agent of Alternaria leaf blight.Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined phylogenetic dataset using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(gpd)and Alternaria major allergen gene(Alt a1)was done to support the morphological identification.In addition,PCR was performed with specific primers targeted on Alt a1 and calmodulin genes of A.solani and A.tomatophila.The results showed that HaAs7 gave an amplicon of the expected size(164 bp)with A.solani-specific primers,however,no band was observed with the A.tomatophilaspecific primers.The opposite pattern of PCR result(483 bp)was obtained with DNA of HaAt4 as template,indicating that HaAs7 is A.solani and HaAt4 is A.tomatophila.Furthermore,evaluation the pathogenicity of the recovered Alternaria isolates and their potential as causal agents of Alternaria leaf blight of sunflower was done.Pathogenicity tests showed that A.solani and A.tomatophila tested could be capable of causing Alternaria leaf blight of sunflower.Till now,nine species of Alternaria have been reported causing Alternaria leaf blight of sunflower,this is the first report that A.solani and A.tomatophila as causal pathogens for Alternaria leaf blight on sunflower.

油葵(Helianthus annuus)HaDGAT1基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

油葵(Helianthus annuus L.)种子富含不饱和脂肪酸,主要是亚油酸。亚油酸是人体必需的脂肪酸,能降低血液胆固醇,预防动脉粥样硬化,发挥抗癌作用。二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltrabsferase,DGAT)作为一种限速酶在油葵合成三酰甘油的过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过对油葵种子转录组测序,利用PCR方法成功克隆得到一个DGAT1基因的c DNA序列,命名为HaDGAT1。对油葵HaDGAT1基因进行生物信息学分析,发现油葵HaDGAT1基因CDS全长1 440 bp,共编码479个氨基酸,所编码蛋白的分子量为55.740 kD,理论等电点为9.24。油葵Ha DGAT1为疏水性蛋白,亚细胞定位预测在内质网膜上。该蛋白的二级结构中α螺旋(44.05%),β转角(1.88%),延伸链(13.36%)和无规则卷曲(40.71%),与预测的蛋白质三级结构一致。本研究为进一步深入了解HaDGAT1基因的功能和调控机制和利用基因工程技术调节油葵脂肪酸的含量、改良油葵油的品质提供了理论依据。

不同植物生长延缓剂对切花向日葵农艺性状的影响

以切花向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)品种圣骑士为试验材料,使用80 mg/L多效唑、200 mg/L矮壮素、100 mg/L缩节胺、20 mg/L烯效唑和800 mg/L丁酰肼进行叶面喷施,以清水作为对照,在达到采收成熟度后,对不同处理条件下切花向日葵茎、叶、花性状进行测定。结果表明,与CK相比,各处理在不同程度上降低了株高、重心、叶面积和叶柄长度,提高了茎干比、叶片厚度、叶绿素含量和花盘比重。80 mg/L多效唑处理的花盘直径增加13.4%,茎粗增加37.4%,20 mg/L烯效唑处理的花盘直径增加7.3%,茎粗增加17.3%,提升了切花品质。植物生长延缓剂可使切花向日葵植株高降低,重心下降,茎干比增大,叶柄缩短,叶片缩小增厚,叶绿素含量增加,切花品质提升,其中以多效唑和烯效唑处理综合效果较好。

铅胁迫对向日葵(Helianthus annuus)幼苗蛋白二级结构的影响

以不同浓度铅处理的向日葵HA300自交系幼苗为材料,运用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析铅胁迫下向日葵幼苗蛋白质二级结构的变化。结果表明:铅胁迫后向日葵幼苗根、茎、叶及全株的蛋白二级结构在酰胺Ⅰ区都有变化。较对照而言,根、茎在600 mg/L铅胁迫下蛋白二级结构均较稳定,有序结构分别增加了15.01%、16.45%;叶的蛋白二级结构在铅胁迫后无序结构相对含量增加,蛋白二级结构稳定性下降;在全株变化中,600 mg/L铅胁迫下蛋白二级结构较稳定,说明向日葵HA300幼苗能在一定浓度的铅胁迫下维持其蛋白二级结构的稳定性。本研究结果可以为逆境下向日葵幼苗生理机制的研究提供一定的科学依据。

油葵(Helianthus annuus L.)HaFAD2-9基因的克隆与表达分析

FAD2基因在植物脂肪酸的生物合成、发育和对非生物胁迫的响应中发挥重要作用。为探究油葵FAD2-9基因具体的生物学功能,本研究从油葵中克隆得到HaFAD2-9基因,对其生物信息学和表达模式进行分析。结果表明,HaFAD2-9基因的ORF全长为1 146 bp,编码381个氨基酸,转录后蛋白的相对分子量为43.9 kD,等电点为6.69,有5个跨膜结构域,亚细胞定位显示其定位在内质网。HaFAD2-9蛋白含有三个保守的组氨酸簇[HECGHH, HRRHH和HV(A/L)HH]。分子系统进化分析显示,HaFAD2-9与红花(Carthamus tinctorius)和黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)的亲缘关系较近。该基因在根、茎、叶、子叶及授粉后不同时期的种子中均有表达,在17 DAF表达量最高,低温、盐、干旱和ABA均能诱导HaFAD2-9基因的表达。本研究为油葵应对非生物胁迫提供参考,为作物遗传改良提供候选基因。

遮荫对盐胁迫下油葵生长和光合生理的影响

盐碱地光伏系统下作物生长受到盐分和遮荫的双重影响,研究双重逆境下作物的生理响应对该系统内作物种植有重要指导意义。本研究以油葵(Helianthus annuus L.)为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设3个盐分水平(在初始含盐量的基础上外加NaCl含量0 g·kg^(−1)、3 g·kg^(−1)和5 g·kg^(−1))和4个遮荫水平(0%、30%、60%和90%),探究遮荫对盐胁迫下油葵生长、光合特性、叶片解剖结构、生物量积累和分配及籽粒产量等的影响,为盐碱地光伏系统下开展作物种植提供理论依据。结果表明,不同盐分水平下,与不遮荫(遮荫水平0%)处理相比,遮荫会破坏油葵叶片光合反应中心,降低光能转换效率,减小叶片厚度和栅栏组织层,减少光合产物积累,进而抑制茎粗和花盘的生长,影响光合产物分配方向,最终降低籽粒产量;但适度遮荫下油葵会通过增加株高、增大叶面积、提高核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(Rubisco酶)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC酶)活性等方式提高叶片的光捕获能力,促进光合作用进行。不同遮荫水平下,与无盐分处理相比,轻(3 g·kg^(−1)NaCl)、重(5 g·kg^(−1)NaCl)度盐胁迫均会降低油葵的光合效率,抑制株高、茎粗、花盘和叶片的生长,减少光合产物的积累,最终降低籽粒产量,且不同盐胁迫浓度下油葵生长和光合生理特性在不同遮荫水平的变化规律不一致。其中,30%遮荫水平能显著提高轻度盐胁迫下油葵叶片的Rubisco酶和PEPC酶活性,减小叶片厚度,增大栅栏组织层,提高水分利用效率,进而提高油葵光合效率,促进油葵生长。研究表明弱光环境下油葵会通过改变自身形态、光合酶活性、光合产物分配等方式来应对环境胁迫,且遮荫能在一定程度上缓解盐胁迫对油葵造成的负面影响。其中,30%遮荫水平对缓解轻度盐胁迫引起的油葵光合能力降低和生长抑制的效果较好。

向日葵花盘通过调节肠道菌群改善ApoE^(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化研究

目的探讨向日葵花盘(HAL)对高脂饮食诱导的动脉粥样硬化(AS)的药效作用,并通过观察肠道菌群、肠道通透性及炎症因子变化阐明其相关作用机制。方法缺乏载脂蛋白E(Apo E^(-/-))的小鼠随机分为3组:对照组给予普通饲料,模型组(AS)给予高脂饲料(HFD),HAL组给予喂食混合5%HAL的HFD。24周后,对3组小鼠血脂和主动脉斑块情况进行分析比较,观察HAL对AS的改善作用并探讨其机制。结果与AS组比较,HAL干预改善了高脂饮食诱导的血脂异常和主动脉动脉粥样硬化病变(P<0.05)。HAL干预下调了小鼠肠道厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值,上调了嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌和乳酸菌的相对丰度,并下调了未分类的肠杆菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌和甲基杆菌的相对丰度(P<0.05)。HAL干预上调了小鼠结肠中闭合蛋白的水平(P<0.05),降低肠道通透性,从而减少炎症物质入血,降低了小鼠白介素-6(IL-6),IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α的浓度及主动脉mRNA表达(P<0.05),降低了主动脉核因子κB(NF-κB)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达(P<0.01)。结论HAL可改善HFD诱导的主动脉粥样硬化病变,其作用机制为调节肠道菌群、降低肠壁通透性和抑制NF-κB和iNOS表达。