Soda pulping of sunn hemp(Crotalaria juncea L.)and its usage in molded pulp packaging

Petroleum-based materials are often used in the packaging industry.However,the single use value of such products can be problematic with regard to proper waste disposal.As such,molded pulp packaging can be used as an alternative,given its ease of recycling,composting,and even-tual biodegradation.In this work,we aims to study the pulp properties of sunn hemp and its usage as molded pulp products.For this purpose,unbleached beaten and unbeaten soda pulps de-rived from the whole stem of sunn hemp were examined for their fiber morphology,fibrillation,fiber classification,and physical properties.The sunn hemp pulp was subsequently molded using a batch molding machine.To determine the hydrophobicity of the molded pulp products,the molded samples were manufactured with and without additives.Finally,some properties of the molded pulp products were examined and compared with the commercially available bleached bagasse molded pulp products.It was observed that the molded products made from sunn hemp pulp with additives had a higher water contact angle than that of the commercial products.In terms of general usage,the molded products from sunn hemp pulp with additives were found to be capable of storing hot water,hot cooking oil,as well as microwaving water.We concluded that the sunn hemp pulp could be used as an alternative fibrous raw material in the production of molded pulp packaging.

NLP1 reciprocally regulates nitrate inhibition of nodulation through SUNN-CRA2 signaling in Medicago truncatula

Most legume plants can associate with diazotrophic soil bacteria called rhizobia,resulting in new root organs called nodules that enable N2 fixation.Nodulation is an energy-consuming process,and nodule number is tightly regulated by independent systemic signaling pathways controlled by CLE/SUNN and CEP/CRA2.Moreover,nitrate inhibits legume nodulation via local and systemic regulatory pathways.In Medicago truncatula,NLP1 plays important roles in nitrate-induced inhibition of nodulation,but the relationship between systemic and local pathways in mediating nodulation inhibition by nitrate is poorly understood.In this study,we found that nitrate induces CLE35 expression in an NLP1-dependent manner and that NLP1 binds directly to the CLE35 promoter to activate its expression.Grafting experiments revealed that the systemic control of nodule number involves negative regulation by SUNN and positive regulation by CRA2 in the shoot,and that NLP1’s control of the inhibition of rhizobial infection,nodule development,and nitrogenase activity in response to nitrate is determined by the root.Unexpectedly,grafting experiments showed that loss of CRA2 in the root increases nodule number at inhibitory nitrate levels,probably because of CEP1/2 upregulation in the cra2 mutants,suggesting that CRA2 exerts active negative feedback regulation in the root.

Kinetic features of xylan de-polymerization in production of xylose monomer and furfural during acid pretreatment for kenaf,forage sorghums and sunn hemp feedstocks

A kinetic study of acid pretreatment was conducted for sorghum non-brown mid rib(SNBMR)(Sorghum bicolor L Moench),sorghum-brown mid rib(SBMR),sunn hemp(Crotalaria juncea L)and kenaf(Gossypiumhirsutum L),focusing on rates of xylose monomer and furfural formation.The kinetics was investigated using two independent variables,reaction temperature(150°C and 160°C)and acid concentration(1 and 2 wt%),with a constant dry biomass loading of 10 wt%and a treatment time up to 20 min while sampling the mixture every 2 min.The experimental data were fitted using a two-step kinetic model based on irreversible pseudo first order kinetics at each step.Varied kinetic orders on the acid concentration,ranging from 0.2 to>3,were observed for both xylose and furfural formation,the values depending on the feedstock.The crystallinity index of raw biomass was shown to be a major factor influencing the rate of both xylose and furfural formation.A positive correlation was observed between the activation energy and biomass crystallinity index for xylose formation.

麻毡边角料开松工艺的探讨

本文提出一种汽车内装饰板加工中产生的边角料的开松方法，以解决此类边角料的处理难题，所得麻纤维能满足制毡要求。

不同植物残体对土壤有机质累积的初步探讨

本文探讨了苕子、柽麻、稻草和锯木屑四种植物残体,在南宁地区赤红土中的腐殖化系数和土壤有机质的自然增减率。其中含木素较多的植物残体,表现为腐殖化系数较高,含氮多的植物残体,则有利于土壤微团聚体的形成。各种植物残体所形成的腐殖质,其性质基本相同。

新烟碱类杀虫剂对麦扁盾蝽若虫和成虫的毒效(英文)

在伊朗,麦扁盾蝽Eurygaster integriceps是小麦和大麦上的主要害虫。新烟碱类杀虫剂是一类具有较强活性的杀虫剂,对刺吸式口器害虫具有良好的效果。本研究应用触杀和熏蒸两种生测方法测定了4种新烟碱类杀虫剂(噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺和啶虫咪)对麦扁盾蝽3龄若虫和成虫的毒效。触杀法生测结果显示,各杀虫剂对麦扁盾蝽没有强烈的触杀活性,但是在高浓度下(5000mg/La.i.),可见较高的死亡率。熏蒸法生测结果显示,所有杀虫剂对麦扁盾蝽的若虫和成虫均有较好的毒性。结果提示应用熏蒸方法可能是治理这一重要害虫的新方法。

高温高湿环境下运动人脑电图改变的研究

目的 研究高温高湿环境下运动对人体脑电图的改变情况。方法 随机选取南沙巡防区守礁战士90名,均为健康男性,随机分成老战士组、新战士组、新战士服药组(口服乌拉地尔片剂)3组,在高温高湿环境下20 min内跑步3000m,分別记录跑步前后的脑电活动的波形。结果 跑步前、后3组战士之间的脑电图结果比较均在正常范闱,波形和节律规整,无棘波、慢波等出现,均没有显著差別。结论 高温高湿环境下运动对人体脑电图的影响不大,新老战士在此环境下均表现为良好的耐受力和适应性,口服乌拉地尔片剂对于运动前后的脑电图的改变亦无显著影响。