基于Unity3D的Dots寻路算法

自动寻路A*算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度较高,且对资源消耗较大。通过在Unity3D引擎中结合Dots面向数据的技术堆栈技术,采用ECS+JOBS的工作模式,将过程多线程化,使用JobSystem+Job多线程运行逻辑,对自动寻路的A*算法进行改进,采用修改地图点密度的方法来降低计算量,性能节省非常明显。为了同时考虑性能问题和寻路表现,再次改进算法,根据寻路对象的个数来动态地改变点与点之间的间隔,并比较两种不同的方案触发寻路,选出最优方案,有效缩短寻路时间,项目可以稳定运行数千个实体角色。

Achieving high-efficient photocatalytic persulfate-activated degradation of tetracycline via carbon dots modified MIL-101(Fe)octahedrons

The synergistic reaction of photocatalysis and advanced oxidation is a valid strategy for the degradation of harmful antibiotic wastewater.Herein,carbon dots(CDs)modified MIL-101(Fe)octahedrons to form CDs/MIL-101(Fe)composite photocatalyst was synthesized for visible light-driven photocatalytic/persulfate(PS)-activated tetracycline(TC)degradation.The electron spin resonance(ESR)spectra,scavenging experiment and electrochemical analysis were carried out to reveal that the high visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation activity of TC over CDs/MIL-101(Fe)photocatalysts is not only ascribed to the production of free active radicals in the CDs/MIL-101(Fe)/PS system(·OH,·SO_(4-),^(1)O_(2),h^(+)and·O_(2)^(-))but also attributed to the consumption of electrons caused by the PS,which can suppress the recombination of photo-generated carriers as well as strong light scattering and electron trapping effects of CDs.Finally,the possible degradation pathways were proposed by analyzing intermediates via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique.This research presents a rational design conception to construct a CDs/PS-based photocatalysis/advanced oxidation technology with high-efficient degradation activity for the remediation of organic antibiotic pollutant wastewater and for the improvement of carrier transport kinetics of photocatalysts.

Ultraviolet‑Irradiated All‑Organic Nanocomposites with Polymer Dots for High‑Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

Polymer dielectrics capable of operating efficiently at high electric fields and elevated temperatures are urgently demanded by next-generation electronics and electrical power systems.While inorganic fillers have been extensively utilized to improved high-temperature capacitive performance of dielectric polymers,the presence of thermodynamically incompatible organic and inorganic components may lead to concern about the long-term stability and also complicate film processing.Herein,zero-dimensional polymer dots with high electron affinity are introduced into photoactive allyl-containing poly(aryl ether sulfone)to form the all-organic polymer composites for hightemperature capacitive energy storage.Upon ultraviolet irradiation,the crosslinked polymer composites with polymer dots are efficient in suppressing electrical conduction at high electric fields and elevated temperatures,which significantly reduces the high-field energy loss of the composites at 200℃.Accordingly,the ultraviolet-irradiated composite film exhibits a discharged energy density of 4.2 J cm^(−3)at 200℃.Along with outstanding cyclic stability of capacitive performance at 200℃,this work provides a promising class of dielectric materials for robust high-performance all-organic dielectric nanocomposites.

Carbon dots-based nanocomposites for heterogeneous photocatalysis

Carbon dots(CDs),as a class of promising and multifunctional carbon nanomaterials,have become a research hotspot in the field of photocatalysis owning to strong absorption of visible light,favorable photoelectric properties,and tunable energy-level configuration.Although numerous efforts have been made to improve photocatalytic performance by combining CDs with other semiconductors in recent years,the summary of enhancement mechanisms for this emerging technology is few reported.Fully understanding the synergistic effect of CDs and nanomaterials in photocatalytic applications is extremely important for the further development of photocatalysis in the future.Here,the photocatalytic mechanism of carbon dots/nanomaterial system is discussed.Four typical carbon dots-synergistic enhancement effects are highlighted,namely,energy band regulation,local electric construction,active site engineering,and multiple carrier activation.Second,the recent progress of carbon dots-based nanocomposites in efficient solar energy conversion is reviewed and examples are given.Finally,the future research development direction and challenges are emphasized on this basis.

Advantageous properties of halide perovskite quantum dots towards energy-efficient sustainable applications

As lead halide perovskite(LHP)semiconductors have shown tremendous promise in many application fields,and particularly made strong impact in the solar photovoltaic area,low dimensional quantum dot forms of these perovskites are showing the potential to make distinct marks in the fields of electronics,optoelectronics and photonics.The so-called perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)not only possess the most important features of LHP materials,i.e.,the unusual high defect tolerance,but also demonstrate clear quantum size effects,along with exhibiting desirable optoelectronic properties such as near perfect photoluminescent quantum yield,multiple exciton generation and slow hot-carrier cooling.Here,we review the advantageous properties of these nanoscale perovskites and survey the prospects for diverse applications which include lightemitting devices,solar cells,photocatalysts,lasers,detectors and memristors,emphasizing the distinct superiorities as well as the challenges.

The exchange interaction between neighboring quantum dots:physics and applications in quantum information processing

Electron spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)are one of potential candidates for physical implementation of scalable quantum information processing technologies.Tunnel coupling based inter exchange interaction between QDs is crucial in achieving single-qubit manipulation,two-qubit gate,quantum communication and quantum simulation.This review first provides a theoretical perspective that surveys a general framework,including the Helter−London approach,the Hund−Mulliken approach,and the Hubbard model,to describe the inter exchange interactions between semiconductor quantum dots.An electrical method to control the inter exchange interaction in a realistic device is proposed as well.Then the significant achievements of inter exchange interaction in manipulating single qubits,achieving two-qubit gates,performing quantum communication and quantum simulation are reviewed.The last part is a summary of this review.

Experimental and computational study of annealed nickel sulfide quantum dots for catalytic and antibacterial activity

This research investigates the hydrothermal synthesis and annealing duration effects on nickel sulfide(NiS_(2) quantum dots(QDs)for catalytic decolorization of methylene blue(MB)dye and antimicrobial efficacy.QD size increased with longer annealing,reducing catalytic activity.UV–vis,XRD,TEM,and FTIR analyses probed optical structural,morphological,and vibrational features.XRD confirmed NiS2's anorthic structure,with crystallite size growing from 6.53 to 7.81 nm during extended annealing.UV–Vis exhibited a bathochromic shift,reflecting reduced band gap energy(Eg)in NiS_(2).TEM revealed NiS_(2)QD formation,with agglomerated QD average size increasing from 7.13 to 9.65 nm with prolonged annealing.Pure NiS_(2) showed significant MB decolorization(89.85%)in acidic conditions.Annealed NiS_(2) QDs demonstrated notable antibacterial activity,yielding a 6.15mm inhibition zone against Escherichia coli(E.coli)compared to Ciprofloxacin.First-principles computation supported a robust interaction between MB and NiS_(2),evidenced by obtained adsorption energies.This study highlights the nuanced relationship between annealing duration,structural changes,and functional properties in NiS_(2)QDs,emphasizing their potential applications in catalysis and antibacterial interventions.

Coupling of BiOCl Ultrathin Nanosheets with Carbon Quantum Dots for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Over the past few decades,photocatalysis technology has received extensive attention because of its potential to mitigate or solve energy and environmental pollution problems.Designing novel materials with outstanding photocatalytic activities has become a research hotspot in this field.In this study,we prepared a series of photocatalysts in which BiOCl nanosheets were modified with carbon quantum dots(CQDs)to form CQDs/BiOCl composites by using a simple solvothermal method.The photocatalytic performance of the resulting CQDs/BiOCl composite photocatalysts was assessed by rhodamine B and tetracycline degradation under visible-light irradiation.Compared with bare BiOCl,the photocatalytic activity of the CQDs/BiOCl composites was significantly enhanced,and the 5 wt%CQDs/BiOCl composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity with a degradation efficiency of 94.5%after 30 min of irradiation.Moreover,photocatalytic N_(2)reduction performance was significantly improved after introducing CQDs.The 5 wt%CQDs/BiOCl composite displayed the highest photocatalytic N_(2)reduction performance to yield NH_3(346.25μmol/(g h)),which is significantly higher than those of 3 wt%CQDs/BiOCl(256.04μmol/(g h)),7 wt%CQDs/BiOCl(254.07μmol/(g h)),and bare BiOCl(240.19μmol/(g h)).Our systematic characterizations revealed that the key role of CQDs in improving photocatalytic performance is due to their increased light harvesting capacity,remarkable electron transfer ability,and higher photocatalytic activity sites.

Threshold-independent method for single-shot readout of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots

The single-shot readout data process is essential for the realization of high-fidelity qubits and fault-tolerant quantum algorithms in semiconductor quantum dots. However, the fidelity and visibility of the readout process are sensitive to the choice of the thresholds and limited by the experimental hardware. By demonstrating the linear dependence between the measured spin state probabilities and readout visibilities along with dark counts, we describe an alternative threshold-independent method for the single-shot readout of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. We can obtain the extrapolated spin state probabilities of the prepared probabilities of the excited spin state through the threshold-independent method. We then analyze the corresponding errors of the method, finding that errors of the extrapolated probabilities cannot be neglected with no constraints on the readout time and threshold voltage. Therefore, by limiting the readout time and threshold voltage, we ensure the accuracy of the extrapolated probability. We then prove that the efficiency and robustness of this method are 60 times larger than those of the most commonly used method. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the electron temperature on the effective area with a fixed external magnetic field and provide a preliminary demonstration for a single-shot readout of up to 0.7K/1.5T in the future.

Finely regulated luminescent Ag-In-Ga-S quantum dots with green-red dual emission toward white light-emitting diodes

Ag-In-Ga-S(AIGS)quantum dots(QDs)have recently attracted great interests due to the outstanding optical properties and eco-friendly components,which are considered as an alternative replacement for toxic Pb-and Cd-based QDs.However,enormous attention has been paid to how to narrow their broadband spectra,ignoring the application advantages of the broadband emission.In this work,the AIGS QDs with controllable broad green-red dual-emission are first reported,which is achieved through adjusting the size distribution of QDs by controlling the nucleation and growth of AIGS crystals.Resultantly,the AIGS QDs exhibit broad dual-emission at green-and red-band evidenced by photoluminescence(PL)spectra,and the PL relative intensity and peak position can be finely adjusted.Furthermore,the dual-emission is the intrinsic characteristics from the difference in confinement effect of large particles and tiny particles confirmed by temperature-dependent PL spectra.Accordingly,the AIGS QDs(the size consists of 17 nm and 3.7 nm)with 530 nm and 630 nm emission could successfully be synthesized at 220°C.By combining the blue light-emitting diode(LED)chips and dual-emission AIGS QDs,the constructed white light-emitting devices(WLEDs)exhibit a continuous and broad spectrum like natural sunlight with the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE)chromaticity coordinates of(0.33,0.31),a correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5425 K,color rendering index(CRI)of 90,and luminous efficacy of radiation(LER)of 129 lm/W,which indicates that the AIGS QDs have huge potential for lighting applications.

Temperature-controlled DCP Fluorescent Probe Based on Hydrogel-immobilized Quantum Dots Composite

A composite was created by incorporating the quantum dot-enhanced SiO_(2)nanoparticles within this hydrogel.Based on this composite,a temperature-controlled fluorescent probe for DCP was developed.A meticulous examination of this probe revealed its attributes and factors affecting its performance.By using temperature modulation,the probe was adept at detecting DCP concentrations ranging between 1.0×10^(-6)and 9.0×10^(-6)mol/L.Such a probe offers remarkable selectivity,repeatability,and robust stability,so that the detection of DCP can be carried out at different temperatures,and a fast,reliable,sensitive and low-cost intelligent detection method is realized.

Effective Activation of Melamine for Synchronous Synthesis of Catalytically Active Nanosheets and Fluorescence-Responsive Quantum Dots

Because of the low reactivity of cyclic nitrides,liquid-phase synthesis of carbon nitride introduces challenges despite its favorable potential for energy-efficient preparation and superior applications.In this study,we demonstrate a strong interaction between citric acid and melamine through experimental observation and theoretical simulation,which eff ectively activates melamine-condensation activity and produces carbon-rich carbon nitride nanosheets(CCN NSs)during hydrothermal reaction.Under a large specific surface area and increased light absorption,these CCN NSs demonstrate significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in CO_(2) reduction,increasing the CO production rate by approximately tenfold compared with hexagonal melamine(h-Me).Moreover,the product selectivity of CCN NSs reaches up to 93.5%to generate CO from CO_(2).Furthermore,the annealed CCN NSs exhibit a CO conversion rate of up to 95.30μmol/(g h),which indicates an 18-fold increase compared with traditional carbon nitride.During the CCN NS synthesis,nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots(NDC QDs)are simultaneously produced and remain suspended in the supernatant after centrifugation.These QDs disperse well in water and exhibit excellent luminescent properties(QY=67.2%),allowing their application in the design of selective and sensitive sensors to detect pollutants such as pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenol with a detection limit of as low as 0.04μmol/L.Notably,the simultaneous synthesis of CCN NSs and NDC QDs provides a cost-eff ective and highly efficient process,yielding products with superior capabilities for catalytic conversion of CO_(2) and pollutant detection,respectively.

Paving continuous heat dissipation pathways for quantum dots in polymer with orangeinspired radially aligned UHMWPE fibers

Thermal management of nanoscale quantum dots(QDs)in light-emitting devices is a long-lasting challenge.The existing heat transfer reinforcement solutions for QDs-polymer composite mainly rely on thermal-conductive fillers.However,this strategy failed to deliver the QDs’heat generation across a long distance,and the accumulated heat still causes considerable temperature rise of QDs-polymer composite,which eventually menaces the performance and reliability of lightemitting devices.Inspired by the radially aligned fruit fibers in oranges,we proposed to eliminate this heat dissipation challenge by establishing long-range ordered heat transfer pathways within the QDs-polymer composite.Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers(UPEF)were radially aligned throughout the polymer matrix,thus facilitating massive efficient heat dissipation of the QDs.Under a UPEF filling fraction of 24.46 vol%,the in-plane thermal conductivity of QDs-radially aligned UPEF composite(QDs-RAPE)could reach 10.45 W m^(−1) K^(−1),which is the highest value of QDs-polymer composite reported so far.As a proof of concept,the QDs’working temperature can be reduced by 342.5℃ when illuminated by a highly concentrated laser diode(LD)under driving current of 1000 mA,thus improving their optical performance.This work may pave a new way for next generation high-power QDs lighting applications.

High Colloidal Stable Carbon Dots Armored Liquid Metal Nano-Droplets for Versatile 3D/4D Printing Through Digital Light Processing(DLP)

Liquid metal(LM)and liquid metal alloys(LMs)possess unique physicochemical features,which have become emerging and functionalized materials that are attractive applicants in various fields.Herein,uniform LM nanodroplets armored by carbon dots(LMD@CDs)were prepared and exhibited high colloidal stability in various solvents,as well as water.After optimization,LMD@CDs can be applied as functional additives for the 3D/4D printing of hydrogel and cross-linked resin through digital light processing(DLP).The light absorption of LMD@CDs not only improved the printing accuracy,but also led to the cross-linking density differential during the post-curing process.Base on the cross-linking density differential of soft hydrogel and photothermal performance of the LM,the 3D printed objects can exhibit stimulus responses to both water and laser irradiation.Additionally,the CDs shell and LM core of LMD@CDs provide the printed objects interesting photoluminescence and electric conductivity capabilities,respectively.We deduce this versatile 3D/4D printing system would provide a new platform for the preparation of multi-functional and stimuli-responsive advance materials.

Majorana tunneling in a one-dimensional wire with non-Hermitian double quantum dots

The combination of non-Hermitian physics and Majorana fermions can give rise to new effects in quantum transport systems. In this work, we investigate the interplay of PT-symmetric complex potentials, Majorana tunneling and interdot tunneling in a non-Hermitian double quantum dots system. It is found that in the weak-coupling regime the Majorana tunneling has pronounced effects on the transport properties of such a system, manifested as splitting of the single peak into three and a reduced 1/4 peak in the transmission function. In the presence of the PT-symmetric complex potentials and interdot tunneling, the 1/4 central peak is robust against them, while the two side peaks are tuned by them. The interdot tunneling only induces asymmetry, instead of moving the conductance peak, due to the robustness of the Majorana modes. There is an exceptional point induced by the union of Majorana tunneling and interdot tunneling. With increased PT-symmetric complex potentials, the two side peaks will move towards each other. When the exceptional point is passed through, these two side peaks will disappear. In the strong-coupling regime, the Majorana fermion induces a 1/4 conductance dip instead of the three-peak structure. PT-symmetric complex potentials induce two conductance dips pinned at the exceptional point. These effects should be accessible in experiments.

High sensitivity detection of baicalein by N,S co⁃doped carbon dots and their application in biofluids

In this work,p⁃phenylenediamine and L⁃cysteine were used as raw materials,and water⁃soluble N,S co⁃doped carbon dots(N,S⁃CDs)with excellent performance were prepared through a one⁃step solvothermal method.The morphology and structure of N,S⁃CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscope,X⁃ray diffrac⁃tion,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and X⁃ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and the basic photophysical properties were investigated via UV⁃Vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra.Meanwhile,the N,S⁃CDs have excellent luminescence stability with pH,ionic strength,radiation time,and storage time.Experimental results illus⁃trated the present sensor platform exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity in response to baicalein with a detection limit of 85 nmol·L-1.The quenching mechanism is proved to be the inner filter effect.In addition,this sensor can also detect baicalein in biofluids(serum and urine)with good accuracy and reproducibility.

NbN quantum dots anchored hollow carbon nanorods as efficient polysulfide immobilizer and lithium stabilizer for Li-S full batteries

The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispersed Nb N quantum dots anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods(NbN@NHCR)are elaborately developed as efficient Li PSs immobilizer and Li stabilizer for high-performance Li-S full batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the sulfiphilic and lithiophilic NbN@NHCR hybrid can not only efficiently immobilize the soluble Li PSs and facilitate diffusion-conversion kinetics for alleviating the shuttling effect,but also homogenize the distribution of Li+ions and regulate uniform Li deposition for suppressing Li-dendrite growth.As a result,the assembled Li-S full batteries(NbN@NHCR-S||Nb N@NHCR-Li)deliver excellent long-term cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.031%per cycle over 1000 cycles at high rate of 2 C.Even at a high S loading of 5.8 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.2μL mg^(-1),a large areal capacity of 6.2 mA h cm^(-2)can be achieved in Li-S pouch cell at 0.1 C.This study provides a new perspective via designing a dual-functional sulfiphilic and lithiophilic hybrid to address serious issues of the shuttle effect of S cathode and dendrite growth of Li anode.

Highly enhanced UV absorption and light emission of monolayer WS_(2)through hybridization with Ti_(2)N MXene quantum dots and g-C_(3)N_(4)quantum dots

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMD)are atomically thin semiconductors with promising optoelectronic applications across the visible spectrum.However,their intrinsically weak light absorption and the low photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)restrict their performance and potential use,especially in ultraviolet(UV)wavelength light ranges.Quantum dots(QD)derived from 2D materials(2D/QD)provide efficient light absorption and emission of which energy can be tuned for desirable light wavelength.In this study,we greatly enhanced the photon absorption and PLQY of monolayer(1L)tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))in the UV range via hybridization with 2D/QD,particularly titanium nitride MXene QD(Ti_(2)N MQD)and graphitic carbon nitride QD(GCNQD).With the hybridization of MQD or GCNQD,1LWS_(2)showed a maximum PL enhancement by 15 times with 300 nm wavelength excitation,while no noticeable enhancement was observed when the excitation photon energy was less than the bandgap of the QD,indicating that UV absorption by the QD played a crucial role in enhancing the light emission of 1L-WS_(2)in our 0D/2D hybrid system.Our findings present a convenient method for enhancing the photo-response of 1L-WS_(2)to UV light and offer exciting possibilities for harvesting UV energy using 1L-TMD.

Accelerating H^(*)desorption of hollow Mo_(2)C nanoreactor via in-situ grown carbon dots for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Molybdenum carbide(Mo_(2)C)is a promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst with electronic structures similar to Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,strong H^(*)adsorption at the Mo sites hinders the improvement of HER performance.Here,we synthesized monodisperse hollow Mo_(2)C nanoreactors,in which the carbon dots(CD)were in situ formed onto the surface of Mo_(2)C through carburization reactions.According to finite element simulation and analysis,the CD@Mo_(2)C possesses better mesoscale diffusion properties than Mo_(2)C alone.The optimized CD@Mo_(2)C nanoreactor demonstrates superior HER performance in alkaline electrolyte with a low overpotential of 57 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2),which is better than most Mo_(2)C-based electrocatalysts.Moreover,CD@Mo_(2)C exhibits excellent electrochemical stability during 240 h,confirmed by operando Raman and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that carbon dots cause the d-band center of CD@Mo_(2)C to shift away from Fermi level,promoting water dissociation and the desorption of H^(*).This study provides a reasonable strategy towards high-activity Mo-based HER eletrocatalysts by modulating the strength of Mo–H bonds.

Embedded high-quality ternary GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dots in GaAs nanowires by molecular-beam epitaxy

Semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for preparing high-performance single photon sources.A basic requirement for this application is realizing the controlled growth of high-quality semiconductor quantum dots.Here,we report the growth of embedded GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dots in GaAs nanowires by molecular-beam epitaxy.It is found that the size of the GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dot can be well-defined by the GaAs nanowire.Energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses show that the antimony content x can be up to 0.36 by tuning the growth temperature.All GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dots exhibit a pure zinc-blende phase.In addition,we have developed a new technology to grow GaAs passivation layers on the sidewalls of the GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dots.Different from the traditional growth process of the passivation layer,GaAs passivation layers can be grown simultaneously with the growth of the embedded GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dots.The spontaneous GaAs passivation layer shows a pure zinc-blende phase due to the strict epitaxial relationship between the quantum dot and the passivation layer.The successful fabrication of embedded high-quality GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x) quantum dots lays the foundation for the realization of GaAs_(1−x)Sb_(x)-based single photon sources.