Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI coun...Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.展开更多
本文利用卫星监测的数据构造夜间灯光复合指数表征城镇化水平,运用Superefficiency Ray Slacks-Based Measure(Super-RSBM)模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数测算2000—2021年我国农业低碳全要素生产率(TFP),实证检验城镇化...本文利用卫星监测的数据构造夜间灯光复合指数表征城镇化水平,运用Superefficiency Ray Slacks-Based Measure(Super-RSBM)模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数测算2000—2021年我国农业低碳全要素生产率(TFP),实证检验城镇化对我国农业低碳TFP的影响及其作用机制,并考察紧凑集约型和规模扩张型两种城镇化推进模式对农业低碳TFP的异质性影响。研究发现,从全国来看,城镇化推进与农业低碳TFP之间具有显著的U型关系,且邻近地区农业低碳TFP的提升对本地区产生示范效应;分区域来看,这种U型关系主要体现在农业适度发展区,而农业优化发展区的城镇化与农业低碳TFP之间呈现显著的正向线性关系,表明农业优化发展区应发挥“领头羊”作用,带动适度发展区早日跨越U型曲线的拐点,实现城镇化带动农业绿色发展;紧凑集约型的城镇化深度推进模式能够显著提升农业低碳TFP,而规模扩张型的城镇化广度推进模式降低了农业低碳TFP;农业低碳技术进步、农村劳动力转移、规模效应、农业产业链延伸和农村居民可支配收入增加是城镇化影响农业低碳TFP的主要途径。展开更多
Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China t...Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs.Therefore,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.展开更多
文摘Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.
文摘本文利用卫星监测的数据构造夜间灯光复合指数表征城镇化水平,运用Superefficiency Ray Slacks-Based Measure(Super-RSBM)模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数测算2000—2021年我国农业低碳全要素生产率(TFP),实证检验城镇化对我国农业低碳TFP的影响及其作用机制,并考察紧凑集约型和规模扩张型两种城镇化推进模式对农业低碳TFP的异质性影响。研究发现,从全国来看,城镇化推进与农业低碳TFP之间具有显著的U型关系,且邻近地区农业低碳TFP的提升对本地区产生示范效应;分区域来看,这种U型关系主要体现在农业适度发展区,而农业优化发展区的城镇化与农业低碳TFP之间呈现显著的正向线性关系,表明农业优化发展区应发挥“领头羊”作用,带动适度发展区早日跨越U型曲线的拐点,实现城镇化带动农业绿色发展;紧凑集约型的城镇化深度推进模式能够显著提升农业低碳TFP,而规模扩张型的城镇化广度推进模式降低了农业低碳TFP;农业低碳技术进步、农村劳动力转移、规模效应、农业产业链延伸和农村居民可支配收入增加是城镇化影响农业低碳TFP的主要途径。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72373117)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Z1010422003)+1 种基金the Major Project of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(22JJD790052)the Qinchuangyuan Project of Shaanxi Province(QCYRCXM-2022-145).
文摘Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs.Therefore,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.
