Plant Ideotype at Heading for Super High-Yielding Rice in Double-Cropping System in South China

The newly released super high-yielding hybrid rice combinations, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and the super high-yielding conventional cultivars, Guangchao 3 and Shengtai 1, were grown in both early and late seasons. The morphological characters of each population were investigated at the heading stage, and the data were analyzed by using ANOVY and other statistic methods. The plant ideal morphological characters at the heading stage were established as follows： 1 ） for the early-season cropping, 90-105 cm plant height; 11-12 tillers per plant; 35-40 em length and 2.1-2.2 cm width of flag leaf; 46-50 cm length and 1.8-2.1 cm width of the second leaf from the top （L2）; 59-64 cm length and 1.4-1.9 cm width of the third leaf from the top （L3）; 7°-14°, 18° and 200-33° for the ideal leaf angles of the flag leaf, L2 and L3, respectively; 2） for the late-season cropping, 90-100 cm plant height; 9-15 tillers per plant; 30-41 cm length and 1.8-2.0 cm width of flag leaf; 53-61 cm length and 1.3-1.8 cm width of L2; 52-58 cm length and 1.2-1.5 cm width of L3; 9°-19°, 15°-37° and 16°-49° for the ideal leaf angles of the flag leaf, L2 and L3, respectively. The main physiological characteristics of these varieties were also analyzed.

Study on Plant Morphological Traits and Production Characteristics of Super High-Yielding Soybean

Super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14, soybean cultivars from Ohio in the United States, and the common soybean cultivars from Liaoning Province, China, with similar geographic latitudes and identical pod-bearing habits were used as the study materials for a comparison of morphological traits and production characteristics to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of improved super high-yielding soybean cultivars. Using a randomized block design, different soybean cultivars from the same latitude were compared under conventional and unconventional treatments for their production characteristics, including morphological traits, leaf area index （LAI）, net photosynthesis rate, and dry matter accumulation. The specific characteristics of the super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height of Liaodou 14 was significantly lower than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, whereas the number of its main-stem nodes was higher than that of the cultivars from Ohio or Liaoning. A high pod density was observed in Liaodou 14 under conventional treatments. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, the branch number of Liaodou 14 was markedly higher than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, and its branch length and leaf inclination angle were significantly higher than those of common cultivars from Liaoning or Ohio. Only small changes in the leaf inclination angle were observed in Liaodou 14 treated with conventional or unconventional methods. Under each treatment, Liaodou 14 exhibited the lowest amplitude of reduction in SPAD values and net photosynthesis rates from the grain-filling to ripening stages; the cultivars from Ohio and the common cultivars from Liaoning exhibited more significant reductions. Liaodou 14 reached its peak LAI later than the other cultivars but maintained its LAI at a higher level for a longer duration. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, Liaodou 14 produced a higher yield than the other two cultivars, with significant differences from the Ohio cultivars. In summary, super high-yielding soybean cultivars have several main features： suitable plant height, high pod density, good leaf structure with strong functionality, and slow leaf senescence at the late reproductive stage, which is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and improved yield.

Changes in Some Physiological Characteristics After Full Heading Stage in Flag Leaves of Super High-Yielding Inbred Rice

In a field experiment, rice cultivar Shanyou 63 was used as a check cultivar to investigate the changes in activity of peroxidase and contents of malondialdehyde and soluble protein after full heading stage in flag leaves of two super high-yielding inbred rice, including Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan. The results showed that the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents in the leaves of the three cultivars tended to increase gradually to peak values and thereafter descended during stage after full heading. Moreover, both the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents of Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan peaked at 8 days after full heading, which was compared with that of Shanyou 63 at 4 days later. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde contents in the leaves of the three cultivars increased gradually after full heading stage. In addition, activities of peroxidase and contents of malondialdehyde and soluble protein in different cultivars were various at the same time. In general, for Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan, the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents were higher than those of Shanyou 63, whereas the malondialdehyde contents were lower compared with that of Shanyou 63. And these features could make the senescence of leaf become later and slower and photosynthetic product was more in Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan than that in Shanyou 63.

Super-Boost变换器的工作模式及输出纹波电压分析

Super-Boost变换器代替传统的充、放电模块可大大减小电源的质量和体积,提高其功率密度,因此在空间电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景。但由于Super-Boost变换器有多个功率元件,且存在电感电流反向流动特性,导致其供能模式及输出纹波电压较传统Boost变换器复杂。为了给Super-Boost变换器的分析和设计提供正确的理论指导,对Super-Boost变换器供能模式及输出纹波电压进行了深入研究。研究发现,电感L_(1)和L_(2)均存在连续导电模式、伪连续导电模式和伪断续导电模式等工作模式,建立各工作模式的临界电感和输出纹波电压解析数学模型,探讨峰值电流与电感间的关系,得到了满足设计要求的最小电容和最小电感,据此给出了变换器参数设计方法,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于Super-Twisting滑模S面的无人机路径跟踪控制

针对小型固定翼无人机在执行任务时跟踪精度低以及容易受外界风影响的问题,设计基于Super-Twisting滑模S面(STSM S-Plane)的路径跟踪控制器,同时采用内外双环控制模式。外环即速度环采用Super-Twisting滑模控制,内环即姿态环采用S面控制。考虑到S面控制求导易导致积分爆炸的问题引入了二阶微分器,并对外界风组成进行建模研究。最后通过空间特殊曲线来验证所设计算法的控制性能。仿真结果表明,所设计的算法可以实现固定翼无人机对期望路径的精确跟踪,并具有良好的鲁棒性和抗干扰性能。

组态视角下我国物流业绿色全要素生产率提升路径研究--基于Super-SBM-Malmquist与fsQCA方法

通过整合TOE框架,提取互联网发展水平、新能源比例、创新能力、物流业集聚程度、市场化水平和对外开放程度6个指标为前因变量,以物流业绿色全要素生产率为结果变量,将我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)数据作为研究样本,运用fsQCA方法揭示导致我国物流业产生高与非高绿色全要素生产率的组态路径。研究发现:“十三五”期间我国物流业绿色全要素生产率持续进步;大部分省市区的物流业绿色全要素生产率有提升;产生高物流业绿色全要素生产率的路径可归纳为“互联网-对外开放-创新”驱动型、“互联网-对外开放-新能源-物流业集聚”驱动型和“新能源-市场化-物流业集聚”驱动型三种。

Deep eutectic solvents:Green multi-task agents for sustainable super green hydrogen technologies

While reliance on renewable energy resources has become a reality, there is still a need to deploy greener and more sustainable methods in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Indeed, green hydrogen is currently believed to be a reliable solution for global warming and the pollution challenges arising from fossil fuels, making it the resilient fuel of the future. However, the sustainability of green hydrogen technologies is yet to be achieved. In this context, generation of green hydrogen with the aid of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) as green mixtures has been demonstrated as a promising research area. This systematic review article covers green hydrogen generation through water splitting and biomass fermentation when DESs are utilized within the generation process. It also discusses the incorporation of DESs in fuel cell technologies. DESs can play a variety of roles such as solvent, electrolyte, or precursor;colloidal suspension and reaction medium;galvanic replacement, shape-controlling, decoration, or extractive agent;finally oxidant. These roles are relevant to several methods of green hydrogen generation, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and fermentation. As such, it is of utmost importance to screen potential DES formulations and determine how they can function in and contribute throughout the green hydrogen mobility stages. The realization of super green hydrogen generation stands out as a pivotal milestone in our journey towards achieving a more sustainable form of development;DESs have great potential in making this milestone achievable. Overall, incorporating DESs in hydrogen generation constitutes a promising research area and offers potential scalability for green hydrogen production, storage,transport, and utilization.

A Unified Model Fusing Region of Interest Detection and Super Resolution for Video Compression

High-resolution video transmission requires a substantial amount of bandwidth.In this paper,we present a novel video processing methodology that innovatively integrates region of interest(ROI)identification and super-resolution enhancement.Our method commences with the accurate detection of ROIs within video sequences,followed by the application of advanced super-resolution techniques to these areas,thereby preserving visual quality while economizing on data transmission.To validate and benchmark our approach,we have curated a new gaming dataset tailored to evaluate the effectiveness of ROI-based super-resolution in practical applications.The proposed model architecture leverages the transformer network framework,guided by a carefully designed multi-task loss function,which facilitates concurrent learning and execution of both ROI identification and resolution enhancement tasks.This unified deep learning model exhibits remarkable performance in achieving super-resolution on our custom dataset.The implications of this research extend to optimizing low-bitrate video streaming scenarios.By selectively enhancing the resolution of critical regions in videos,our solution enables high-quality video delivery under constrained bandwidth conditions.Empirical results demonstrate a 15%reduction in transmission bandwidth compared to traditional super-resolution based compression methods,without any perceivable decline in visual quality.This work thus contributes to the advancement of video compression and enhancement technologies,offering an effective strategy for improving digital media delivery efficiency and user experience,especially in bandwidth-limited environments.The innovative integration of ROI identification and super-resolution presents promising avenues for future research and development in adaptive and intelligent video communication systems.

Trend of Storm Surge Induced by Typical Landfall Super Typhoons During 1975–2021 in the Eastern China Sea

Climate change affects the activity of global and regional tropical cyclones(TCs).Among all TCs,typical super typhoons(STYs)are particularly devastating because they maintain their intensity when landing on the coast and thus cause casualties,economic losses,and environmental damage.Using a 3D tidal model,we reconstructed the typhoon(TY)wind field to simulate the storm surge induced by typical STYs.The TY activity was then analyzed using historical data.Results showed a downtrend of varying degrees in the annual frequency of STYs and TCs in the Western North Pacific(WNP)Basin,with a significant trend change observed for TCs from 1949 to 2021.A large difference in the interannual change in frequency was found between STYs and TCs in the WNP and Eastern China Sea(ECS).Along the coast of EC,the frequency of landfall TCs showed a weak downtrend,and the typical STYs showed reverse micro growth with peak activity in August.Zhejiang,Fujian,and Taiwan were highly vulnerable to the frontal hits of typical STYs.Affected by climate change,the average lifetime maximum intensity(LMI)locations and landfall locations of typical STYs in the ECS basin showed a significant poleward migration trend.In addition,the annual average LMI and accumulated cyclone energy showed an uptrend,indicating the increasing severity of the disaster risk.Affected by the typical STY activity in the ECS,the maximum storm surge area also showed poleward migration,and the coast of North China faced potential growth in high storm surge risks.

Preparation and Swelling Kinetic Analysis of Poly (HPMC-co-AA-co-AM) Super Absorbent Resin

Super absorbent resin(SAR)is prepared by aqueous high temperature polymerization using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)as monomer backbone material,acrylic acid(AA)and acrylamide(AM)as the graft copolymer monomer,potassium persulfate(KPS)as the initiator to generate free radicals,and N,N`-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)as cross-linking agent for cross-linking reaction.Simutaneously,the influence of individual factors on the water absorption is investigated,and these factors are mainly AA,AM,KPS,MBA,HPMC,and reaction temperature.The optimized conditions are obtained by the experiment repeating for several times.The water absorption multiplicity and salt absorption multiplicity under the conditions are 782.4 and 132.5 g/g,respectivity.Furthermore,the effects of different temperatures and salt concentrations on its water absorption,as well as the swelling kinetics of SAR are studied.It is indicated the water-absorbing swelling process is mainly caused by the difference in water osmotic pressure and Na+concentration inside and outside the cross-linked molecular structure of the resin,which is not only consistent with the quasi-secondary kinetic model,but also with the Fick diffusion model.

结合改进FPFH的Super-4PCS点云配准方法

针对超四点快速鲁棒匹配算法(Super-4PCS)粗匹配过程计算复杂度较高,配准时间长等问题,提出一种结合改进快速点特征直方图(FPFH)的Super-4PCS粗配准算法。通过主成分分析法(PCA)从快速点特征直方图中筛选出能代表点云特征信息的特征点,并将筛选出的特征点云作为输入数据进行Super-4PCS粗配准,由Super-4PCS粗配准得到初始变换矩阵,再进一步进行最近点迭代算法(ICP)精配准。为了验证在不同密度点云下的匹配效率,分别使用Bunny、Dragon两种不同密度的点云数据集进行配准实验,在满足精配准精度的基础上,对比FPFH-SAC和Super-4PCS粗配准方法,粗配准速率分别提升了72%和58%,总体配准速率分别提升了43%和32%。

Hollow Ni Mo-based nitride heterojunction with super-hydrophilic/aerophobic surface for efficient urea-assisted hydrogen production

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR)are key reactions of the watercycling associated catalytic process/device.The design of catalysts with a super-hydrophilic/aerophobic structure and optimized electron distribution holds great promise.Here,we have designed a threedimensional(3D)hollow Ni/NiMoN hierarchical structure with arrayed-sheet surface based on a onepot hydrothermal route for efficient urea-assisted HER based on a simple hydrothermal process.The Ni/NiMoN catalyst exhibits super-hydrophilic/aerophobic properties with a small droplet contact angle of 6.07°and an underwater bubble contact angle of 155.7°,thus facilitating an escape of bubbles from the electrodes.Density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate the optimized electronic structure at the interface of Ni and NiMoN,which can promote the adsorption/desorption of reactants and intermediates.The virtues combining with a large specific surface area endow Ni/NiMoN with efficient catalytic activity of low potentials of 25 mV for HER and 1.33 V for UOR at10 mA cm^(-2).The coupled HER and UOR system demonstrates a low cell voltage of 1.42 V at 10 mA cm^(-2),which is approximately 209 mV lower than water electrolysis.

New direction for surgery:Super minimally invasive surgery

The top goal of modern medicine is treating disease without destroying organ structures and making patients as healthy as they were before their sickness.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has dominated the surgical realm because of its lesser invasiveness.However,changes in anatomical structures of the body and reconstruction of internal organs or different organs are common after traditional surgery or MIS,decreasing the quality of life of patients post-operation.Thus,I propose a new treatment mode,super MIS(SMIS),which is defined as“curing a disease or lesion which used to be treated by MIS while preserving the integrity of the organs”.In this study,I describe the origin,definition,operative channels,advantages,and future perspectives of SMIS.

基于改进Super-Twisting算法和电流预测的PMSM调速控制

针对永磁同步电机传统PI控制器存在响应速度慢、控制精度低、鲁棒性差等问题,该文提出一种改进调速控制方案。首先,将全局快速积分型终端滑模理论与广义Super-Twisting算法相结合,基于Anti-Windup原理设计改进广义Super-Twisting积分终端滑模速度控制器,并采用新型分段指数函数优化控制律;其次,设计改进扩展扰动观测器对系统未知扰动进行前馈补偿;最后,在电流环引入无差拍电流预测控制器,进一步改善系统的动态响应。仿真结果表明,所提出的改进控制方案能够有效提高调速系统的动态控制性能、控制精度和鲁棒性。

基于Super-SBM方法的省级交通运输行业碳排放效率评估研究

随着全球气候变化日益加剧,交通运输行业的碳排放效率评估与提升备受关注。本文利用Super-SBM模型,结合非期望产出,对2012-2019年我国30个省级行政区的交通运输行业碳排放效率进行了全面评估。在此基础上,运用Malmquist生产率指数(MPI)及其分解方法,揭示了不同区域间交通运输业碳排放效率的变化趋势。研究结果为加强省级交通运输业的环保措施、促进碳减排提供了科学依据,为政策制定者提供了重要参考。

基于自适应Super-twisting算法的永磁同步电机驱动控制

在永磁同步电机调速系统中,良好的速度控制器要同时兼顾跟踪性能及抗干扰性能,非线性控制具有快速响应及强鲁棒性的优点,适用于速度控制器的设计,但传统滑模控制存在着严重的抖振问题。自适应Super-twisting算法属于二阶滑模,能将相轨迹的状态量以级数的形式收敛到原点,又能在线调整控制器的增益,因此能有效削弱抖振现象。采用自适应Super-twisting算法来设计速度控制器,并通过李雅普诺夫函数给出其稳定性证明。试验结果表明,所设计的控制器具有良好的跟踪性能及抗干扰性能,同时能减小电流的纹波,达到削弱抖振的目的。

双缸进化器:2024 KTM 1390 Super Duke R

在顶级的街车阵列,KTM的超级公爵1290 Super Duke绝对占有一席之地。掌控132kW最大功率,挥洒140N·m最大扭矩,驱动只有约200kg的重量,再得到优秀悬挂系统和先进电控系统的加持,驾驶这匹超级猛兽跑在公路上,简直如入无人之境!

基于C++SuperMix库的SIS混频器的研究

基于C++SuperMix软件库对680 GHz接收机中的双槽双超导隧道结(SIS)混频器进行深入模拟研究.在环境温度为4.2 K、本地振荡器(LO)频率为680 GHz、本振功率为100 nW、中频频率中心为10 GHz和中频匹配阻抗为50Ω的条件下,采用二次谐波的谐波平衡法,在0~500 K热噪声源温度下对SIS混频器的输出噪声温度进行建模仿真研究.计算得出:当偏置电压在2~3 mV变化时,SIS混频器的输出噪声温度均小于50 K,表明所研究的SIS混频器具有较好的噪声性能.

大长径比远程制导火箭弹自适应Super-twisting控制方法

针对具有轻质薄壳结构的大长径比远程制导火箭弹刚体-弹性体耦合动力学控制难题,提出了一种自适应Super-twisting控制方法。首先,将大长径比远程制导火箭弹的弹性模态与外部干扰项视为归一化扰动,建立了考虑参数、模型不确定性的刚体-弹性体耦合动力学模型。针对外部扰动难以实时精准获取的问题,设计了有限时间收敛干扰观测器,能够在大范围气动参数摄动情形下对远程制导火箭弹外部扰动进行实时精准估计。为提高系统鲁棒性,设计了基于Super-twisting算法的自适应有限时间控制方法,使系统能根据状态误差自动调节控制参数,在削弱高频抖振的同时有效提高抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明:所提控制方法在弹体±15%气动参数摄动的条件下,由平飞状态转变为跟踪幅值为10的正弦弹道倾角指令时,实现3.2 s内弹道倾角跟踪误差收敛至0.002°,可实现远程制导火箭弹姿态平稳跟踪控制弹道倾角指令。

Proteomic Analysis of the Response of Liangyoupeijiu(Super High-Yield Hybrid Rice) Seedlings to Cold Stress

Liangyoupeijiu is a super high-yield hybrid rice. Despite its advantages with respect to yield and grain quality, it is sensitive to cold, which keeps it from being widely cultivated. We subjected Liangyoupeijiu seedlings to 4 ℃ cold treatment, then extracted the leaf proteins. After 2-D gel electrophoresis separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, a series of differentially displayed proteins were identified. Some metabolism-associated proteins were found among the downregulated proteins, such as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, transketolase 1, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The upregulated proteins included both stress-resistance proteins such as nucleoside diphosphate kinase I and proteins that are negative for rice growth, such as FtsH-like protein, plastid fusion and/or translocation factor （Pftf） and actin. Our results indicate that cold may inhibit Liangyoupeijiu growth through decreasing metabolic activity and damaging cell structure.