Studies on Enhancing Yield of Embryos in Microspore Culture of Brassica napus L.

In ecological zone of Chengdu, Sichuan, microspore culture was carried out in Brassica napus L. to study the influencing factors on microspore culture. The results showed that the temperature on microspore formation stage, day and night temperature, disinfection solution of buds, cultivation concentration on microspore and strain-age were both important influencing factors on microspore culture. At a temperature below 5 ℃ or above 20 ℃, the material had a much lower embryo producing rate or even could not produce any embryo, but at the optimum temperature of 10 -15 ℃ the embryo yield was up to 300 pieces per bud; the best cultivation effect appeared when 0. 1% HgCl2 was used for disin- fection; the best density of microspore was 3 -4 buds per dish; In 2009, while strain-age was from 125 d to 150 d, the microspore embryo yield increased as strain-age increased. When stain-age was 150 days, the microspore embryo yield was up to the highest, but the yield declined after 150 days.

Population Construction and Super-high Yield Characteristics of Japonica Super Rice in Cold Regions

[Objective] This study was conducted to construct a super-high yield population of Japnica rice in cold regions of North China and to explore its characteristics. [Method] The super rice variety Longjing 21 was selected as the experimental material. Different row spacing（two levels）, plant spacing（three levels） and seedling number per hill（three levels） were designed in field trials. Then, the growth stages,dry matter accumulation, leaf area, yield and yield components of these different treatments were measured. [Result] Rice yield had significantly negative correlation with plant spacing and row spacing, but no significant correlation with seedling number per hill. Rice yield was mainly affected by plant spacing, and less affected by seedling number per hill. The best recommended specifications for plant spacing of super rice variety Longjing 21 were 24 cm for row spacing, 12 cm for plant spacing and five seedlings per hill, and the expected yield was 10 473.0 kg/hm^2.The increased number of total spikelets（4.5×108hm2or more） in populations was the major reason for high yield. Super-high yield populations had fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved the expected number of productive tillers at critical leaf-age（June 25）, and tiller number peaked at jointing stage（July 6） and was about 1.2 times of the expected number. The percentage of productive tillers in total tillers of super-high yield population was more than 85% at heading stage. At middle growth stage（from jointing to heading stage）, the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index（LAI） at heading stage, effective leaf area, spikelet number of population,spikelet number per leaf area unit（cm2）, and culm-sheath weight per stem of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations.At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate of super-high yield population was significantly smaller than that of other populations. At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass accumulation, number of filled grains per leaf area unit（cm^2） and grain weight per leaf area unit（cm^2） of high-yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations. Output and translocation of dry matter（weight per stem and sheath and total filling rate at maturity） from heading to milky stage of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations. [Conclusion] The characteristics of superhigh yield rice in cold region of North China are enriching the amount of actual filling of sink through improving photosynthetic efficiency from heading to maturity stage on the basis of enough panicle numbers.

Rice-duck co-culture benefits grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline accumulation and quality and yield enhancement of fragrant rice

Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture on enzyme activity involved in the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the volatile that gives fragrant rice its' distinctive and sought-after aroma. The present study aimed to examine the influence of rice-duck co-culture on the photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, rice aroma, and the enzymes involved in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in the cultivar Meixiangzhan 2 during the early and late rice growing seasons of 2016 in Guangzhou, China. We compared the rice grown in paddy fields with and without ducks. We found that rice-duck co-culture not only improved the yield and quality of fragrant rice grain, but also promoted the precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis formation and 2-AP accumulation in the grain. Grain 2-AP content in rice-duck co-culture was noticeably increased with 9.60% and 20.81% in early and late seasons, respectively. Proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) (precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis) and the activity of enzymes such as proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and Δ1 pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS) were all improved by 10.15%–12.99%, 32.91%–47.75%, 17.81%–26.71%, 6.25%–21.78%, and 10.58%–38.87% under rice-duck co-culture in both seasons, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that rice-duck co-culture is an environmentally-friendly and sustainable approach to improving rice aroma and grain quality of fragrant rice.

Growth Yields of Four <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>Isolates in Four Different Cell Culture Lines

Although Coxiella burnetii is considered to be an obligate intracellular bacterium and grows in embryonated eggs, laboratory animals and cell culture, recently it has been grown in cell-free media and on agar plates. This current study was conducted to compare four cell lines for their yield of C. burnetii. Four different isolates of C. burnetii (Henzerling, Arandale, Cumberland and Timony) were grown in DH82, L929, Vero and XTC-2 cell lines. The DH82 and XTC-2 cells lines produced the highest C. burnetii yield which was slightly less than the yields achieved in recently published studies using cell free media. The Arandale isolate of C. burnetii produced a significantly higher yield in DH82 cells compared to XTC-2 cells (P 0.03).

Effects of Different Ridge Culture Ways on Stem Diameter,Plant Height,the Number of Leaves and Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under Dry Farming Conditions

The variety "Aifeng" was used as experimental material,and the stem diameter,plant height,the number of leaves and yield of P. vulgaris under three ways of ridge culture (bedding,high ridge and M ridge) were observed and detected to study the effects of different ridge cultures on the growth and yield. The results showed that the stem diameter,plant height,the number of leaves and yield under M ridge culture were higher than that of bedding and high ridge.

Relationship between Pepper Cultivars' Yields and High Temperatures with Pepper in Different Genotypes

[Objective] The aim was to research effects of high temperature stress on pepper yield by cultivation of peppers in different genotypes and provide theoretical references for pepper breeding and high-yield cultivation. [Method] Four pepper va- rieties were studied with varied genotypes to explore effects of temperatures on pepper fruiting and yield in the whole growth stage. [Result] The optimal-temperatre term for pepper blooming and fruiting were shorter. For example, the periods from June 16 to July 15 and from August 16 to September 15 would be the best, with temperature ranging from 20.70 ℃ to 30.74 ℃. In the stage from July 16 to August 15, the temperature range of 24.22 ℃-32.17 ℃ would severely affect pepper growth and yield. Pepper No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1＇s yields were just 38.21% and 51.74% of the yields in the stage 1st and 52.01% and 62.35% in the stage 3rd and eady No. 1 and late No. 1 were 48.1% and 72.38%, respectively. Under high tem- perature stress in summer, pepper No. 1, pepper No. 1-1, and late No. 1 showed extremely significant differences with early No. 1 （P〈0.01）. The yield ratios of pep- per No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1 in stage 1st （May 25-July 15） and the later three stages were 42.34：57.66 and 39.50：60.50; the ratio was 47.99：52.21 of early No. 1; the ratio of late No. 1 was 20.25：79.75. [Conclusion] The cultivation approaches should vary upon pepper variety, necessitating the focus on pepper management, fertilization, and irrigation, and locating peak-blooming term in moderate-temperature stage to accelerate pepper growth.

稻蟹共生模式对稻田水分循环和养分淋失的影响

稻蟹共生种养是全面推进我国特别是东北地区乡村振兴的特色产业,但养蟹稻田和常规稻田水分循环和水土环境特征究竟有何差异尚不清楚。为定量表征稻蟹共生种养模式水分循环和水土环境特征,在辽河入海口两处大型养蟹灌区(营口灌区和大洼灌区)布设12个典型田块,以常规稻田为对照,对养蟹稻田逐日蒸腾蒸发量、逐日渗漏量、灌溉定额、水体和表层土壤养分动态、养分淋失以及水稻和螃蟹产量等进行定量研究。结果表明:稻蟹共生模式对水稻产量无显著影响,但河蟹产值的增加,使得养蟹稻田综合经济效益比常规稻田显著提高38.89%~76.49%(P<0.05)。与常规稻田相比,养蟹稻田灌溉定额和渗漏总量分别显著增加3.29%~20.93%(P<0.05)和5.66%~10.83%(P<0.05),水分生产率显著降低1.85%~9.28%(P<0.05),但单位用水综合产值显著增加33.34%~70.23%。与常规稻田相比,养蟹稻田田面水NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、速效磷和速效钾含量分别显著降低19.99%~37.24%、35.25%~56.22%、18.69%~20.30%和8.12%~9.36%(P<0.05),减轻了地表径流养分面源污染潜在风险。与常规稻田相比,养蟹稻田表层土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、速效磷和速效钾含量显著提高60.00%~83.88%、18.21%~44.97%、28.34%~54.56%和10.47%~21.24%(P<0.05),提升稻田土壤肥力。与常规稻田相比,养蟹稻田NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、速效磷和速效钾淋溶损失量分别显著增加20.60%~25.20%、26.24%~44.75%、14.15%~18.83%和4.31%~16.94%(P<0.05),促进养分向深层剖面(20~100 cm)转移。本研究揭示了稻蟹共生系统具有提高单位用水综合产值、降低径流污染风险、提升地力和增加稻田综合经济效益等巨大潜力,但其促进稻田养分淋失的问题不容忽视。本研究可为养蟹灌区绿色可持续发展和农民增收致富提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Characteristics of Growth and Yield Formation of Rice in Rice-Fish Farming System

By using single rice cultivation as a control, the effect of rice-fish culture on growth dynamic, plant type and yield formation of rice was studied. The results showed as follows： rice-fish culture improved the physical-chemical properties of arable layer soil of paddy field, extended growth period of rice, increased dry matter and LAI of different growth stages, improved three top leaves area, deterred the degeneration of leaves function, increased the diameter of stem, promoted the growth of roots and the formation of roots in the extended stem. At the same time, rice-fish culture extended the length of basal internodes, increased the number of internodes, uplifted the gravity of plant, and depressed the root vigor. For the grain yield and yield structure office, rice-fish culture decreased ear/tillering ratio, spikelet/panicle and seed set percentage, increased grain weight. If variety choice and cultivation technology were controlled appropriately, rice-fish culture could increase the effective panicles and improve grain yield of rice.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Elite Doubled Haploid Rice Genotypes for Yield Attributing Traits in White Nile State, Sudan

The development of new rice varieties is highly dependent on genetic diversity in desirable agronomic traits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential genotypes having the characters of Korean varieties (Tongil-type) and japonica developed through doubled haploid (DH) technology to apply in our breeding materials. 35 elite DH lines derived from another culture of Korean and African rice along with two local checks were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the two seasons of 2019 and 2020. All evaluated genotypes exhibited a wide and significant variation in the ten measured traits. The highest heritability related to high genetic advance was recorded for the number of tiller/plant, grain yield t/ha, number of filled grain per panicle, and thousand grain weights (g). Genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for number of tiller/plant, number of filled grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield t/ha in both seasons. Moreover, there was a highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield with number of filled grain per panicle (0.65), number of tiller/plant (0.64) and number of panicle per m2 (0.54). Cluster analysis based on grain yield components trait grouped the 37 rice genotypes into four clusters. Cluster B was the largest and consisted of 13 genotypes. Finally, it could be concluded that, based on number of productive tillers, number of filled grain/panicle, number of panicle per m2, and grain yield, the lines KF170506, KF170509, KF170542, KF170530, KF170543, KF170500 and KF170510 were high potential for further selection for new type of irrigated rice. In addition, hybridization of these 7 high-yielding could be used to achieve higher heterosis among the genotypes. Furthermore, this evaluation could be useful in developing reliable selection indices for improving rice breeding programs.

施氮量对川东南冬水田稻鱼共作系统下杂交稻产量和土壤养分的影响

【目的】利用川东南冬水田区连续多年稻鱼共作系统,研究施氮(N)量对免耕栽培杂交稻产量形成和土壤养分的影响,为制定稻鱼共作系统下免耕栽培杂交稻长期、合理的氮肥管理策略提供理论依据。【方法】于2018—2022年在川东南冬水田区开展了5年大田定位试验,供试杂交稻品种为蓉优1015和内6优103,耕作方式为免耕。设置N 0、45、90、135 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平,分别记作N_(0)、N_(45)、N_(90)、N_(135)。在水稻收获期,调查杂交稻产量及产量构成因素,分析0—20 cm土层土壤全量和速效氮、磷、钾含量,以及有机质含量和pH,通过回归分析,研究施氮量与水稻产量和土壤养分因子含量变化之间的关系。【结果】稻鱼共作系统下,年份、施氮量对杂交稻产量及产量构成的影响达极显著水平。5年间,杂交稻产量与施氮量均呈极显著正相关(r=0.9070^(**)~0.9720^(**)),与低氮量处理N_(45)相比,N_(90)和N_(135)处理杂交稻产量分别增加了6.37%~26.53%、9.11%~25.11%,单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数也显著增加。而N_(90)处理杂交稻产量与N_(135)处理相当或更高。逐步回归分析结果表明,杂交稻产量构成(单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重)与产量的偏相关系数达显著或极显著水平(t=2.20*~9.17^(**))。通径分析结果表明,杂交稻单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数对产量的直接贡献(分别为0.8754和0.4987)和总贡献(分别为0.6364和0.3598)较大,表明单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数是影响产量的主要因素。在N_(0)、N_(45)处理下,土壤全氮、碱解氮含量随稻鱼共作年限的增加而下降,而在N_(90)、N_(135)处理下随稻鱼共作年限的增加而增加。土壤全氮、碱解氮含量随施氮量增加而提高,而全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾含量则随施氮量增加而下降。杂交稻产量与土壤养分含量呈极显著正相关,可见提高磷素、钾素供给能力是稻鱼共作系统杂交稻高产的重要基础。【结论】川东南冬水田区稻鱼共作系统下,年施氮90 kg/hm^(2)可以提高杂交水稻的单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数,进而维持甚至提高水稻产量。连续施用中、高量氮肥还可以提升土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且随稻鱼共作年限延长呈增加趋势;土壤pH值则随稻鱼共作年限延长呈下降趋势。

干旱半干旱区不同中华钙果品种的生理及营养特性分析

为研究不同欧李品种在民勤地区的生长发育规律及营养价值,以引种的‘农大4号’‘、农大5号’、‘农大6号’3个中华钙果品种为材料,以当地野生的欧李生态苗为对照,分别对其生理生物学特性进行观测,并对营养成分进行测定。结果表明:(1)‘农大5号’叶长、宽、叶面积均大于对照‘、农大4号’和‘农大6号’。(2)引种的3个欧李品种的果纵径、横径均、单果重均大于对照,且‘农大5号’大于‘农大4号’和‘农大6号’,而果形指数‘农大5号’小于对照‘、农大4号’和‘农大6号’。(3)不同中华钙果品种中‘,农大5号’钙含量和蛋白质含量相对较高,维生素C含量相对较低。(4)中华钙果的结果量与结果枝数呈正相关,与单果重呈显著负相关关系;叶面积与结果枝数呈显著的负相关关系。由此可得,‘农大5号’生物学性状的表现性最佳,是适宜培育鲜食的优良品种。加强修剪和科学的管理技术,使植株保持适量的结果枝数和结果量,是实现优质高产的前提条件。

戈壁日光温室基质栽培辣椒产量、品质及果实脐腐病对钙肥的响应

以河西走廊戈壁日光温室基质槽式栽培辣椒为试材,采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了辣椒农艺性状、产量、品质及果实脐腐病对钙肥浓度的响应规律,以期为戈壁温室辣椒的高品质栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:钙肥浓度与果实和基质全钙呈极显著正相关关系,与脐腐病发病率呈极显著负相关,与果实可溶性糖、维生素C和产量呈显著正相关,与果实硝酸盐呈显著负相关,其中以喷施4 g·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)的作用效果最佳,与不施钙处理相比,产量提高了15.8%,果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C和全钙含量分别增加了10.8%、9.2%、5.9%和31.8%,硝酸盐含量降低了22.8%,果实脐腐病发生率平均降低了58.7%。可见,钙肥浓度与辣椒产量、品质和脐腐病发生率关系密切;外源钙可通过调控果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、硝酸盐和全钙含量,有效改善果实品质,提高产量,预防果实脐腐病。

马尾松组培苗幼林采脂试验分析

【目的】研究马尾松组培苗幼林产脂量与生长性状间的变化规律和松脂主要组分及含量特征,为马尾松早期利用和高产优质脂用原料林培育提供试验依据。【方法】以7年生马尾松组培苗人工林为研究对象,设置标准地开展采脂试验,测定胸径和树高,计算单株材积和产脂量,进行不同径级(树高级)间的产脂量比较分析,并拟合产脂量与径级和树高方程;通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测松脂样品主要化学组分和含量。【结果】7年生马尾松组培苗幼林平均产脂量为15.9 g·d^(-1)·株^(-1)。不同径级产脂量间差异显著(P<0.05),随林木径级增大产脂量随之增加,呈一元线性关系(R^(2)=0.99);不同树高级产脂量随树高增大而增加,呈幂函数关系(R^(2)=0.98)。胸径、树高和材积与产脂量间相关性极显著(P<0.01),可以实现同步改良。7年生马尾松组培苗幼林单位面积可采脂林木数量和产脂量分别是同等条件下实生苗林分的1.9倍和1.8倍。在40%的强度下,采脂对林木生长的影响尚未表现出明显差异。兼顾产脂量和生长性状,马尾松组培苗幼林起始采脂径级以18 cm径级为宜。从组培苗林分松脂样品中共检出α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、长叶烯、石竹烯、海松酸、山达海松酸、枞酸等单萜、倍半萜和二萜类化学物质22种,其主要组分及含量与常规经营中龄以上马尾松林分松脂基本一致。【结论】该立地条件下营造的7年生马尾松组培苗幼林产脂量、松脂品质已基本满足行业需求,在规范采脂的前提下可对其进行生产性采脂利用。采用马尾松组培苗造林在提早采脂和增加单位面积松脂产量方面具有较大的优势和潜力,为实现马尾松的早期化利用和松脂原料林的高质量培育提供了新的选择。

基于小孢子培养创制DW871矮秆彩色油菜新种质

彩色油菜具有油用和观赏价值,因易种植、花色鲜艳和开花时间长等特点备受关注。然而,目前报道彩色油菜多为高芥酸、高硫甙的高秆株型,不满足兼作观赏和油用推广应用要求。因此,选育品质优良、株型适宜的彩色油菜新种质是观赏油菜的育种目标之一。本研究中以具有特异花序性状、观赏价值大的DW871为基础材料,与普通彩色高秆油菜杂交后,F1代利用小孢子培养技术创制具有DW871特性同时品质优良的彩色花新种质。研究表明,采用前期集成的油菜小孢子培养技术,产胚率达到了312~507胚/蕾,共纯合到14株彩色花油菜,其中白色花5株,橘红色花4株,金桔色花5株。经过农艺性状调查和品质分析,从DH植株中筛选出的Y57是一株含有DW871特异花序、矮杆、金桔色花、品质“双低”的优良新种质,株高88 cm,一次分支数18个,含油量39%,蛋白质含量25.96%,芥酸为0.95%,硫苷为28.15μmol/g饼,是培育集观赏和油用价值的甘蓝型彩色油菜新种质,具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。

果园生草栽培技术研究进展

果园生草是国内外推行的果园生产管理模式,也是果园可持续发展的必然途径。但我国大多数地区仍然采用传统的“清耕”种植模式,且为追求效益而大量施用化肥、除草剂,极易造成土壤侵蚀和土壤压实等现象,从而导致果品质量下降。果园种草后残根落叶等凋落物可以在酸性土壤条件中缓慢降解或转化形成少量腐殖质,有利于表层土壤有机质含量逐渐增加,进而促进农田土壤质量的提高。对目前我国果园的生草草种选择原则,以及果园生草对果园土壤理化性质、果树生长发育和果实品质的影响进行了综述,可为果园生草栽培技术推广以及高营养的绿色果品生产提供借鉴。

氮肥后移对稻鱼共生模式下水稻和禾花鲤鱼生长及田间水质环境的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究稻鱼共生模式下氮肥后移对水稻Oryza sativa产量、稻米品质、氮肥利用率、田鱼存活率、田鱼产量、鱼肉品质以及稻田水质环境的影响,为该模式下稳定水稻产量和田鱼产量、提高氮肥利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交稻‘泰丰优208’和常规稻‘19香’以及禾花鱼Cyprinus carpio品种‘乳源石鲤1号’为试验材料,设计不施氮肥(M0)、一次性基施氮肥(M1,不添加追肥)和氮肥后移(M2,基肥和追肥质量比为7∶3)共3个试验处理,施氮处理的总施氮量为早季150 kg·hm^(−2)和晚季180 kg·hm^(−2)。【结果】与M1处理相比,M2处理的水稻茎蘖数、中后期叶片SPAD值和氮素吸收利用率(REN)提高。早、晚季M2处理的REN分别比M1处理提高25.82%~91.11%和62.74%~67.35%,M1和M2处理的稻米碾磨品质与外观品质无显著差异。M2处理显著增加了水稻穗分化初期的水体电导率以及总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量(P<0.05),同时显著降低了鲤鱼肉粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),但对禾花鲤鱼存活率和产量无显著影响。【结论】稻鱼共生系统中氮肥后移在稳定水稻和禾花鲤鱼产量的同时,可以提高水稻氮肥利用率,降低禾花鲤鱼粗脂肪含量,对稻米品质和鲤鱼肉蛋白质及总氨基酸含量无显著影响。

穗肥施钾量和叶面肥对稻虾共作水稻生理特性、产量和品质的影响

研究穗肥施钾量[0 kg/hm^(2)(S0)、45 kg/hm^(2)(S1)、90 kg/hm^(2)(S2)]和叶面肥[不喷施叶面肥(P0)和喷施叶面肥(P1)]对稻虾共作水稻生理特性、产量和品质的影响,以期为稻虾共作模式下的水稻绿色高产优质栽培提供科学依据。结果表明,喷施叶面肥、施用穗肥钾均可提高水稻剑叶SPAD值,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBisCO)活性,过氧化物酶(POD)活性,可溶性糖含量,地上部干物质积累量,茎叶干物质转运量、转运率及其对籽粒的贡献率,同时降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,总体上以S1P1处理最优。喷施叶面肥、施用穗肥钾均可提高穗实粒数、结实率,进而提高产量,P1处理使S0、S1和S2条件下产量分别增加13.60%、9.76%和6.55%,S1和S2处理使产量分别提高3.70%和2.47%,以S1P1处理产量最高。与P0处理相比,S0和S1条件下,P1处理稻米的整精米率分别显著提高2.21%和1.82%,垩白粒率显著降低55.88%和50.01%,垩白度显著降低49.98%和50.00%,总蛋白质含量显著降低8.77%和12.08%;与S0处理相比,S1和S2处理稻米的垩白粒率分别显著降低11.23%和30.61%,S1处理稻米的总蛋白质含量显著降低4.15%;总体以S1P1处理效果最好。综合来看,喷施叶面肥、施用穗肥钾可以改善叶片光合作用,提高地上部干物质的积累、转运,提高产量和品质,以S1P1处理效果最好。

红芝LYL263混合培养高产漆酶菌株的筛选

以产漆酶的红芝LYL263菌株为试材,采用不同微生物混合培养的方法,研究了红芝LYL263与苏平平菇、白金金针菇、凤尾菇混合培养的产酶效果和产酶条件,以期能筛选出提高红芝LYL263产漆酶的相容菌株以及与之相适应的产酶条件。结果表明:红芝LYL263与其相容菌株-苏平平菇混合培养后漆酶活性达到1346.4 U·mL^(-1),比红芝LYL263单独培养产酶提高35.7%;红芝LYL263与苏平平菇的接种比例为4:2时,其产酶量最高,最优接种时间是同时接入红芝LYL263和苏平平菇。

稻渔共生模式下水稻种植覆盖率对水稻产量和鱼塘水质的影响

稻渔共生是“一水两用”的生态农业模式,有利于在稳定水产养殖的同时增加粮食产量。以优质籼稻品种粤香430和五山丝苗为试验材料,在养殖澳洲淡水龙虾鱼塘中开展不同水稻种植覆盖率(0%、25%、50%和75%)对水稻产量和鱼塘水质的影响,以为优化稻渔共生技术、提高稻渔产量和效益提供科学依据;同时以30个水稻品种(种植覆盖率约37.1%)为参试材料,在养殖大口黑鲈鱼塘中进行水稻品种筛选试验。结果表明,水稻种植覆盖率50%和75%处理的稻谷产量明显高于覆盖率25%的处理,其中,粤香430以覆盖率50%处理的产量最高,五山丝苗以覆盖率75%处理的产量最高。种稻养虾模式下鱼塘水体的硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)、化学需氧量(COD)和生化需氧量(BOD)浓度均显著低于不种稻处理(覆盖率0%),水体总有机碳(TOC)在水稻生长前期也表现相同趋势,水体酸碱值(pH)和溶解氧含量(DO)在整个水稻生育期内无显著变化。在鱼塘种稻养殖大口黑鲈模式下,华航48号、双黄占、青香优丝苗、粤香430、泰丰优208和五山丝苗的稻谷产量较高,均达到5.50 t/hm^(2)以上。综上所述,稻虾共生模式下50%水稻种植覆盖率具有较稳定的水稻产量和净化养殖水质,适合在鱼塘养殖澳洲淡水龙虾模式应用。

春小麦新品种宁春 63 号选育及综合表现

宁春63号是宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所以春小麦引进品种(系)巴02-509和自育品种宁春35号杂交,杂交后代采用小麦与玉米杂交产生的单倍体育种方法,幼胚经过组织培养和染色体加倍定向选育而成的春小麦新品种。宁春63号在植物学特征特性和部分农艺性状上继承和遗传了亲本宁春35号的遗传性状,在产量及产量构成因素、品质和抗病性上均较宁春4号有了较大改良和提高,是单倍体育种与生物技术育种结合的成功典例。