Valence electronic engineering of superhydrophilic Dy-evoked Ni-MOF outperforming RuO_(2) for highly efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Tackling the problem of poor conductivity and catalytic stability of pristine metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) is crucial to improve their oxygen evolution reaction(OER) performance.Herein,we introduce a novel strategy of dysprosium(Dy) doping,using the unique 4f orbitals of this rare earth element to enhance electrocatalytic activity of MOFs.Our method involves constructing Dy-doped Ni-MOF(Dy@Ni-MOF) nanoneedles on carbon cloth via a Dy-induced valence electronic perturbation approach.Experiments and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal that Dy doping can effectively modify the electronic structure of the Ni active centers and foster a strong electronic interaction between Ni and Dy.The resulting benefits include a reduced work function and a closer proximity of the d-band center to the Fermi level,which is conducive to improving electrical conductivity and promoting the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates.Furthermore,the Dy@Ni-MOF achieves superhydrophilicity,ensuring effective electrolyte contact and thus accelerating reaction kinetics,Ex-situ and in-situ analysis results manifest Dy_(2)O_(3)/NiOOH as the actual active species.Therefore,Dy@Ni-MOF shows impressive OER performance,significantly surpassing Ni-MOF.Besides,the overall water splitting device with Dy@NiMOF as an anode delivers a low cell voltage of 1.51 V at 10 mA cm^(-2) and demonstrates long-term stability for 100 h,positioning it as a promising substitute for precious metal catalysts.

Hierarchically wood-derived integrated electrode with tunable superhydrophilic/superaerophobic surface for efficient urea electrolysis

Conferring surfaces with superhydrophilic/superaerophobic characteristics is desirable for synthesizing efficient gas reaction catalysts.However,complicated procedures,high costs,and poor interfaces hinder commercialization.Here,an integrated electrode with tunable wettability derived from a hierarchically porous wood scaffold was well designed for urea oxidation reaction(UOR).Interestingly,the outer surface of the wood lumen was optimized to the preferred wettability via stoichiometry to promote electrolyte permeation and gas escape.This catalyst exhibits outstanding activity and durability for UOR in alkaline media,requiring only a potential of 1.36 V(vs.RHE)to deliver 10 m A cm^(-2)and maintain its activity without significant decay for 60 h.These experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the nickel(oxy)hydroxide layer formed through surface reconstruction of nickel nanoparticles improves the active sites and intrinsic activity.Moreover,the superwetting properties of the electrode promote mass transfer by guaranteeing substantial contact with the electrolyte and accelerating the separation of gaseous products during electrocatalysis.These findings provide the understanding needed to manipulate the surface wettability through rational design and fabrication of efficient electrocatalysts for gas-evolving processes.

Ambient Fast Synthesis of Superaerophobic/Superhydrophilic Electrode for Superior Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

Developing cost-effective and facile methods to synthesize efficient and stable electrocatalysts for large-scale water splitting is highly desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this study,a facile ambient temperature synthesis of hierarchical nickel-iron(oxy)hydroxides nanosheets on iron foam(FF-FN)with both superhydrophilicity and superaerophobicity is reported.Specifically,the as-fabricated FF-FN electrode demonstrates extraordinary oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity with an ultralow overpotential of 195 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 34 mV dec^(-1)in alkaline media.Further theoretical investigation indicates that the involved lattice oxygen in nickel-iron-based-oxyhydroxide during electrochemical self-reconstruction can significantly reduce the OER reaction overpotential via the dominated lattice oxygen mechanism.The rechargeable Zn-air battery assembled by directly using the as-prepared FF-FN as cathode displays remarkable cycling performance.It is believed that this work affords an economical approach to steer commercial Fe foam into robust electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion and storage systems.

Fully Superhydrophilic, Self-Floatable, and Multi-Contamination-Resistant Solar Steam Generator Inspired by Seaweed

Highly hydrophilic materials enable rapid water delivery and salt redissolution in solar-driven seawater desalination. However, the lack of independent floatability inhibits heat localization at the air/water interface. In nature, seaweeds with internal gas microvesicles can float near the sea surface to ensure photosynthesis. Here, we have developed a seaweed-inspired, independently floatable, but superhydrophilic (SIFS) solar evaporator. It needs no extra floatation support and can simultaneously achieve continuous water pumping and heat concentration. The evaporator resists salt accumulation, oil pollution, microbial corrosion, and protein adsorption. Densely packed hollow glass microbeads promote intrinsic floatability and heat insulation. Superhydrophilic zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogel provides a continuous water supply, redissolves the deposited salt, and endows the SIFS evaporator with excellent anti-fouling properties. With its unprecedented anti-contamination ability, this SIFS evaporator is expected to open a new avenue for designing floatable superhydrophilic materials and solving real-world issues of solar steam generation in complex environmental conditions.

Femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces

The preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic interface materials has become a research hotspot because of their wide application in self-cleaning, drag reduction, oil-water separation, anti-oil pollution and so on. The unique wettability of organisms gives inspiration to design and create new interface materials. This review focuses on the recent research progress of femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces. This review starts with a presentation of the related background including the advantages of femtosecond laser and wettability theoretical basis. Then, organisms with unique wettability in nature, the preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces by femtosecond lasers on different materials, and their related important applications are introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects with regard to this field are provided.

Osteoconductivity of Superhydrophilic Anodized TiO₂Coatings on Ti Treated with Hydrothermal Processes

Surface hydrophilicity is considered to have a strong influence on the biological reactions of bone-substituting materials. However, the influence of a hydrophilic surface on osteoconductivity is not completely clear, especially for superhydrophilic surfaces. In this study, we conferred superhydrophilic properties on anodized TiO2 coatings using a hydrothermal treatment, and developed a method to maintain this surface until implantation. The osteoconductivity of these coatings was evaluated with in vivo tests. A hydrothermal treatment made the surface of as-anodized samples more hydrophilic, up to a water contact angle of 13 (deg.). Storage in both air and distilled water increased the water contact angle after several days because of the adsorption of hydrocarbon. However, storage in phosphate buffered solution led to a reduction in the water contact angle, because of the adsorption of the inorganic ions in the solution, and the sample retained its high hydrophilicity for a long time. As the water contact angle decreased, the hard tissue formation ratio increased continuously up to 58%, which was about four times higher than the hard tissue formation ratio on as-polished Ti.

Superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surfaces:From simplified fabrication to emerging applications

Superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surfaces constitute a branch of surface chemistry involving the two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity combined on the same surface in precise patterns.Such surfaces have many advantages,including controllable wettability,enrichment ability,accessibility,and the ability to manipulate and pattern water droplets,and they offer new functionalities and possibilities for a wide variety of emerging applications,such as microarrays,biomedical assays,microfluidics,and environmental protection.This review presents the basic theory,simplified fabrication,and emerging applications of superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surfaces.First,the fundamental theories of wettability that explain the spreading of a droplet on a solid surface are described.Then,the fabrication methods for preparing superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surfaces are introduced,and the emerging applications of such surfaces that are currently being explored are highlighted.Finally,the remaining challenges of constructing such surfaces and future applications that would benefit from their use are discussed.

Fabrication of superhydrophilic surface on copper substrate by electrochemical deposition and sintering process

Superhydrophilic surfaces were fabricated on copper substrates by an electrochemical deposition and sintering process. Superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by constructing micro/nano-structure on copper substrates through an electrochemical deposition method. Conversion from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic was obtained via a suitable sintering process. After reduction sintering, the contact angle of the superhydrophilic surfaces changed from 155° to 0°. The scanning electron microscope （SEM） images show that the morphology of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces looks like corals and cells respectively. The chemical composition and crystal structure of these surfaces were examined using energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the main components on superhydrophobic surfaces are Cu, Cu2O and CuO, while the superhydrophilic surfaces are composed of Cu merely. The crystal structure is more inerratic and the grain size becomes bigger after the sintering. The interracial strength of the superhydrophilic surfaces was investigated, showing that the interfacial strength between superhydrophilic layer and copper substrate is considerably high.

Wettability Control between Oleophobic/Superhydrophilic and Superoleophilic/Superhydrophobic Characteristics on the Modified Surface Treated with Fluoroalkyl End-Capped Oligomers/Micro-Sized Polystyrene Particle Composites

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane-N,N-dimethylacrylamide cooligomer [RF-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)x-(CH2-CHC(=O)NMe2)y-RF;RF = CF(CF3)OC3F7: RF-(VM)x-(DMAA)y-RF] was synthesized by reaction of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide [RF-C(=O)O-O(O=)C-RF] with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The modified glass surface treated with the cooligomeric nanoparticles [RF-(VM-SiO3/2)x-(DMAA)y-RF] prepared under the sol-gel reaction of the cooligomer under alkaline conditions was found to exhibit an oleophobic/superhydrophilic property, although the corresponding fluorinated homooligomeric nanoparticles [RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF] afforded an oleophobic/hydrophobic property on the modified surface under similar conditions. RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/RF-(VM-SiO3/2)x-(DMAA)y-RF/PSt (micro-sized polystyrene particles) composites, which were prepared by the sol-gel reactions of the corresponding homooligomer and cooligomer in the presence of PSt particle under alkaline conditions, provided an oleophobic/superhydrophilic property on the modified surface. However, it was demonstrated that the surface wettability on the modified surface treated with the RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/RF-(VM-SiO3/2)x-(DMAA)y-RF/PSt composites changes dramatically from oleophobic/superhydrophilic to superoleophilic/superhydrophilic and superoleophilic/superhydrophobic characteristics, increasing with greater feed ratios (mg/mg) of the RF-(VM)n-RF homooligomer in homooligomer/cooligomer from 0 to 100 in the preparation of the composites. Such controlled surfac

飞秒激光选区微织构AlN超浸润平板热管

目的为了提升AlN基板的散热性能,研究嵌入式一体化AlN平板热管的激光加工方法。方法通过飞秒激光微织构技术结合热处理工艺制备出AlN亲疏水组合表面,并组装嵌入式一体化平板热管,测试其传热性能。通过三维表面轮廓仪、SEM、EDS和XPS分别分析表面的三维轮廓、形貌、元素含量和化学成分,研究表面亲、疏水的形成机理。结果楔形亲疏组合AlN平板热管的启动时间、启动温度均最低,相较于全超亲水样品,启动时间降低了14.9%,启动温度降低了6.0%。楔形亲疏组合热管的热阻最低,热流密度最高。相较于全亲水热管,热阻降低了33%,热流密度提升了2%。结论AlN陶瓷表面经过激光织构会产生AlOx(多价铝氧化物),具有较高的表面能,呈超亲水状态。热处理能使表面充分氧化,降低表面能,呈超疏水状态。嵌入一体化AlN平板热管的设计和无化学激光选区微织构方法,为电子陶瓷基板的散热提供了一种新思路。

聚丙烯织物表面超亲水涂层构筑及其油水分离性能

[目的]为得到具有优秀耐久性和高油水分离效率的超亲水性聚丙烯(PP)分离材料。[方法]通过将天然来源的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与聚丙烯织物共价结合,制备出一种具有超亲水-水下超疏油性能涂层的改性PP织物。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对改性后的样品进行分析,利用接触角测量仪和自建油水分离装置测试了改性PP织物的润湿性及油水分离性能。[结果]改性PP织物在空气中的水接触角低至0°,在水下对不同油(包括正己烷、甲苯、煤油、柴油、汽油和石油醚)的接触角都不低于150°,对油水混合物的分离效率都可达到98%以上,分离时的水通量高达69449 L/(m^(2)·h)以上。经过50次循环分离、酸碱盐溶液腐蚀浸泡8 h、砂纸刮擦30次、高含沙量水冲刷2 h等多项测试后,改性PP织物均保持优异的水下疏油性和大于97%的油水分离效率。从微观结构与化学组成的角度揭示了是表面粗糙度与亲水基团的协同作用使PP织物由最初的疏水亲油转变为超亲水-水下超疏油。[结论]通过化学键连接的方式可以在PP织物表面成功构筑牢固结合的超亲水涂层。该改性过程绿色、简便、低成本,能赋予PP织物优异、耐久的油水分离性能。改性后的PP织物有望在复杂水体环境下的油水分离场景中应用。

特殊润湿性膜在油水分离中的应用进展

石油泄漏和含油废水排放严重污染生态环境,油水分离技术是涉油污染治理的重要手段。由于低耗能、简单高效等优点,特殊润湿性的膜材料在油水分离方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。基于润湿性相关理论和分离机理,总结了超疏水/超亲油膜、超亲水/水下超疏油膜、Janus膜和智能响应膜等油水分离膜的研究进展,并对油水分离膜的优缺点进行了分析,对将来的发展提出了展望。

棉织物表面耐久超双疏涂层的制备方法及其性能

为实现超双疏棉织物的高效制备,将全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(PFDMS)与氨水和无水乙醇(EtOH)复配水解,通过一步浸渍法制备了耐久超双疏棉织物。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪对织物的表面形貌及元素组成进行分析,探讨了PFDMS用量及水解时间对织物表面润湿性的影响,测试了织物表面超双疏涂层的稳定性、耐久性和自清洁性能。结果表明:当PFDMS与EtOH的体积比为3∶50时,不同水解时间整理的棉织物均具有超双疏特性,水解10 min时整理棉织物的水接触角高达157.2°±0.3°,油接触角为150.0°±1.4°;PFDMS整理后的棉织物表面引入了CF_(2)、CF_(3)基团,F、Si元素的含量分别为0.66%和3.37%;整理棉织物经10000次循环磨擦、600 min超声波洗涤、24 h紫外光老化、24 h酸碱溶液或有机溶剂浸泡后,仍然具有超疏水和疏油特性。该方法及工艺简单高效,所制备的超双疏棉织物在自清洁领域具有潜在的应用前景和价值。

仿生集水表面的研究进展及应用

淡水资源紧缺是当今全球面临的严峻挑战,随着全球人口增长和气候变化的影响,人类面临着日益严重的水资源短缺问题。近年的研究结果显示,通过仿生手段从大气中获取水资源,是一种备受关注的可行方法,仿生集水技术应运而生。仿生集水技术具有广泛的应用潜力,在大气水收集、海水淡化、工业废水回收和微流控等多个领域具备较好的应用前景。综述了近年来仿生集水技术的发展现状、制备工艺、集水原理和应用前景,总结了基于新型生物学水收集原理的仿生材料/结构/表面处理方法和应用研究现状,分析了仿生集水技术当前面临的问题,包括非均匀润湿集水表面相关理论的深入研究、集水表面耐久性提高及高效低成本制备工艺的开发等,未来的研究方向可集中在提高仿生材料集水性能的可持续性和制备成本的降低等方面,以推动该技术的商业化推广和规模化应用。通过持续的研究和创新,有望看到更多高效、经济的仿生集水技术出现,为人类面临的水资源短缺挑战提供有效的解决方案。

自清洁超亲水表面处理油田污水的研究进展

具有自清洁效应的超亲水表面因其简单的操作、高效的分离效率、绿色低廉的制作成本等优势而成为能源和环境领域备受关注的研究热点。对现阶段自清洁超亲水表面的研究进展进行了综述,首先介绍了自清洁超亲水表面的主流制备方法,并解释了自清洁超亲水表面的工作机制,然后阐述了其在处理油田污水方面的具体应用,最后总结了自清洁超亲水表面研究现阶段的成果和局限性,并对其未来发展方向做出了展望。

超亲氮化碳-硅藻土复合滤层油包水乳液快速破乳

目的实现高黏度油品油包水乳液的快速高效破乳。方法以三聚氰胺为原料,通过热聚法制备超亲水材料氮化碳,采用制备的氮化碳混合硅藻土制备复合滤饼,通过抽滤实现高黏度油包水乳液快速破乳。结果含质量分数为1.5%氮化碳的0.5 cm氮化碳-硅藻土滤饼可实现水含量在6%(w)以内,乳滴粒径在2.32μm及以上,油包水乳液完全破乳,20 kPa真空度的破乳速率可达3.57 L/min,破乳效率为97.36%,油回收率为99.72%以上;增大破乳用滤饼厚度,可用于更高含水量乳液的破乳;破乳基于超亲氮化碳对水的强吸引力和硅藻土微孔破碎共同作用。结论氮化碳-硅藻土滤饼可实现油包水乳液快速高效破乳,具工业实用前景。

水下超疏油P(NIPAm-co-TMSPMA)/SiO_(2)复合涂层的制备及性能

为制备具有水下超疏油性能的P(NIPAm-co-TMSPMA)/SiO_(2)复合涂层,通过自由基聚合制备聚合物P(NIPAm-co-TMSPMA),采用溶胶-凝胶法制备P(NIPAm-co-TMSPMA)/SiO_(2)复合溶液,采用浸渍提拉法制备P(NIPAm-co-TMSPMA)/SiO_(2)复合涂层。通过FTIR、^(1)H-NMR、GPC、热重分析、SEM、接触角仪、UV对聚合物及复合涂层进行测试分析。实验结果表明:随SiO_(2)质量分数的增加,亲水性逐渐降低,水下疏油性呈现先增大后降低的趋势;当SiO_(2)质量分数为30%时,水下油接触角为156°,涂层具有较低粘附力,表明复合涂层具有较大的水下疏油接触角和较低粘附力,表现出良好水下超疏油性能。蛋白质吸附实验结果表明:空白样品表面蛋白质吸附量为163μg/cm^(2),复合涂层表面蛋白质吸附量为82μg/cm^(2),表现出一定的抗蛋白质吸附性能。由于复合涂层具有良好的水下超疏油性、极低粘附力以及一定的抗蛋白质吸附性能,为其在生物医学领域上的应用提供了可能。

贻贝仿生矿化超亲水表面膜的制备及其油-水分离性能

频繁的海洋原油泄漏、无序且随意的工业含油污水排放催生出高效油-水分离材料迫切需求.融合膜分离技术和表面工程策略构建的超亲水膜实现了高效的油-水分离而引发广泛关注.本文利用贻贝仿生矿化的策略,结合贻贝启发快速沉积和层层自组装矿化两步法,在各种膜表面成功制备了界面稳定且具有优异抗污染性能的超亲水/水下超疏油涂层.由于其突出的超亲水和水下驱油能力,涂层膜能够高效分离油-水混合物以及表面活性剂稳定的水包油乳液.此外,由于优异的界面稳定性,超亲水表面膜实现了长效的油-水乳液分离.这些优异的性能加上其简便的制造工艺,使其成为油-水分离的理想材料.

耐久的超亲水性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜

为提高聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜的亲水耐久性并赋予其一定的抗污染和抗菌的功能性,提出了一种低成本、简单的表面改性方法。亲水性的增强是表面化学成分和微纳粗糙度结构协同作用的结果。使用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为亲水改性剂,戊二醛(GA)作为交联剂,在PTFE中空纤维表面构建了一层抗菌亲水层。在γ-缩水氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)的作用下,膜纤维表面成功形成了微纳米结构,进一步增强了膜纤维的亲水性和耐久性。值得注意的是,改性后的中空纤维膜具有超亲水性(WAC=0°)和出色的水通量(8185.38±178.27 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1))。经过14 d的酸(pH=1)、碱(pH=14)以及强氧化剂(3000 ppm Na⁃ClO)溶液人工加速清洗后,改性膜仍保持其超亲水性,且不损失水通量。研究表明,这种简便的亲水改性策略使得PTFE中空纤维膜在污水处理领域具有实际应用价值。

构造具有超疏水/超亲水性材料的研究进展

油水分离不仅是科学研究,也是实际工程应用的一个重要领域。超疏水/超亲水材料具有优良的疏水性能和疏油性能,是处理石油污染废水的首选材料。近年来,通过观察自然界荷叶的抗水能力、水黾在水面上的顺畅行走以及猪笼草的特有的光滑表面与其定向运输等现象引起了人们对超疏水/超亲水表面的关注与研究。文章解释了超疏水/超亲水表面的理论基础,并阐述与讨论了其最新研究进展。由于超疏水/超亲水材料可以从根本上改变水与表面的相互作用,因此,该技术可能是改变目前油水分离现状的重要措施。