Analysis of Changing Landscape Pattern in Baiyangdian before and after Ecological Water Supplement Project Based on RS and GIS

By using TM remote sensing images of Baiyangdian Wetland in 1989,1999,2003 and 2004,taking the water area between Anxin County and Cangzhou where most of Baiyangdian Wetland water body lies for landscape classification,changes in landscape pattern of Baiyangdian before and after the water supplement were analyzed with landscape indexes calculated by Fragstats3.3. The results showed that after the water supplement,from the perspective of landscape cell index,fractal dimension of major ecosystems in Baiyangdian decreased to some extent;from the perspective of landscape diversity index,diversity index of the study region also decreased,which demonstrated that ecosystem diversity in this region reduced,land cover grew to simplification;and the decreasing evenness degree of the study region also showed the uneven development of its ecosystems. That is to say,water supplement has brought favorable ecological changes to the eco-environment of Baiyangdian,which has further optimized the health condition of ecosystems in this region.

Influence of a Liquid Nutritional Supplement on Water Intake in Experimental Beagle Dogs

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of a liquid nutritional supplement formulated for dogs on water intakes and urine output. A liquid nutritional supplement was tested by way of a cross-over design in 8 experimental healthy Beagle dogs (4 males and 4 females, aged 9.3 years). The supplement (87 percent water, 2.7 percent protein, 2.6 percent fat, 0.4 percent crude fiber) was added to water and tested at 2 incorporation rates (50 or 70 ml/day/dog—D50 or D70) versus the control placebo (CO-water only). The dogs were kept in a controlled environment;water intakes and urine output were measured. Individual water intakes were characterised by large variations. Mean water intake increased significantly by 28 percent in dogs receiving the liquid nutritional supplement, in both genders, irrespectively of the dosage. Urine output was also increased, by 55 percent. Faeces scores remained unchanged. It was concluded that the liquid supplement increased water intake and urine output in a safe way, without increasing dramatically the daily dietary sodium chloride intake. The recommended dosage of the manufacturer—50 ml/day for dogs weighing 10 - 20 kg BW is efficient. Increasing the dosage had no advantage, nor adverse effects. Increased water intake and urine output is of interest for dogs suffering from urolithiasis.

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with supplemental irrigation to improve seed yield and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.

Effects of Tillage Practices on Water Consumption, Water Use Efficiency and Grain Yield in Wheat Field

Water shortage is a serious issue threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain, with the winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as its largest water-consuming crop. The effects of tillage practices on the water consumption and water use efifciency （WUE） of wheat under high-yield conditions using supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture dynamic change were examined in this study. This experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2010, with ifve tillage practice treatments, namely, strip rotary tillage （SR）, strip rotary tillage after subsoiling （SRS）, rotary tillage （R）, rotary tillage after subsoiling （RS）, and plowing tillage （P）. The results showed that in the SRS and RS treatments the total water and soil water consumptions were 11.81, 25.18%and 12.16, 14.75%higher than those in SR and R treatments, respectively. The lowest ratio of irrigation consumption to total water consumption in the SRS treatment was 18.53 and 21.88%for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons, respectively. However, the highest percentage of water consumption was found in the SRS treatment from anthesis to maturity. No signiifcant difference was found between the WUE of the lfag leaf at the later iflling stage in the SRS and RS treatments, but the lfag leaf WUE at these stages were higher than those of other treatments. The SRS and RS treatments exhibited the highest grain yield （9 573.76 and 9 507.49 kg ha-1 for 3-yr average） with no signiifcant difference between the two treatments, followed by P, R and SR treatments. But the SRS treatment had the highest WUE. Thus, the 1-yr subsoiling tillage, plus 2 yr of strip rotary planting operation may be an efifcient measure to increase wheat yield and WUE.

永定河流域水文演变与多水源联合优化调度

水资源是保护修复永定河生态环境功能、维护河流生命健康的控制性因素。永定河流域水资源极为紧缺,且地表水资源量呈显著衰减态势。为实现紧缺严苛的水资源条件下永定河生态水量的有效保障,系统解析了流域水文演变特征,核算了分河段基本生态水量和多水源生态补水潜力,建立了耦合水资源供用耗排过程和水工程群联合运用的多水源优化调度模型,提出了常规和极端情况下的多水源生态水量调度方案和基于降水年型研判的调度方案运用方式。研究成果为有效保障永定河生态水量、提升应对变化环境的韧性提供了关键方法和模型,为华北地区其他河流生态保护修复和综合治理提供技术参考。

永定河流域生态补水绩效分析及生态调度方案评估

为分析生态补水对河道内生态需水量的满足程度,以永定河流域三家店以上流域为研究区域,利用流量历时曲线法计算了不同需求条件下的河道内生态需水量,明确了现状水文条件下的河道生态缺水程度,评估了2019年和2020年生态补水过程中河道主要断面收水率及沿途损耗的空间分布规律,定量评估了生态补水对官厅水库入库流量的贡献,构建了生态水量调度模拟模型,通过对不同生态补水情景河道生态水量调度过程模拟分析,推荐了合理的生态补水调度方案.结果表明:现状永定河山区主要控制断面生态水量处于较为严重的亏缺状态,尤其是山区总控制站三家店缺水率达97%,沿途输水损耗率变化范围为(0.94%~5.38%)/10 km,且呈现上游至下游河段依次减少的规律,收水率与上游补水量呈正相关关系,构建的生态水量调度模型在两个断面率定期和验证期纳什效率系数为0.67~0.96,能够反映永定河河道生态补水过程的水流运动.根据不同情景河道生态水量调度过程模拟结果,为达到低生态流量需求目标,可采用生态补水情景方案4;为达到高生态流量需求目标,可采用生态补水情景方案5.研究成果对认识跨流域调水影响下中国北方季节性河道的生态流量恢复过程具有重要的科学意义,可为面向生态水量恢复目标的永定河跨流域调水与流域内生态补水方案制定等提供科技支撑.

城市湖泊随季节变化的生态补水数值模拟研究

城市湖泊在社会经济发展中发挥着生态系统服务、防汛、景观等重要功能的同时,其水质受到污水排放、下垫面改变和污染物输入的严重威胁。然而,大多数水生态修复措施未考虑降水、排涝等因素的季节变化特征。提出了考虑年内降水分布规律和城市排涝需求的季节变化生态补水方案。以武汉市龙阳湖为研究对象,通过构建二维水动力水质数学模型,模拟生态补水措施实施后湖泊水质状况,从时间和空间两个维度分析水质目标的可达性,得到生态补水推荐方案。结果表明:在Ⅳ类水质的总体目标下,推荐方案的湖泊水质平均达标面积比例和平均达标天数比例均高于80%,效果较好。研究成果可为城市湖泊的生态补水工程措施提供技术支撑。

浮游植物群落结构对生态补水的响应机制

为强化华北地下水超采及地面沉降综合治理,水利部2018年以滹沱河、滏阳河、南拒马河的部分河段作为河湖地下水生态补水试点,启动生态补水工作。为评估生态补水对河流生态环境的改善效果,探索浮游植物群落结构对生态补水的响应机制,选取连续5 a(2018—2022年)进行生态补水的滹沱河和南拒马河开展连续监测(2019—2022年),对浮游植物的群落结构及水环境因子变化展开分析。研究结果表明,生态补水使得受水水体的水质由劣Ⅴ类逐渐向Ⅱ类转变,至补水第3 a基本达到最佳水质状态;受水环境因子的影响浮游植物群落结构发生较大变化,浮游植物密度、生物量、蓝藻门种类数、密度百分比及优势种优势度均总体呈现降低趋势;硅藻门种类数和密度百分比、Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数则总体呈升高趋势;浮游植物优势种逐渐由蓝藻门种类向硅藻门、绿藻门种类转变。冗余分析结果表明,总氮和pH值是影响补水河流浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。

基于SWAT模型污染防治措施对茫溪河水质改善影响研究

为了更好地开展茫溪河的污染防治,摸清茫溪河流域污染源贡献比例以及各种污防措施对水质改善效果十分必要。基于SWAT构建了茫溪河流域分布式水文和污染负荷模型,根据监测数据分析了茫溪河近年超标污染物,基于SWAT模型分析了茫溪河水质达标场景假设,包括污染源贡献率及生态补水、点源和面源等污染防治措施对水质改善的效果情况。结果表明,茫溪河流域超标项目集中在总磷和高锰酸盐指数;污染源中,面源相对于点源对高锰酸盐指数和总磷贡献率大些,特别是水土流失的贡献率最大,分别达到了42.8%和76.1%;生态补水对污染物浓度降低有一定影响,直排源和非直排源污染控制一定程度上使污染物浓度降低,达标率有所提升。基于SWAT模型的茫溪河水质达标场景分析对于推动水质改善具有积极的意义。

基于MIKE11的粤港澳大湾区河涌生态补水调度方案评估

为解决粤港澳大湾区跨境河涌鸭涌河生态补水工程与河口水闸联合调度的问题,考虑到外海潮位顶托作用显著,构建了MIKE 11一维河网水动力水质数学模型,并设计不同类型的调度方案,包括天然状态方案、现状调度方案、联合调度方案,评估各方案降低污染物浓度和改善水质的效果。结果表明:在日常补水调度中,若河口水闸调度不与生态补水调度结合,鸭涌河水体更新效率偏低,若河口水闸与生态补水联合调度,在枯水期月份前5 d每天补水2 h的水质改善效果较好,电费较低,综合评价指数最优;而在汛期防洪排涝调度中,不需要进行生态补水调度。此外,水量分析结果表明,不同补水方案的综合评价指数与典型断面的进出水量、进出水量比值的响应规律相反。评估结果可为鸭涌河的水环境质量提升方案提供科学依据。

冬小麦测墒补灌下土壤氮素迁移特征模拟研究

【目的】探究冬小麦测墒补灌条件下土壤氮素迁移特征。【方法】基于田间试验,设置4个灌溉处理,灌水上下限分别为田间持水率的60%~70%(W1)、70%~80%(W2)、80%~90%(W3)和不灌溉处理(CK),施氮量均为240 kg/hm^(2)。利用田间试验数据对RZWQM 2模型进行率定、验证,进而模拟水氮调控对土壤硝态氮累积量和氮素利用的影响。【结果】土壤剖面含水率、土壤硝态氮量和产量的标准均方根误差(NRMSE)分别为9.3%~25.0%、0.3%~29.7%、4.03%~11.19%,平均相对误差(MRE)分别为8.0%~24.2%、1.4%~30.4%、5.29%~11.98%,一致性指标(D)均高于0.65;基于验证后的RZWQM 2模型,在W1、W2、W3测墒补灌条件下,设置5个氮素施用水平(180、200、220、240kg/hm^(2)和260kg/hm^(2)),W2、W3处理的土壤硝态氮累积量较W1处理分别增加了30.9%~59.7%、49.6%~79.6%;W2条件下,将施氮量控制在220~240kg/hm^(2)更有利于土壤硝态氮在0~1m土层内的累积,累积量为108.30~125.10kg/hm^(2)。【结论】RZWQM2模型可用于模拟冬小麦测墒补灌条件下的土壤氮素迁移,测墒补灌W2和施氮量220~240 kg/hm^(2)为合理的水氮管理措施。

基于病证结合从气血水辨治急性黄斑区神经视网膜病变

气、血、水是构成和维持目功能活动的基本物质,三者生理上同源互化、病理上交互为患,是辨治眼底病不可或缺的证候要素。基于病证结合的气血水理论,急性黄斑区神经视网膜病变主要病机为气、血、水输布和代谢障碍、目络阻塞,病位在黄斑目系络脉,与肝、脾、肾三脏密切相关,可采用中药联合针刺进行治疗。药物治疗以益气活血、利水通络法为治法,以补阳还五汤为基本方,根据气滞、血瘀、水停及肝、脾、肾脏腑功能障碍加减用药;针刺选穴以局部穴位为主、远端穴位为辅,以达益气化瘀、通络明目之功。

胸中藏丘壑,山水有清音--中国香港当代报纸文艺副刊旅游文学研究

近年来,旅行书写因其跨文学、文化、历史、地理以及人类学等的交叉属性,引起了越来越多研究者的关注。香港地区历来旅游文学发达,借助报章副刊的传播媒介,更是表现出独特的时空想象、经验建构与主体表达。各大报刊均有招牌性的旅游文学专栏,各具特色,异彩纷呈。香港地区当代报纸文艺副刊所载的旅游文学,通过人文山水的描摹,表现学人的知识、文化与趣味,绘制人文之旅的图景;通过情感山水的刻画,寄托忆旧、北望与感怀的情感之旅;通过消闲山水的书写,表现独特的经济、摩登、生活方式,描摹都市的消闲之旅。报章旅行专栏的风行,为港人的精神世界打开了一个独特的通道,而旅游文学的繁盛,亦是香港地区构建文化之都、营造宽松、包容、多元的城市氛围的重要抓手。

高水充填材料在综放工作面沿空留巷中的应用

为提高煤炭资源回收率、降低回采巷道掘进率以及缓解采掘衔接紧张,决定在成庄矿4311综放工作面43113巷进行沿空留巷试验,将该巷道用作下个工作面回风巷。为确保43113巷留巷段的可靠支护,决定应用新型无机高水充填材料作沿空留巷的巷帮支护体。现场留巷采用锚索补强+单体柱滞后加强支护联合手段,充填体采用对拉钢筋+W钢带+钢筋网增强加固技术;实践表明,充填体成型效果良好,经济效益显著。

青洼煤业2207工作面相邻老空区空巷注浆堵水研究与实践

青洼煤业煤层埋藏浅,地势低洼,地表存在裂隙,井田范围内有河滩,雨季期间地表水大量渗入老空区。虽然在工作面回采前将老空区积水疏放完毕,但是由于地表水渗透至采空区进行补给,仍然在回采过程中存在较大隐患。通过对青洼煤业2207工作面相邻空巷进行注浆充填治理,截断相邻空巷水源补充,从根本上消除工作面回采期间水患威胁。由于注浆充填效果良好,避免了煤柱遭受破坏,可以在相邻工作面2206工作面采用小煤柱开采,提高了煤炭资源的回收率。

基于系统集成技术的作物一体化精细护理系统设计

研究设计了一款基于系统集成技术的作物一体化精细护理系统。一旦农作物被种植到智能大棚中,智能一体化母系统就会即时监测大棚内的作物生长环境。它会将该环境数据与数据库中的参考信息进行比对分析,之后向不同的子系统发送指令,进行多模块协同运作,以共同实现温度调控、光照调控、湿度调控与土壤调控,以达到对作物从种植到成熟的全方位、自动化护理。

异步注采补充能量方法提高油水同层产油量

油水同层油藏注水开发中后期水窜现象加剧,开发效果显著变差,亟需改进注水方式。分析了原始储层在含束缚水饱和度以及含不同可动水饱和度时注水驱替油水两相微观渗流机理,对含可动水岩心进行了水驱实验,并进行了油水同层油藏注水开发数值模拟。研究表明:相较于仅含束缚水油藏,油水同层油藏在注水开发中后期因储层内原始可动水能够传递压力,致使含水率明显增加,说明采用传统注水方式与注水参数存在显著局限性;若对含可动水油藏采用连续注水方式,会加速生产井水窜速度,原因是注水前沿抵达生产井后毛管力逐步降低、水相渗透率持续增加;采用异步周期注水可以实现高强度注水,快速补充地层能量,使产液量与产油量提升2倍。因此,异步注采方式能够解决油水同层油藏因可动水导致的水驱效果欠佳问题。

以再生水为水源的封闭景观水体营养状态分析

北京某湖属于封闭景观水体,以市政再生水为补水水源.2007年3月～9月对该景观水体及其补水水源水质主要指标进行了连续监测,结果表明,作为补水水源的市政再生水,其化学需氧量较低,可以稀释湖水,但其氮、磷含量高,补入水体后,湖水的总磷、总氮浓度升高,高于Ⅴ类水体水质标准,超出水体的自净能力.采用综合营养状态指数法对湖水营养程度进行评价表明,湖水处于重度富营养状态.因此提出再生水必须经过处理才能注入湖水中,供管理部门参考.

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测保健食品中10种水溶性维生素的分析方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS）,ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm）,以0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相A,0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱。通过分子离子峰、二级碎片、色谱保留时间等信息,对保健食品中10种水溶性维生素进行鉴别和定量测定。结果 10种水溶性维生素实现了同时分离与专属鉴定,维生素B_1在0.01~1μg/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r〉0.995）;维生素C在0.1~50μg/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r〉0.995）;其他8种维生素在0.01~10μg/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r〉0.995）,高、中、低不同浓度的加标回收率在80%~120%之间,精密度在0.3%~3%之间。结论本方法专属性强、灵敏度高,结果准确可靠,可以作为片剂和口服液基质保健食品中检测水溶性维生素的方法参考。

水肥对旱区马铃薯水分利用率的影响

采用裂区试验设计,以施钾水平为主处理,补水时期为副处理,研究了补充供水和钾素处理对马铃薯不同层次水分利用效率的影响,结果表明:马铃薯生育期耗水主要集中在80cm土层深度内,80cm土层以下土壤含水量变化不明显,基本不被马铃薯吸收利用。在氯化钾为150kg/hm2及苗期补水条件下,群体水平和产量水平水分利用率(WUE)均最高,分别为41.71和94.21kg/(mm.hm2),单叶水平WUE最低,但产量均为最高值(36324.97kg/hm2)。