Based on split plot design method of field test,the impacts of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement and nitrogen use on winter wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and distribution were studied.Su...Based on split plot design method of field test,the impacts of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement and nitrogen use on winter wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and distribution were studied.Supplemental irrigation had three levels: 60%(W_1),70%(W_2) and 80%(W3) of the targeted relative water content at 0-40 cm of soil layer during jointing period of winter wheat.Nitrogen fertilization had three levels: not using nitrogen(N_0),using pure nitrogen of 195 kg/hm^2(N_(195)) and 255 kg/hm^2(N_(255)).Results showed that:(i)different supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly affected plant height and leaf area of winter wheat during key growth period.Under the same supplemental irrigation treatment,both plant height and leaf area of winter wheat showed as N_(255)> N_(195)> N_0(P <0.05).Plant height in N_(195) and N_(255)treatments was significantly higher than that in N_0 treatment,but there was not significant difference between N_(195) and N_(255)(P >0.05).Under the same nitrogen fertilization,plant height in W_2(569.4 m^3/hm^2) and W3(873.45 m^3/hm^2) treatments was significant higher than that in W_1(265.2 m^3/hm^2),but there was not significant difference between W_2 and W3(P >0.05).It illustrated that excessive nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation did not significantly affect plant height and leaf area of winter wheat.(ii) Under the same nitrogen fertilization level,yield increase effect of winter wheat by supplemental irrigation showed a declining trend with nitrogen application amount increased.It illustrated that nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation had certain critical values on the yield of winter wheat.When surpassing the critical value,the yield declined.When nitrogen fertilization amount was 195 kg/hm^2,and supplemental irrigation amount was 70% of field moisture capacity(569.4 m^3/hm^2),the highest yield 8500 kg/hm^2 could be obtained.(iii) During mature period of winter wheat,nitrogen accumulation amount of plant treated by nitrogen was significantly higher than that not treated by nitrogen(P <0.05).But under the treatments of W_2 and W3,nitrogen accumulation amount in N_(255) significantly declined when compared with N_(195)(P <0.05).Especially under W3(873.45 m^3/hm^2) level,nitrogen accumulation amount in N_(255) was even lower than N_0.Under the treatments of N_0 and N_(195),nitrogen accumulation amount of plant significantly increased with supplemental irrigation increased(P < 0.05).But under N_(255) treatment,there was not significant difference(P > 0.05).It illustrated that moderate supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization could improve nitrogen absorption ability of winter wheat,but excessive supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization were not favorable for plant's nitrogen absorption.(iv) Although the increase of supplemental irrigation during jointing period improved nitrogen absorption ability of winter wheat and promoted winter wheat absorbing more nitrogen,it inhibited nitrogen transferring and distributing to seed.Comprehensively considering growth condition of winter wheat and nitrogen risk condition,it is suggested that nitrogen application amount was 195 kg/hm^2,and supplemental irrigation reached 70% of field moisture capacity(569.4 m^3/hm^2),which could be as the suitable water and fertilizer use amounts in the region.展开更多
在田间条件下,以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料,设置3个水分处理:W0(全生育期不灌水);W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%);W2(拔节后8 d 70%,开花后8 d 70%)。采用测墒补灌的方法,研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品...在田间条件下,以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料,设置3个水分处理:W0(全生育期不灌水);W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%);W2(拔节后8 d 70%,开花后8 d 70%)。采用测墒补灌的方法,研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品种耗水特性和氮素分配与转运的影响。结果表明,1)两品种灌水处理在成熟期子粒氮素积累量及分配比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量和转移率均显著高于不灌水处理(W0)。济麦22 W2处理的成熟期氮素向子粒中分配的比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转运量和转移率高于W1处理,潍麦8号则表现相反。2)两品种W2在开花至成熟期的耗水量高于W0和W1处理。济麦22各处理的总耗水量均低于潍麦8号,降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号;W2处理下,灌水量和降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号。3)在本试验条件下,济麦22和潍麦8号分别为W2和W1处理获得各品种较高子粒产量、水分利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮素吸收效率及氮素收获指数,济麦22各处理子粒产量和水分利用效率均高于潍麦8号,是兼顾高产和节水的小麦品种。展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research Plan Project(2016YFD0801001,2016YFD0200103,2017YFD0800500)
文摘Based on split plot design method of field test,the impacts of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement and nitrogen use on winter wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and distribution were studied.Supplemental irrigation had three levels: 60%(W_1),70%(W_2) and 80%(W3) of the targeted relative water content at 0-40 cm of soil layer during jointing period of winter wheat.Nitrogen fertilization had three levels: not using nitrogen(N_0),using pure nitrogen of 195 kg/hm^2(N_(195)) and 255 kg/hm^2(N_(255)).Results showed that:(i)different supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly affected plant height and leaf area of winter wheat during key growth period.Under the same supplemental irrigation treatment,both plant height and leaf area of winter wheat showed as N_(255)> N_(195)> N_0(P <0.05).Plant height in N_(195) and N_(255)treatments was significantly higher than that in N_0 treatment,but there was not significant difference between N_(195) and N_(255)(P >0.05).Under the same nitrogen fertilization,plant height in W_2(569.4 m^3/hm^2) and W3(873.45 m^3/hm^2) treatments was significant higher than that in W_1(265.2 m^3/hm^2),but there was not significant difference between W_2 and W3(P >0.05).It illustrated that excessive nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation did not significantly affect plant height and leaf area of winter wheat.(ii) Under the same nitrogen fertilization level,yield increase effect of winter wheat by supplemental irrigation showed a declining trend with nitrogen application amount increased.It illustrated that nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation had certain critical values on the yield of winter wheat.When surpassing the critical value,the yield declined.When nitrogen fertilization amount was 195 kg/hm^2,and supplemental irrigation amount was 70% of field moisture capacity(569.4 m^3/hm^2),the highest yield 8500 kg/hm^2 could be obtained.(iii) During mature period of winter wheat,nitrogen accumulation amount of plant treated by nitrogen was significantly higher than that not treated by nitrogen(P <0.05).But under the treatments of W_2 and W3,nitrogen accumulation amount in N_(255) significantly declined when compared with N_(195)(P <0.05).Especially under W3(873.45 m^3/hm^2) level,nitrogen accumulation amount in N_(255) was even lower than N_0.Under the treatments of N_0 and N_(195),nitrogen accumulation amount of plant significantly increased with supplemental irrigation increased(P < 0.05).But under N_(255) treatment,there was not significant difference(P > 0.05).It illustrated that moderate supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization could improve nitrogen absorption ability of winter wheat,but excessive supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization were not favorable for plant's nitrogen absorption.(iv) Although the increase of supplemental irrigation during jointing period improved nitrogen absorption ability of winter wheat and promoted winter wheat absorbing more nitrogen,it inhibited nitrogen transferring and distributing to seed.Comprehensively considering growth condition of winter wheat and nitrogen risk condition,it is suggested that nitrogen application amount was 195 kg/hm^2,and supplemental irrigation reached 70% of field moisture capacity(569.4 m^3/hm^2),which could be as the suitable water and fertilizer use amounts in the region.
文摘在田间条件下,以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料,设置3个水分处理:W0(全生育期不灌水);W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%);W2(拔节后8 d 70%,开花后8 d 70%)。采用测墒补灌的方法,研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品种耗水特性和氮素分配与转运的影响。结果表明,1)两品种灌水处理在成熟期子粒氮素积累量及分配比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量和转移率均显著高于不灌水处理(W0)。济麦22 W2处理的成熟期氮素向子粒中分配的比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转运量和转移率高于W1处理,潍麦8号则表现相反。2)两品种W2在开花至成熟期的耗水量高于W0和W1处理。济麦22各处理的总耗水量均低于潍麦8号,降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号;W2处理下,灌水量和降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号。3)在本试验条件下,济麦22和潍麦8号分别为W2和W1处理获得各品种较高子粒产量、水分利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮素吸收效率及氮素收获指数,济麦22各处理子粒产量和水分利用效率均高于潍麦8号,是兼顾高产和节水的小麦品种。
