Purpose:This article focuses on the development of supplementary education,evolving under the label“homework support,”in Sweden between 2006 and 2018.Particular attention is paid to the significance of the private m...Purpose:This article focuses on the development of supplementary education,evolving under the label“homework support,”in Sweden between 2006 and 2018.Particular attention is paid to the significance of the private market for national policy.Design/Approach/Methods:Through a theoretical model on policy enactment,the interaction between national policy and local practice is highlighted.By analyzing how the local practice appears in documents related to state-regulated decision-making,the study gains further insights in the development of homework support in Sweden.Findings:This article argues that when private companies,offering supplementary tutoring,were established on the outskirts of the educational landscape in Sweden,the political educational discourse changed.Even though homework support became a given part of the political discussion about the school,the situation became difficult for private companies.Originality/Value:The article adds to the international field of shadow education.It describes the establishment of the private tutoring market’s entry into the Swedish educational landscape,which in the long term has provided a basis for a further Scandinavian development.Furthermore,the article contributes to theory development by a model that focuses on the interaction between policy formulation and local enactment.展开更多
The research is aimed at the potential of the professional architectural education and solving one of the important problems of society—creating conditions for maintaining health and social rehabilitation of older pe...The research is aimed at the potential of the professional architectural education and solving one of the important problems of society—creating conditions for maintaining health and social rehabilitation of older people.The experience of universities,public organizations,museums in Europe and North America was analyzed.Six types of strategies of these organizations were identified.They were differing in the degree of development of social and professional communications.The most interested in developing supplementary architecture and art education for older people are Colleges of Arts and Art museums.In the first case,the communication’s basis of the Colleges is there interest in the public appreciation of new art works.In the second case,the social missions of the Art museums.At the final stage,the sociological study of the attitude towards these programs among the participants of the Moscow Mayor’s Project“Moscow Longevity”had been done.It showed that the most attractive for 3-d age people was the opportunity to visit the Moscow Architectural Institute-an architectural monument and communicate with professors.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Swedish research council(Grant No.2015-01754).
文摘Purpose:This article focuses on the development of supplementary education,evolving under the label“homework support,”in Sweden between 2006 and 2018.Particular attention is paid to the significance of the private market for national policy.Design/Approach/Methods:Through a theoretical model on policy enactment,the interaction between national policy and local practice is highlighted.By analyzing how the local practice appears in documents related to state-regulated decision-making,the study gains further insights in the development of homework support in Sweden.Findings:This article argues that when private companies,offering supplementary tutoring,were established on the outskirts of the educational landscape in Sweden,the political educational discourse changed.Even though homework support became a given part of the political discussion about the school,the situation became difficult for private companies.Originality/Value:The article adds to the international field of shadow education.It describes the establishment of the private tutoring market’s entry into the Swedish educational landscape,which in the long term has provided a basis for a further Scandinavian development.Furthermore,the article contributes to theory development by a model that focuses on the interaction between policy formulation and local enactment.
文摘The research is aimed at the potential of the professional architectural education and solving one of the important problems of society—creating conditions for maintaining health and social rehabilitation of older people.The experience of universities,public organizations,museums in Europe and North America was analyzed.Six types of strategies of these organizations were identified.They were differing in the degree of development of social and professional communications.The most interested in developing supplementary architecture and art education for older people are Colleges of Arts and Art museums.In the first case,the communication’s basis of the Colleges is there interest in the public appreciation of new art works.In the second case,the social missions of the Art museums.At the final stage,the sociological study of the attitude towards these programs among the participants of the Moscow Mayor’s Project“Moscow Longevity”had been done.It showed that the most attractive for 3-d age people was the opportunity to visit the Moscow Architectural Institute-an architectural monument and communicate with professors.
