An Assessment of Procurement Risks Management Systems in the Public Sector

Risk management in public procurement is a critical aspect that needs to be addressed in the public sector.Several studies have been conducted to understand the challenges and factors influencing risk management in public procurement.These studies have explored the importance of risk management principles,the role of political influence,and the need for effective risk assessment and anticipation.The research has also highlighted the need for specific risk management mechanisms and tools to be implemented in public procurement processes.Risk management reforms in the public sector are essential but often circumvented due to assorted reasons,such as political influence and the emergence of new risks.The research investigation employs a quantitative research design.A total of 380 questionnaires were recovered from respondents.The study showed that the public sector has a procurement risk management system that is effective,but there may be some areas for improvement in the prequalification process,onboarding process,and support provided to newly onboarded suppliers.Additionally,the public sector used some strategies to mitigate and control contract risks during the procurement process,but there were some areas for improvement in the review and lessons learned process,risk mitigation measures,contract monitoring and performance evaluation mechanisms,and communication and documentation process.Finally,the results suggest that there were constraints placed on the risk management strategies currently utilized by professionals working in the public sector.These constraints include insufficient support and buy-in from senior management and stakeholders,bureaucratic or administrative hurdles,inadequate policies and regulations,insufficient training and skill development opportunities,and insufficient resources.The study highlights the significance of tackling risk management in the realm of public procurement and offers valuable perspectives on avenues for enhancement,obstacles encountered by practitioners,and the necessity of thorough evaluation and revisions.Through the adoption of the suggestions originating from this study,governmental entities can improve their procurement risk management frameworks and guarantee improved adherence to risk management principles.

Study on Independent Supervision Function of Design Assurance System

The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.

Web-based supplier relationship framework using agent systems

In order to enable both manufacturers and suppliers to be profitable on today’s highly competitive markets, manufacturers and suppliers must be quick in selecting best partners establishing strategic relationship, and collaborating with each other so that they can satisfy the changing competitive manufacturing requirements. A web-based supplier relationships (SR) framework is therfore proposed using multi-agent systems and linear programming technique to reduce supply cost, increase flexibility and shorten response time. Web-based SR approach is an ideal platform for information exchange that helps buyers and suppliers to maintain the availability of materials in the right quantity, at the right place, and at the right time, and keep the customer-supplier relationship more transparent. A multi-agent system prototype was implemented by simulation, which shows the feasibility of the proposed architecture.

Study on Evaluation of Supplier's Quality Assurance System

To be a worldwide competitor, enterprise needs to e va luate and select its supplier carefully. Generally, to evaluate a supplier, the evaluating effort is focused on the purchase price, delivery time, product quali ty, etc. The vendors’ quality assurance is seldom considered. However, it reflec ts the ability that a vendor can provide high quality but low cost products cont inuously and stably. In this paper, with the study on evaluation of supplier’s q uality assurance system, a set of methods and indices to supplier’s quality assu rance evaluation is introduced. The indices construct an index system, which is based on the ISO9000 series standards. According to the problem’s character and the requirement of evaluation, all the evaluation indices are set off to three k inds: general index, functional index and protective index. And the evaluation m ethod combines quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis. Firstly, a sensi tive factor model is constructed to estimate the contribution of factors that ha ve key effect on synthetic evaluation in supplier’s quality system. Then, those suppliers having low evaluating value are rejected. Secondly, fuzzy logic is int roduced to evaluate other suppliers synthetically. The rest suppliers are compar able. So, supplier’s quality assurance system can be evaluated in quantity. Afte r unification works, the evaluated suppliers can be ranked. And the best vendor can be selected out intuitively.

Application of Intuitionistic Z-Numbers in Supplier Selection

Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers incorporate the membership and non-membership degrees.In contrast,Z-numbers consist of restriction components,with the existence of a reliability component describing the degree of certainty for the restriction.The combination of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and Z-numbers produce a new type of fuzzy numbers,namely intuitionistic Z-numbers(IZN).The strength of IZN is their capability of better handling the uncertainty compared to Zadeh's Z-numbers since both components of Z-numbers are charac-terized by the membership and non-membership functions,exhibiting the degree of the hesitancy of decision-makers.This paper presents the application of such numbers in fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making problems.A decision-making model is proposed using the trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy power ordered weighted average as the aggregation function and the ranking function to rank the alternatives.The proposed model is then implemented in a supplier selection problem.The obtained ranking is compared to the existing models based on Z-numbers.The results show that the ranking order is slightly different from the existing models.Sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the obtained ranking.The sensitivity analysis result shows that the best supplier is obtained using the proposed model with 80%to 100%consistency despite the drastic change of criteria weights.Intuitionistic Z-numbers play a very important role in describing the uncertainty in the decision makers’opinions in solving decision-making problems.

Selection of Wind Turbine Systems for the Sultanate of Oman

The Sultanate of Oman has been dealing with a severe renewable energy issue for the past few decades,and the government has struggled to find a solution.In addition,Oman’s strategy for converting power generation to sources of renewable energy includes a goal of 60 percent of national energy demands being met by renewables by 2040,including solar and wind turbines.Furthermore,the use of small-scale energy from wind devices has been on the rise in recent years.This upward trend is attributed to advancements in wind turbine technology,which have lowered the cost of energy from wind.To calculate the internal and external factors that affect the small-scale energy of wind technologies,the study used a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution.As a result,in the decision model,four criteria,seventeen sub-criteria,and three resources of renewable energy were calculated as options from the viewpoint of the Sultanate of Oman.This research is based on an examination of statistics on energy produced by wind turbines at various locations in the Sultanate of Oman.Further,six distinct miniature wind turbines were investigated for four different locations.The outcomes of this study indicate that the tiny wind turbine has a lot of potential in the Sultanate of Oman for applications such as homes,schools,college campuses,irrigation,greenhouses,communities,and small businesses.The government should also use renewable energy resources to help with the renewable energy issue and make sure that the country has enough renewable energy for its long-term growth.

Selecting suitable key supplier for core components during smart complex equipment central-private enterprises collaborative development process:from two different forms of evaluation information and matching perspective

With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.

基于CRITIC-TOPSIS模型的图书馆图书供应商评价研究

[目的/意义]旨在构建图书供应商的评价指标体系与评价模型,为图书馆优选图书供应商提供决策依据和方法。[方法/过程]以BSC模型为分析基础从供应商的影响力、供应能力、服务水平、价格、响应能力等维度形成了图书供应商的评价指标体系,构建了CRITIC-TOPSIS评价模型,以对图书供应商进行评价和选择。[结果/结论]该评价模型考虑了评价指标间的变异性和相关性,缓解了选择图书供应商时存在的主观不确定性,可以为图书馆选择优质图书供应商提供方法和指导。

基于网络演算的复杂产品系统供应商风险度量

复杂产品系统研制过程中供应商之间协同设计制造复杂性高,风险通过供应商间的协作关系相互作用和传导。面向复杂产品系统,构建供应商层次网络,考虑供应商风险累积与风险应对及时性的交互影响,通过引入通信领域网络演算理论,基于积压和时延性能指标刻画风险的特征,将不确定的供应商风险量化问题转化为最坏边界求值问题,实现风险的确界度量。以航空复杂产品系统为例对模型进行验证,可以辨识供应商在协同研制过程中面临的重要风险,为复杂产品系统供应商风险管理提供参考依据。

Selection Model in Buyer-Supplier Relationships

This paper proposes a new method of selecting appropriate buyer supplier relationships (BSR) for specific projects. Because it is almost impossible in reality to establish mathematical relationships between the BSR attributes and the factors of a project, the concept of relationship indices (RI) is introduced to quantify such BSR which are in turn established through design of experiments. Based on the experimental results, the contributions of project factors, known as factors relationship worths (RW...

Impact analysis of supplier relationship on supply chain resilience using biological cellular resilience theory

A supply chain resilience model is established based on the biological cellular resilience theory to analyze the impact of the supplier relationship on supply chain resilience. A scenario where the market demand is changed suddenly by some undesired events is considered. The results reveal that enhancing collaboration with a more resilient supplier can significantly improve supply chain resilience and reduce supply chain losses. It is also found that enhancing the supplier relationship can significantly benefit supply chain resilience if the collaborative intensity is relatively low, and it has less effect if supply chain members have already collaborated closely. Thus, enhancing the supplier relationship to a limited intensity is a relatively effective and economic method to strengthen supply chain resilience.

基于层次分析法的血站关键物料供应商评价体系构建与应用

目的构建血站关键物料供应商评价体系,以规范供应商行为,确保血液质量安全。方法利用层次分析法建立包含4个准则层指标和12个子准则层指标的关键物料供应商评价指标体系,通过判断矩阵确定各指标权重,并进行一致性检验。结果利用关键物料供应商评价体系对既有供应商年度履约能力进行评价,并将滚动扣分法、引导加分法、预警机制、考评与激励机制等引入供应商评价过程,将供应商分为优秀级、良好级、合格级、控制级4个等级。结论基于层次分析法构建的血站关键物料供应商评价体系,证实了评价数据的可靠性和价值,发挥了供应商评价在质量管理体系中应有的作用,为采供血机构评价关键物料供应商提供了参考。

一套医用耗材供应商评价指标体系的构建及应用

目的为进一步规范医用耗材供应商的考核评价工作,确保医院的医用耗材供应,建立一套科学合理的医用耗材供应商评价指标体系。方法采用德尔菲法对来自院内外的18名专家进行2轮咨询后确定评价指标,并利用层次分析法计算评价指标的权重。结果通过2轮专家咨询确定了包括4个一级指标和18个二级指标在内的医用耗材供应商评价指标体系。实际应用效果显示,医院应用评价指标体系后48家缝线供应商的验收合格率、票据准确率均高于应用前,交货周期、订单响应时间均短于应用前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该医用耗材供应商评价指标体系能够帮助医院管理医用耗材供应商,并进行定量化考评工作,具备科学性和合理性,是一套有效的管理工具。

Supplier selection and order splitting modeling in the pr esence of supplier capacity and resilience

To solve the problem of a supplier＇s failure to deliver thus impacting supply chain system performance in the supply chain operating process, a model of supplier selection and order splitting in the context of a multiple sourcing setting is proposed. First, by the analysis of the elements of expected total costs of the buyer firm, namely, expected loss costs, resilience effort costs, supplier maintenance costs, and cycle purchase costs, the expected total costs function is obtained. And then, the effects of supplier characters on the supplier selection and order splitting decisionmaking are investigated by numerical examples. The results show that the maximum delivery capacity, the probability of failure to deliver and the resilience parameters are crucial elements in determining which suppliers should be selected and how to do order splitting between suppliers. Finally, current analyses focus only on the expected total costs of the buyer firm but ignore the suppliers＇ costs： thus, it is more interesting to examine the supplier decisions from both parties＇ points of view.

基于组合权重-灰色欧几里得关联分析法的医疗器械供应商评价体系的建立与验证

医疗器械供应商选择是可持续供应链管理的重要环节,对医疗器械供应商进行综合评价可以为医疗器械采购提供科学决策依据。但目前的医疗器械供应商评价存在若干定性和定量评价因素在性质上相互冲突的问题,而现有的研究方法无法很好地处理这两方面的均衡问题。为解决以上问题,该研究建立了一种基于组合权重-灰色欧几里得关联分析法的医疗器械供应商评价体系,并通过将该体系应用于某医院血压计供应商的评价案例,验证了该评价体系的可行性和有效性,同时为完善供应商评价体系建设提供了参考。

运用信息化等手段推进供应商库规范化建设

建立一个合规高效的供应商库管理体系,严格筛选供应商,科学规范地管理供应商库,对公司开发运营及管理质量形成有力支撑,对运营服务效率的提升带来积极的助推作用。采用调整管理组织结构和运行机制,制定实施细则流程,充分利用政府平台资源审核,建设数字化信息平台,进行供应商库规范化建设。

基于模糊TOPSIS法的绿色建筑供应商评价

随着绿色发展理念在各个行业兴起,绿色建筑也得到了更多的关注。绿色建筑供应商作为促进建筑业可持续发展的基石,选择最优的绿色建筑供应商则显得尤为重要。文章提出用模糊TOPSIS法对绿色建筑供应商进行评价选择,在一套绿色建筑供应商评价指标体系上进行一系列矩阵验算,进而对3家供应商进行了评分与比较,并通过评分结果证明提出方法的可行性。为绿色建筑供应商的选择提供了借鉴经验,进而促进资源节约与循环利用,促进建筑行业的可持续发展,提升建筑企业行业形象。

医疗设备采购中常见问题及应对措施探究

医疗设备采购涉及大量的资金和技术支持,在采购过程中常面临多项问题和挑战,需要认真的研究和规划。该文详细分析医疗设备采购的基本情况,总结医疗设备采购中常见的问题,涉及招标文件、供应商、投诉质疑、采购评审机制等,并提出应对措施,以期为医疗设备采购管理向规范化、标准化和制度化发展提供思路。

基于合作共赢的外包供应商四维度管理模式探索

结合对外包供应商多年的管理经验,突破“甲方乙方”上下游合作的简单思维,提出一种基于“合作共赢”理念的外包供应商管理模式,从纵向需求传递、横向综合帮扶、深度穿透管控和动态绩效评价4个维度,阐述对外包供应商运营合作管理的具体方法,为外包供应商管理模式的创新提供参考。

Comparison on neural networks and support vector machines in suppliers' selection

Suppliers＇ selection in supply chain management （SCM） has attracted considerable research interests in recent years. Recent literatures show that neural networks achieve better performance than traditional statistical methods. However, neural networks have inherent drawbacks, such as local optimization solution, lack generalization, and uncontrolled convergence. A relatively new machine learning technique, support vector machine （SVM）, which overcomes the drawbacks of neural networks, is introduced to provide a model with better explanatory power to select ideal supplier partners. Meanwhile, in practice, the suppliers＇ samples are very insufficient. SVMs are adaptive to deal with small samples＇ training and testing. The prediction accuracies for BPNN and SVM methods are compared to choose the appreciating suppliers. The actual examples illustrate that SVM methods are superior to BPNN.