Innovation of Adult Education Supply in Rural Areas from the Aspect of Rural Public Goods——A Case Study of Quzhou City,Zhejiang Province,China

Status of rural adult education in Quzhou City is analyzed from three aspects of supply main body,supply method and fund source.Problems in the rural adult education in Quzhou City are pointed out.Firstly,the top-down supply decision model can not fully meet the needs of farmers.Secondly,education resources can not be best allocated.Thirdly,both rural labor force market and employment service are not perfect.In order to promote the development of rural adult education,the education supply mode of rural adults should be established,which is "supplied by the government,coordinated by the government,participated by the society,operated according to market mechanisms".This needs to set up the leading position of government,to establish the pattern of diversified main bodies of adult education supply in rural areas,and to construct the market operation mechanism driven by interests.

Evaluation on the Efficiency and Fairness of Coordinating Public Goods Supply in Urban and Rural Areas

By setting the urban-rural public goods supply model,this paper evaluates the effects of coordinating supply public goods on resource allocation and welfare from efficiency and fairness,and examines the necessity and possibility of coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas. The model assumes that the population size of urban and rural areas is different,and the population can not flow freely between urban and rural areas; there are different degrees of spillover in the public goods supply. Model results show that coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas is the result of optimizing resource allocation efficiency,but the residents' individual utility level will not necessarily improve,so residents' willingness to support coordinated urban-rural supply is different,and public goods spillover and different tax systems are the factors that affect the residents' utility level. Finally,this paper uses the practice of coordinating urban and rural compulsory education in Chengdu City to confirm the above conclusions.

The Supply-Demand Analysis and Mechanism Innovation of Chinese Rural Public Goods

The connotation of rural public goods is expounded.The rural public goods refer to the products and labors that satisfy the production and living of rural residents,economic growth and social progress.The rural public goods is characterized by non-excludability,non-competitiveness and indispensability of other general public goods.The supply situation of Chinese government to rural public goods is analyzed,as well as the demand situation of rural public goods,which includes farmers' demand on training,the assistance demand of rural weak groups,farmers' demand on comfortable living conditions and farmers' demand on "soft" public goods.The paths for innovating the supply mechanism of rural public goods are put forward,which cover perfecting the decision mechanism of public goods supply;scientifically distributing the supply responsibility of rural public goods;facilitating the reform of each supporting equipment and exploring the multiple capital collecting channels of rural public goods.

Study on Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Public Goods Supplying System

In current China, the main problem existing in the rural public goods supplying system is the unbalanced condition of public goods supply, and the chief reason for which is unitary system of supply main body. Thus the leading countermeasure for comer of public goods supply is to reform the present unitary rural public goods supplying system, to strengthen functional transfer of rural grass-roots directive organization, to adopt diversified mode and provide public goods on the base of overall planning of urban and rural areas and to implement unitary and diversified supplying strategy. In this way, supplying efficiency of the rural public goods will be improved.

Difficulties in Implementing Supply Mechanism of Rural Public Goods in the Context of Urban-rural Integration

Through in-depth interviews and questionnaires,we take Mianyang City,Aba Prefecture,and Suining City in Sichuan Province as the study object,to analyze the relationship between the basic situation of farmers and the supply mechanism implementation of rural public goods.The research results show that the younger the farmers,the higher the educational level,the higher the annual household income,and the higher the enthusiasm in participating the discussion of the supply of rural public goods.And the correlation between farmers'annual household income and participation in the supply of public goods is the highest.Finally corresponding countermeasures and proposals are put forth based on farmers' educational level and annual household income,the two difficulties in supply mechanism implementation of rural public goods.

Demand of Rural Public Goods in Western Ethnic Minority Areas

In the context of Development of the West Regions and the construction of new countryside,on the basis of defining the concept of public goods,this article analyzes the status quo and layers of demand of rural public goods in western ethnic minority areas:the demand of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas shows "pyramid" structure,that is,the most basic layer is production-based rural public goods,followed by life-based rural public goods and democratic-management-based rural public goods.Finally the countermeasures for achieving effective demand of rural public goods are put forward as follows:adhere to customers(farmers)-oriented principle;innovate upon the rural residents' demand expression mechanism of public goods in ethnic minority areas;achieve diversification of supply subject of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas.

Analysis of Public Goods Supply of New Generation Migrant Workers' Urban and Rural Double Marginalization

Status quo of urban and rural public goods supply in China is analyzed.Firstly,public goods supply in rural areas is inadequate,for example,inadequate supply of agricultural infrastructure,lack of expenditure in agricultural science and technology,problems of rural drinking water safety,problems of rural roads and transportation,low levels of health care,weak rural public culture,short supply of farmers' education.Secondly,the system and level of urban public goods provision can't meet migrant workers' demand,for example,less migrant workers are employed by the governments' direction;migrant workers are isolated by urban housing project and these workers have difficulty in receiving city social security.One reason of new generation migrant workers facing the double marginalization of rural and urban crisis is that urban and rural public goods supply are different in particular the inadequate supply of public goods in rural areas.Three countermeasures are put forward in order to relieve new generation migrant workers' double marginalization of urban and rural,which include increasing financial input in rural areas in order to achieve equalization of urban and rural public goods,perfecting the preferential agricultural policy to increase rural public goods supply,making urban public goods supply as a guide to promote the new generation migrant workers into the city.

Ideas and Countermeasures for Perfecting Rural Public Product Supply from the Perspective of Main Beneficiaries

On the basis of defining the concept of rural public product supply, the weaknesses of the supply mechanism of rural public product are analyzed. The shortages of rural public product supply lead to the difficult ties in developing agriculture and rural economy; enriching farmers and narrowing the urban and rural income gap. Problems in rural public product supply are further analyzed. Firstly, the national finance used in agriculture is low. Secondly, farmers are not separated from decision system and the beneficiaries separate from the decision-makers. Thirdly, farmers are not fully treated as civilians. Fourthly, rural areas lack the selection and supervision mechanism of public product. The ideas and countermeasures on perfecting rural public product are put forward from the perspective of main beneficiaries. The supply of rural public product should take intensifying the self development capability of farmers as core; farmers should actively participate in the making the rural public product decision and fight for their right to say. Farmers should unit together through organizations to improve the organizational level. Farmers should actively participate in trainings on them and try to get the updated information from the local government. The village collective should protect the supply of rural public product.

Countermeasures of Rural Public Product Supply Problems in New Socialist Rural Construction

The status of rural public goods supply plays a decisive role in China agricultural development and in new socialist rural construction.For the current situation of insufficient supply of public goods in rural areas,this article explained the significance of strengthening the construction of rural public goods supply system,analyzed the reasons for the shortage of rural public goods supply,and proposed strategies and measures to solve problems of rural public goods supply,which are of advantages to enhance...

Study on Market Supply of Rural Public Sports Service in China

In the main trend of gradually improving socialist market economy and establishing public service type government,market supply of rural public sports service is necessary. On the basis of unique characteristics of China's rural society and market experience of domestic and foreign public service,market supply methods were discussed about rural public sports service. However,there are certain factors restricting market supply in this process. On the basis of the analysis,it came up with several optimization measures for market supply of rural public sports service.

Utility Analysis on Supply of Rural Public Policies in North Bay Economic Zone

From analysis on internal and external motive forces of development in North Bay Economic Zone, it indicates that public policies, as basic methods of government intervening against social and economic activities, are fundamental public goods produced by government. Effective supply of public policies brings rural economic growth, environmental protection and sustainable development, which greatly stimulates rural consumption, expands domestic demand and spurs economic growth, showing significant "multiplier effect". In this situation, this paper studies conditions for rural economic development and social transformation of the North Bay Economic Zone. Results show that social and economic development of rural areas of the North Bay Economic Zone needs scientific, reasonable and effective "public policies".

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。

新型农村集体经济发展、公共品供给与乡村干群关系

基于中国劳动力动态调查数据,运用有序Logit模型,实证检验新型农村集体经济发展对乡村干群关系的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:新型农村集体经济发展能够显著改善乡村干群关系,公共品供给增加是新型农村集体经济发展改善乡村干群关系的重要机制。其中,生产型公共品供给和生活型公共品供给增加均在新型农村集体经济发展改善乡村干群关系中发挥重要机制作用。进一步研究发现,新型农村集体经济发展对乡村干群关系的改善效应在宗族文化强的村庄和村主任有管理经验的村庄更强。因此,改善乡村干群关系,应大力发展壮大新型农村集体经济,构建兼顾高效与公平的利益分配机制,鼓励以多元路径提供多样化的乡村公共品,以重塑村落共同体并增强村庄凝聚力。

供给侧结构性改革促进了城乡基本公共服务均等化吗?

在区域发展不均衡的现实背景下,政府能否通过深化供给侧结构性改革提升基本公共服务供给水平,进而促进城乡基本公共服务均等化具有重要的现实意义。基于2010—2021年268个地级市面板数据,利用熵权法分别测度城市与农村基本公共服务供给水平,并引入信息熵概念计算得出均等化程度,据此进一步进行回归分析。研究结果表明:供给侧结构性改革对基本公共服务供给水平的提升具有促进作用,并且供给侧结构性改革通过提升公共服务财政支出水平与加强数字基础设施建设两条作用路径提升城乡基本公共服务均等化程度。此外,对西部和低均等化城市而言,供给侧结构性改革对城乡基本公共服务均等化程度的促进作用更加明显。研究的政策启示在于:实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的目标,仍需持续推进供给侧结构性改革,尤其需要发挥公共服务财政支出的调节作用,并进一步提升数字基础设施建设水平及其赋能功效;同时根据区域发展情况、均等化程度实施差异化供给策略,提升公共服务供给侧结构性改革的精准度和有效性。

公共产品一体化引领县域城乡融合的机理、挑战与对策

现阶段,县城成为城镇化体系建设中的重点环节,乡村振兴战略全面深入实施,推进县域城乡融合正当其时。公共产品一体化是城乡融合的重要载体并具有先导作用。其中,社会公共产品一体化促进城乡要素自由流动,经济公共产品一体化促进城乡产业融合,数字公共产品一体化促进城乡治理融合。县域公共产品一体化受到城乡二元体制、县级财政能力、县域公共产品特性及农村公共产品供给短板等因素挑战。需要统筹规划、构建多元可持续的投融资模式、公共产品分类转型供给、全面提升农村公共产品供给等,以公共产品一体化引领县域城乡融合。

乡村振兴背景下韶关市农村体育公共服务供给困境与策略研究

该文主要运用问卷调查法、访谈法、文献综述法等研究方法。通过对韶关市农村体育公共服务现状、供给现实的困境等方面进行深入的调查和研究,找到韶关市农村体育供给服务存在的突出问题,并提出相应的策略,解决韶关市农村体育公共服务供给存在的问题,提高韶关市农村体育公共服务供给的质量,满足人民的需求,推进实施全民健身国家战略这一重要任务的进程。

君自故乡来:关系网络促进农民工参与农村公共品供给了吗

引导和激励返乡农民工参与农村公共品供给对于推进乡村建设具有重要意义,也有助于解决农村公共品供给中“最后一公里”难题。本文分别从邻里关系、亲族关系两个维度,基于2016年与2018年两期中国劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS),实证检验了关系网络对返乡农民工农村公共品供给意愿的影响。研究结果表明:第一,关系网络显著促进返乡农民工参与农村公共品供给意愿,即关系网络更融洽的返乡农民工参与农村公共品供给意愿更强;第二,关系网络可通过强化乡土情结促进农民工返乡的生活适应性与生产依赖性,进而提升其公共品供给意愿;第三,长期返乡、村容村貌美观、位于东部地区的返乡农民工,其关系网络对供给意愿的促进作用更明显,通过分组回归识别出有效吸引返乡农民工积极参与乡村建设的边界条件,为进一步依据村庄布局与地理位置的关系网络特征制定与此相适应的农村公共品供给政策提供了参考。因此,在大力实施乡村振兴背景下,提出要重视关系网络对于返乡农民工参与农村公共品供给的积极影响,建设和美乡村,缩小城乡间建设差距。

资源下乡背景下的村级治理能力探赜

乡村振兴背景下,如何将国家资源输入转化为基层治理能力提高是重要的实践问题。南京A村的经验案例表明,面对资源落地过程中村民以谋取利益为动机的利益博弈对村级治理能力的挑战,村干部在考核压力下遵循“摆平”而非“治理”的逻辑,通过利益交换获得村民配合,使村庄治理陷入行政有效而治理无效的困境。资源下乡背景下农村公共品制度内供给、村级组织行政化、基层治理服务泛化等治理转型造成的村民参与虚化、村干部治理动力弱化和干群关系失衡,是村级治理能力弱化的主要成因。将国家资源输入转化为村级治理能力提高的关键在于,重视村庄主体性地位和功能。同时,赋予村级组织资源再分配权力和提高村民组织化参与治理的能力,是实现资源下乡背景下村级治理能力现代化的重要路径。

差异化控制:项目权力分配的实践机制及治理效应——基于鄂中与皖北乡镇的比较研究

基层治理是国家治理的基石,项目制是政府通过落实项目资源的分配促进乡村振兴的途径之一,是实现基层治理现代化的关键。基层政府的差异化权力配置在目标设定、检查验收以及激励分配中呈现出高度关联和松散关联两种形态,在村庄项目运作实践中体现为“行政控制”和“自主控制”两种方式,由此产生两种不同的村庄治理样态。高度关联型的项目权力配置压缩了基层政府的自主性,过度强调高标准、重压力和强考核,使项目体制趋于刚性化,进而阻碍了乡村的发展;而松散关联型的项目权力分配赋予基层政府适度剩余控制权,能将精细化的项目标准与村庄发展需求相结合,发挥项目资源动员作用,促进项目资源的最大化利用,激活村庄治理主体的积极性和主动性,有利于构建政府、村庄与村民共建共治共享的项目治理新格局。

供需耦合视角下城乡公共体育服务满意度差异机制研究

公共体育服务作为连接城乡居民与健康生活的重要桥梁,其满意度直接反映了服务的质量与效果。由于居民性别、年龄、学历、收入及居住区域等多方面的不同,公共体育服务需求与满意度呈现出多元化和差异化的特点,但无论如何,服务的核心始终是满足民众不断增长的体育健身需求。基于此,本文系统分析了我国城乡居民的实际需求与满意度,并进行了合理分类,同时针对当前公共体育服务的现状提出了针对性的建议,旨在为政府制定更加精准的公共体育服务政策提供有力依据,为解决服务中存在的问题提供切实可行的参考,以期能够进一步提升我国公共体育服务的整体质量,让每一位居民都能享受到更加优质的体育健身服务,从而提高全国人民的幸福感和生活质量。