Supplier Development under Supply Risk and Reputational Risk

This paper considers the supplier investment decision-making problem in a supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer(OEM),a global supplier,and a local supplier.To reduce dependence on global suppliers and improve supply stability,we develop a differential game model to investigate the optimal investment decisions of the OEM towards the local supplier under different risk scenarios and the impact of different risks on the optimal decisions.The results show that investment efficiency and risks have a significant impact on OEM investment decisions.Specifically,when the OEM has higher investment efficiency,investing in the local supplier is profitable for the OEM;conversely,when the investment efficiency of the OEM is lower,it does not invest.In addition,an increase in the supply risk of the global supplier will lower the entry threshold for OEM investment,but an increase in the supply risk of the local supplier and the reputational risk of both will increase this threshold,meaning that only the OEM with significantly higher investment efficiency can profit.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Shipping Supply Chain Risks

This study aims to investigate whether Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)activities reduce supply chain disruptions by examining the impact of the Suez Canal obstruction on the Ever Given container ship in March 2021.This study conclude that the more responsible companies have higher returns and are less affected by this event than the less responsible companies;the less responsible companies have lower returns.The companies with better CSR have a lower impact on their supply chains when faced with disruptions in the supply chain.

Agricultural Supply Chain Risks Evaluation with Spherical Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the development of the global economy.As most developing and third world countries are heavily dependent on agriculture and agricultural imports,the agricultural supply chains(ASC)in all these countries are exposed to unprecedented risks following COVID-19.Therefore,it is vital to investigate the impact of risks and create resilient ASC organizations.In this study,critical risks associated with ASC were assessed using a novel Analytical Hierarchy Process based on spherical fuzzy sets(SF-AHP).The findings indicated that depending on the scope and scale of the organization,supply risks,demand risks,financial risks,logistics and infrastructure risks,management and operational risks,policy and regulatory risks,and biological and environmental risks all have a significant impact on ASC.This research highlighted that the most significant criterion is specified as Transportation(TP),followed by Market(MA)and Policy(PO),respectively.Meanwhile,Technology(TL)is the least significant criterion.The study’s findings can help managers with a holistic view of the agriculture supply chain risk mitigation.Furthermore,this study may assist managers in sharing information about the processing of agricultural products from top to bottom to manage risk in the supply chain.

Study on risk analysis of supply chain enterprises

The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from the aspects of risk sharing, information sharing, change of inventory control mode, and supply chain flexibility. Finally, problems in current research on supply chain risk management are pointed out and a discussion on future research trend is presented.

Risk Management Situation and Strategic Analysis of Supply Chains of Small and Medium Enterprises in Luzhou Liquor Industry Development Zone

After entering the information-based society, profound reform has happened in the business pattern of enterprises, and thecompetitive mode between traditional enterprises has been transformed into the competition between supply chains in nowadays. The liquorindustry in Luzhou is the pillar industry of economy, which involves “Luzhou Old Cellar”, “Ichiro Liquor”and other large-scale enterpriseswith well-known brands. Besides, many small and medium-sized enterprises are developing and flourishing in Luzhou. Compared with thedevelopment of large enterprises, the development of small and medium sized enterprises has more uncertainty and risks. At present, Luzhou Cityis setting about to build Huangyi into a liquor centralized zone, which is also a clusterization strategy for industry development of Luzhou liquor.For Luzhou Liquor Zone, the implementation of supply chain management of small and medium-sized enterprises can greatly reduce the cost ofenterprises and improve effi ciency of operation. The growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Luzhou Liquor Zone andthe promotion of advantages of industrial clusters are closely related to the risks of the supply chain.

Impact analysis of supplier relationship on supply chain resilience using biological cellular resilience theory

A supply chain resilience model is established based on the biological cellular resilience theory to analyze the impact of the supplier relationship on supply chain resilience. A scenario where the market demand is changed suddenly by some undesired events is considered. The results reveal that enhancing collaboration with a more resilient supplier can significantly improve supply chain resilience and reduce supply chain losses. It is also found that enhancing the supplier relationship can significantly benefit supply chain resilience if the collaborative intensity is relatively low, and it has less effect if supply chain members have already collaborated closely. Thus, enhancing the supplier relationship to a limited intensity is a relatively effective and economic method to strengthen supply chain resilience.

Research on The Factors Affecting Profit Allocation Based on Virtual Supply Chain

Traditional profit allocation solutions cannot be effectively applied to the practice for the limitations in their premises and principles. This paper based on the practical processes of virtual supply chain performs analysis on major factors relative to cost and risk which effect the profit allocation among the partners, and then proposes the quantitative relations between the factors and profit allocation. The relations can serve as a base for further research on extensive profit allocation model.

Characteristics of groundwater and urban emergency water sources optimazation in Luoyang,China

The construction of emergency water sources is the material basis for ensuring urban water safety,and it is also an inherent requirement for maintaining social stability and development.The hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater in Luoyang City from the aspects of the division of groundwater aquifer groups,water yield property and groundwater dynamics were described in this paper.Two emergency water sources were selected on basis of comprehensively considering groundwater resources and ecological environmental effects,groundwater quality and exploitation technology,etc.Then it further analysed the aquifer types,water yield properties and groundwater recharge,runoff and discharge conditions of the two emergency water sources,and evaluate the groundwater resources quantity of the water sources.The results are that the shallow underground aquifer in Luoyang City is thick,coarse,and stable in lithology and thickness.The two water sources enjoy good exploitation potential and can be used as backup water sources to supply water in the event of a water source crisis.

Significance of Rare Mineral Resources to Strategic Emerging Industries

As non-renewable natural resources, rare minerals＇ are extensively used as important raw materials in strategic emerging industries. As global consumption continues to increase over recent years, international competition in the area of rare mineral minerals has been escalating. On the basis＇ of the identification of 22 rare mineral resources of six categories and analysis of their applications in strategic emerging industries, this paper has adopted a three-factor analytical framework and designed nine indicators from the three dimensions of supply risks, environmental impacts and economic impacts of restricted supply to conduct a quantitative evaluation of the strategic significance of rare mineral resources. The result indicates that the strategic significance of platinum-group metals is the highest and the strategic significance of cesium is the lowest. In order to further increase the reliability of evaluation results, this paper has employed the Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis＇. Simulation result demonstrates that after the impacts＂ of individual indicators have been taken into account, the results＇ of this paper＇s evaluation of 22 rare mineral resources remain valid. Given the growing significance of rare mineral resources to strategic emerging industries, China should formulate a national strategy on rare mineral resources＇, strive to inerease the supply security of key raw materials for strategic emerging industries and achieve the sustainable development and utilization of rare mineral resources for national security of natural resources.

A Server Placement Algorithm for Reducing Risk and Improving Power Utilization in Data Centers

As the power demand in data centers is increasing,the power capacity of the power supply system has become an essential resource to be optimized.Although many data centers use power oversubscription to make full use of the power capacity,there are unavoidable power supply risks associated with it.Therefore,how to improve the data center power capacity utilization while ensuring power supply security has become an important issue.To solve this problem,we first define it and propose a risk evaluation metric called Weighted Power Supply Risk(WPSRisk).Then,a method,named Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Ant Colony System(HGAACS),is proposed to improve power capacity utilization and reduce power supply risks by optimizing the server placement in the power supply system.HGAACS uses historical power data of each server to find a better placement solution by population iteration.HGAACS possesses not only the remarkable local search ability of Ant Colony System(ACS),but also enhances the global search capability by incorporating genetic operators from Genetic Algorithm(GA).To verify the performance of HGAACS,we experimentally compare it with five other placement algorithms.The experimental results show that HGAACS can perform better than other algorithms in both improving power utilization and reducing the riskof powersupply system.

A REVIEW OF ENTERPRISE SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT

This paper reviews enterprise risk management practices in the context of supply chains. Starting with the importance of managing supply chain risks, the paper established the benefits of managing risks using an enterprise-wise integrated approach. The rest of the paper then presents a practical framework for enterprises to manage risks in their extended supply chains.

Retailers’ Order Strategies in Transshipments in Disruption Risks of Supply Chains

This article investigates the order problem in a two-stage supply chain consisting of retail- ers, primary suppliers and backup suppliers. From retailers＇ perspectives, the optimal offering strategies in unidirectional transshipments are analyzed on the basis of disruption risks in supply chains. With a focus on retailers＇ profits, it develops the decision model of retailers＇ orders in the dual sourcing mode and in the mode of capacity options, to maximize the retailers＇ expected profits. The simulation shows that retailers＇ optimal order decisions are not correlated with the joint disruption probability in the two order modes without service constraints; retailers＇ optimal decisions are influenced by the joint disruption probability in the two order modes with service constraints, and the impact of the joint disruption probability of the primary suppliers＇ optimal order from retailers differs in the two modes. Retailers＇ order decisions in respect of backup suppliers are more sensitive to the changing volumes of transshipments. The contribution of this article is the impact of main parameters on retailers＇ decisions, providing some guidance for enterprises to make order decisions.

Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience(SCRes).This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes.The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility,visibility,agility,and other capabilities at various stages of risk management.Hence,technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes.Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes,these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies.Furthermore,disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes.The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

Trade Credit and Buyer Financing

This study investigates trade credit and early payment financing in a three-party supply chain consisting of a manufacturer,a capital-constrained distributor,and a retail platform.The manufacturer or the platform provides the financing service to the distributor.Two different leadership structures are investigated,namely,platform and manufacturer leadership Stackelberg game,where the platform or manufacturer first makes the decision,respectively.Under trade credit financing,the manufacturer and the whole supply chain face loss when the commission rate increases.However,under buyer financing,they benefit from the high commission rate.Under platform leadership,the distributor,the manufacturer,and the supply chain perform better with trade credit if and only if the commission rate is small or the production cost is high,while the platform always prefers buyer financing.Under manufacturer leadership,the distributor,manufacturer,and supply chain perform better with trade credit under low production cost and commission rate.The platform prefers trade credit when production cost is in the intermediate range.By further analyzing the case that both financing channels are available and the distributor decides which one to choose,we find that the financing services competition hurts only the platform's profits.And under certain conditions,trade credit and early payment can achieve the same performance for every supply chain member.These findings enhance our understanding of the supply chain risk allocation efficiency of trade credit and early payment financing under different leadership structures.Neither risk allocation form outperforms the other,and the relative efficiency depends on supply chain characteristics.