Objective： To investigate the best surgical mode for the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy. Methods： The clinical data of 88 patients of nasopharyngeal...Objective： To investigate the best surgical mode for the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy. Methods： The clinical data of 88 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. The levels of involved lymph nodes and the relationship among the levels were analyzed; the survival rate and recurrent rate of the surgical modes including radical neck dissection （RND）, modified radical neck dissection （MRND）, selective neck dissection （SND）, and lymph node resection （LNR） were analyzed; the role of postoperative radiotherapy was evaluated. Results： （1） The recurrent and persistent lymph nodes mainly located in level Ⅱ（55.6% and 58.6%, respectively）, next was level Ⅲ and rarely in level Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and Ⅰ, but the number of levels Ⅳ Ⅴ, and Ⅰ with cancer-bearing lymph nodes was relatively more than that of clinical measurement. （2） Patients with lymph nodes involved in level Ⅲ and Ⅳ, usually, have other levels involved simultaneously; the percentages were 63.6% and 88.9%, respectively. However, the lymph nodes in level Ⅱ and Ⅴ were mainly isolated. （3） The 5-year survival rate and recurrent rate of the whole group were 42.77% and 22.7%, respectively. （4） The 5-year survival rates of RND, MRND, SND, and LMR groups were 39.75%, 60.00%, 37.87%, and 44.10%, respectively; the differences were insignificant （Log-rank = 1.0, P = 0.8011）; the recurrent rate between the extensive and local surgery groups were insignificant （X^2 = 0.470, P = 0.493）. （5） The 5-year survival rates of the patients with and without postoperative radiotherapy were 39.06% and 45.26%, respectively; the difference was insignificant （Log-rank = 0.06, P = 0.8138）. Conclusion： The extensive surgery was recommended when the recurrent and persistent lymph nodes were more than one level involved or very large or immovable, otherwise, the SND should be performed and postoperative radiotherapy was important compensation if necessary.展开更多
Objective： To explore the treatment of clinically negative neck （CN0） patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods： 165 CN0 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue from 1985 to 2002 wer...Objective： To explore the treatment of clinically negative neck （CN0） patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods： 165 CN0 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue from 1985 to 2002 were investigated retrospectively. Parts of the patients staged at T1, T2 and T3 underwent resection of primary lesion followed by neck observation, and other patients staged above T2 or at T1 but without follow-up were treated with elective neck dissection （END）. All patients were followed up for more than 3 y or until their death. Results： Lymphatic metastasis was identified histologically after operation in 33 of 120 patients treated with END, and 9 of 45 patients treated with resection of primary lesion alone. The overall rate of occult lymphatic metastasis was 25.45%, which increased with the elevating of clinical T stage. The overall rate of neck uncontrolled death was 20.00% for observation group and 5.00% for END group, and significant difference was found between them （P〈0.05）. For T~ patients in the two groups, the rate of neck uncontrolled death was 7.71% and 4.00% respectively, and no significance was found between them （P〉0.05）. When stage T2 and T3 were considered as middle stage together, significant difference （P〈0.05） could be obtained between observation （70.00%） and END group （0%）. Conclusion： The occult metastasis rate of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue increases with the elevating of clinical stage, and elective neck dissection could be considered for NO patients staged over T2 to improve neck control and survival rate; and regional resection alone of primary lesion could be considered for T1N0 patients to improve quality of life if closely followed up is conducted.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC） has a high incidence of cervical micrometastases and sometimes metastasizes contralaterally because of the rich lymphatic intercommunications relative to submucosal plexus of oral...Oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC） has a high incidence of cervical micrometastases and sometimes metastasizes contralaterally because of the rich lymphatic intercommunications relative to submucosal plexus of oral cavity that freely communicate across the midline, and it can facilitate the spread of neoplastic cells to any area of the neck consequently. Clinical and histopathologic factors continue to provide predictive information to contralateral neck metastases （CLNM） in OSCC, which determine prophylactic and adjuvant treatments for an individual patient. This review describes the predictive value of clinical-histopathologic factors, which relate to primary tumor and cervical lymph nodes, and surgical dissection and adjuvant treatments. In addition, the indications for elective contralateral neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy （aRT） and strategies for follow-up are offered, which is strongly focused by clinicians to prevent later CLNM and poor prognosis subsequently.展开更多
Background Squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） of the tongue maxillofacial region. To provide clinical evidence for selective analyzing the characteristics and correlation of factors of occult with SCC of the tongue. is o...Background Squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） of the tongue maxillofacial region. To provide clinical evidence for selective analyzing the characteristics and correlation of factors of occult with SCC of the tongue. is one of the most common cancers in the oral and neck dissection in management of cN0 patients by cervical lymph node metastases （OCLNM） in patients Methods From 2002 to 2006, 100 consecutive patients with SCC of the tongue were reviewed by analyzing the characteristics of OCLNM, diameter of the tumor, T classifications, depth of invasion, forms of growth, pathological grade and degree of differentiation. Results The rate of OCLNM in 100 patients with SCC of the tongue was 22%. The most common region with OCLNM was level Ⅱ in the ipsilateral neck, followed by levels Ⅰ and Ⅲ. There were 51.61% （16/31） of OCLNM in level Ⅱ and 87.10% （27/31） of OCLNM in levels Ⅰ-Ⅲ. There was no significant correlation between the diameter of tumor and OCLNM （P 〉0.05）. OCLNM was statistically significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, forms of growth, pathological grade and degree of differentiation （P 〈0.05）. The rate of occult metastases increased with the increased pathological grade, the decreased degree of differentiation and the increased depth of invasion. Conclusions The most common regions with OCLNM in cN0 patients with SCC of the tongue were levels Ⅰ-Ⅲ in the ipsilateral neck. Supraomohyoid neck dissection should be the elective treatment to the neck in patients with cN0 SCC of the tongue by consideration of the clinical and pathological factors for the depth of invasion, forms of growth, pathological grade, and degree of differentiation.展开更多
Aim:Surgical treatment of clinically negative neck in maxillary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the upper jaw is controversial.The purpose of this systematic review was to define the incidence of cervical metastasis an...Aim:Surgical treatment of clinically negative neck in maxillary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the upper jaw is controversial.The purpose of this systematic review was to define the incidence of cervical metastasis and to assess if elective neck dissection is justified when the neck is not primarily affected.Methods:An electronic literature search was conducted in several databases,including MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central databases,for articles written in English.Results:Twenty-eight articles were included in the review.The overall cervical metastases rate was 33%and the total initial cervical metastases rate was 16%.Interestingly,the author found that 71%of patients with cervical metastases from maxillary SCC carcinoma were T3/T4 stage.Conclusion:This review shows the need for a change in the management of the N0 neck in SCC arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate.Elective neck dissection should be performed in patients with T3/T4 tumours with clinic or radiographic negative necks(N0c).展开更多
文摘Objective： To investigate the best surgical mode for the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy. Methods： The clinical data of 88 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. The levels of involved lymph nodes and the relationship among the levels were analyzed; the survival rate and recurrent rate of the surgical modes including radical neck dissection （RND）, modified radical neck dissection （MRND）, selective neck dissection （SND）, and lymph node resection （LNR） were analyzed; the role of postoperative radiotherapy was evaluated. Results： （1） The recurrent and persistent lymph nodes mainly located in level Ⅱ（55.6% and 58.6%, respectively）, next was level Ⅲ and rarely in level Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and Ⅰ, but the number of levels Ⅳ Ⅴ, and Ⅰ with cancer-bearing lymph nodes was relatively more than that of clinical measurement. （2） Patients with lymph nodes involved in level Ⅲ and Ⅳ, usually, have other levels involved simultaneously; the percentages were 63.6% and 88.9%, respectively. However, the lymph nodes in level Ⅱ and Ⅴ were mainly isolated. （3） The 5-year survival rate and recurrent rate of the whole group were 42.77% and 22.7%, respectively. （4） The 5-year survival rates of RND, MRND, SND, and LMR groups were 39.75%, 60.00%, 37.87%, and 44.10%, respectively; the differences were insignificant （Log-rank = 1.0, P = 0.8011）; the recurrent rate between the extensive and local surgery groups were insignificant （X^2 = 0.470, P = 0.493）. （5） The 5-year survival rates of the patients with and without postoperative radiotherapy were 39.06% and 45.26%, respectively; the difference was insignificant （Log-rank = 0.06, P = 0.8138）. Conclusion： The extensive surgery was recommended when the recurrent and persistent lymph nodes were more than one level involved or very large or immovable, otherwise, the SND should be performed and postoperative radiotherapy was important compensation if necessary.
基金This work was supported by the Shantou Municipal Key Sci & Tech Project (No.2004-102).
文摘Objective： To explore the treatment of clinically negative neck （CN0） patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods： 165 CN0 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue from 1985 to 2002 were investigated retrospectively. Parts of the patients staged at T1, T2 and T3 underwent resection of primary lesion followed by neck observation, and other patients staged above T2 or at T1 but without follow-up were treated with elective neck dissection （END）. All patients were followed up for more than 3 y or until their death. Results： Lymphatic metastasis was identified histologically after operation in 33 of 120 patients treated with END, and 9 of 45 patients treated with resection of primary lesion alone. The overall rate of occult lymphatic metastasis was 25.45%, which increased with the elevating of clinical T stage. The overall rate of neck uncontrolled death was 20.00% for observation group and 5.00% for END group, and significant difference was found between them （P〈0.05）. For T~ patients in the two groups, the rate of neck uncontrolled death was 7.71% and 4.00% respectively, and no significance was found between them （P〉0.05）. When stage T2 and T3 were considered as middle stage together, significant difference （P〈0.05） could be obtained between observation （70.00%） and END group （0%）. Conclusion： The occult metastasis rate of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue increases with the elevating of clinical stage, and elective neck dissection could be considered for NO patients staged over T2 to improve neck control and survival rate; and regional resection alone of primary lesion could be considered for T1N0 patients to improve quality of life if closely followed up is conducted.
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC） has a high incidence of cervical micrometastases and sometimes metastasizes contralaterally because of the rich lymphatic intercommunications relative to submucosal plexus of oral cavity that freely communicate across the midline, and it can facilitate the spread of neoplastic cells to any area of the neck consequently. Clinical and histopathologic factors continue to provide predictive information to contralateral neck metastases （CLNM） in OSCC, which determine prophylactic and adjuvant treatments for an individual patient. This review describes the predictive value of clinical-histopathologic factors, which relate to primary tumor and cervical lymph nodes, and surgical dissection and adjuvant treatments. In addition, the indications for elective contralateral neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy （aRT） and strategies for follow-up are offered, which is strongly focused by clinicians to prevent later CLNM and poor prognosis subsequently.
文摘Background Squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） of the tongue maxillofacial region. To provide clinical evidence for selective analyzing the characteristics and correlation of factors of occult with SCC of the tongue. is one of the most common cancers in the oral and neck dissection in management of cN0 patients by cervical lymph node metastases （OCLNM） in patients Methods From 2002 to 2006, 100 consecutive patients with SCC of the tongue were reviewed by analyzing the characteristics of OCLNM, diameter of the tumor, T classifications, depth of invasion, forms of growth, pathological grade and degree of differentiation. Results The rate of OCLNM in 100 patients with SCC of the tongue was 22%. The most common region with OCLNM was level Ⅱ in the ipsilateral neck, followed by levels Ⅰ and Ⅲ. There were 51.61% （16/31） of OCLNM in level Ⅱ and 87.10% （27/31） of OCLNM in levels Ⅰ-Ⅲ. There was no significant correlation between the diameter of tumor and OCLNM （P 〉0.05）. OCLNM was statistically significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, forms of growth, pathological grade and degree of differentiation （P 〈0.05）. The rate of occult metastases increased with the increased pathological grade, the decreased degree of differentiation and the increased depth of invasion. Conclusions The most common regions with OCLNM in cN0 patients with SCC of the tongue were levels Ⅰ-Ⅲ in the ipsilateral neck. Supraomohyoid neck dissection should be the elective treatment to the neck in patients with cN0 SCC of the tongue by consideration of the clinical and pathological factors for the depth of invasion, forms of growth, pathological grade, and degree of differentiation.
文摘Aim:Surgical treatment of clinically negative neck in maxillary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the upper jaw is controversial.The purpose of this systematic review was to define the incidence of cervical metastasis and to assess if elective neck dissection is justified when the neck is not primarily affected.Methods:An electronic literature search was conducted in several databases,including MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central databases,for articles written in English.Results:Twenty-eight articles were included in the review.The overall cervical metastases rate was 33%and the total initial cervical metastases rate was 16%.Interestingly,the author found that 71%of patients with cervical metastases from maxillary SCC carcinoma were T3/T4 stage.Conclusion:This review shows the need for a change in the management of the N0 neck in SCC arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate.Elective neck dissection should be performed in patients with T3/T4 tumours with clinic or radiographic negative necks(N0c).
