Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging are non-invasive techniques used to detect metabolites and water diffusion in vivo. Previous studies have confirmed a positive correlation of individ...Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging are non-invasive techniques used to detect metabolites and water diffusion in vivo. Previous studies have confirmed a positive correlation of individual fractional anisotropy values with N-acetylaspartate/creatine and N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios in tumors, edema, and normal white matter. This study divided the brain parenchyma into tumor, pedtumoral edema, and normal-appearing white matter according to MRI data, and analyzed the correlation of metabolites with water molecular diffusion. Results demonstrated that in normal-appearing white matter, N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios were positively correlated with fractional anisotropy values, negatively correlated with radial diffusivities, and positively correlated with maximum eigenvalues. Maximum eigenvalues and radial diffusivities in peritumoral edema showed a negative correlation with choline, N-acetylaspartate, and creatine. Radial diffusivities in tumor demonstrated a negative correlation with choline. These data suggest that the relationship between metabolism and structure is markedly changed from normal white matter to peritumoral edema and tumor. Neural metabolism in the peritumoral edema area decreased with expanding extracellular space. The normal relationship of neural function and microstructure disappeared in the tumor region.展开更多
Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a rare proliferative histiocyte disorder.It can affect any organ or system,especially the bone,skin,lung,and central nervous system(CNS).In the CNS,the hypothalamic-pituitary is pr...Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a rare proliferative histiocyte disorder.It can affect any organ or system,especially the bone,skin,lung,and central nervous system(CNS).In the CNS,the hypothalamic-pituitary is predominantly affected,whereas the brain parenchyma is rarely affected.LCH occurring in the brain parenchyma can be easily confused with glioblastoma or brain metastases.Thus,multimodal imaging is useful for the differential diagnosis of these intracerebral lesions and detection of lesions in the other organs.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man presented with a headache for one week and sudden syncope.Brain computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregularly shaped nodule with heterogeneous enhancement.On^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography/CT,a nodule with^(18)F-FDG uptake and multiple cysts in the upper lobes of both lungs were noted,which was also confirmed by high-resolution CT.Thus,the patient underwent surgical resection of the brain lesion for further examination.Postoperative pathology confirmed LCH.The patient received chemotherapy after surgery.No recurrence was observed in the brain at the 12-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION Multimodal imaging is useful for evaluating the systemic condition of LCH,developing treatment plans,and designing post-treatment strategies.展开更多
AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer ...AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. It is more common in far eastern countries and relatively rare in the United States and western European countries where at autopsy...Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. It is more common in far eastern countries and relatively rare in the United States and western European countries where at autopsy it accounts for only 1-2% of malignant rumors, The disease is usually manifested in the the 6^th and 7^th decade of life. HCC is one of the highly malignant neoplasms, Extrahepatic metastases are seen in 64% of patients with HCC. The lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals are common sites of HCC metastasis^[1-3], But, metastasis to brain and skull is extremely rare. Table I shows some of the reported cases of HCC with brain metastasis. These case reports reaffirms the complex and multidisciplinary care of these patients^[4-5].展开更多
AIM: To identify the prognostic factors with regard to survival for patients with brain metastasis from primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: Nine hundred and sixteen patients with brain metastases, t...AIM: To identify the prognostic factors with regard to survival for patients with brain metastasis from primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: Nine hundred and sixteen patients with brain metastases, treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) between January 1985 and December 2000 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients presented with a primary tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus: n=0, stomach: n=10, colorectal: n=47). Twenty-six patients had a solitary brain metastasis, 31 patients presented with multiple brain metastases. Surgical resection was performed in 25 patients. WBRT was applied with daily fractions of 2 Gray (Gy) or 3Gy to a total dose of 50Gy or 30Gy, respectively. The interval between diagnoses of the primary tumors and brain metastases was 22.6mo vs 8.0mo for patients with primary tumors of the colon/rectum vs other primary tumors, respectively (P<0.01, log-rank). Median overall survival for all patients with brain metastases (n=916) was 3.4mo and 3.2mo for patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms. Patients with gastrointestinal primary tumors presented significantly more often with a solitary brain metastasis than patients with other primary tumors (P<0.05, log-rank). In patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms (n=57), the median overall survival was 5.8 mo for patients with solitary brain metastasis vs 2.7mo for patients with multiple brain metastases (P<0.01, log-rank). The median overall survival for patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70 was 5.5mo vs 2.1mo for patients with KPS <70 (P<0.01, log-rank). At multivariate analysis (Cox Model) the performance status and the number of brain metastases were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: Brain metastases occur late in the course of gastrointestinal tumors. Pretherapeutic variables like KPS and the number of brain metastases have a profound influence on treatment outcome.展开更多
文摘目的探讨表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断肺癌脑转移瘤组织学分型的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数之间的关系。材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤和41例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者的资料,并测定其Ki-67增殖指数。在ADC图上测量肿瘤实性部分的最小ADC值(the minimum ADC,ADCmin)、平均ADC值(the mean ADC,ADCmean)及对侧正常脑白质ADC值,并计算相对ADCmin(relative ADCmin,rADCmin)及相对ADCmean(relative ADCmean,rADCmean)。对比分析二者ADC值的差异,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价ADC值的鉴别诊断价值,并计算ADC值与Ki-67增殖指数之间的相关性。结果小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均小于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各ADC值均能对小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤及非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤进行有效鉴别,其中rADCmean值的鉴别诊断效能最好,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.950[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.907~0.994],最佳截断值为0.955,相应的敏感度和特异度分别为96.23%、83.87%,准确度为91.67%。小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的Ki-67增殖指数大于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。61例肺癌脑转移瘤患者的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均与Ki-67增殖指数呈不同程度的负相关(r=-0.506、r=-0.480、r=-0.569、r=-0.541)。结论ADC值可以对肺癌脑转移瘤的组织学分型进行鉴别诊断,并可以预测Ki-67增殖指数的表达水平。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81171318Shaanxi Provincial Scientific Research Project, No. 2012K13-02-24
文摘Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging are non-invasive techniques used to detect metabolites and water diffusion in vivo. Previous studies have confirmed a positive correlation of individual fractional anisotropy values with N-acetylaspartate/creatine and N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios in tumors, edema, and normal white matter. This study divided the brain parenchyma into tumor, pedtumoral edema, and normal-appearing white matter according to MRI data, and analyzed the correlation of metabolites with water molecular diffusion. Results demonstrated that in normal-appearing white matter, N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios were positively correlated with fractional anisotropy values, negatively correlated with radial diffusivities, and positively correlated with maximum eigenvalues. Maximum eigenvalues and radial diffusivities in peritumoral edema showed a negative correlation with choline, N-acetylaspartate, and creatine. Radial diffusivities in tumor demonstrated a negative correlation with choline. These data suggest that the relationship between metabolism and structure is markedly changed from normal white matter to peritumoral edema and tumor. Neural metabolism in the peritumoral edema area decreased with expanding extracellular space. The normal relationship of neural function and microstructure disappeared in the tumor region.
基金Supported by Guangdong Medical Research Fund to Han-Xiang Liang,No.B2021084Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province to En-Tao Liu,No.20211005High-level Hospital Construction Research Project of Maoming People's Hospital to Han-Xiang Liang,No.ZX2020014.
文摘Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a rare proliferative histiocyte disorder.It can affect any organ or system,especially the bone,skin,lung,and central nervous system(CNS).In the CNS,the hypothalamic-pituitary is predominantly affected,whereas the brain parenchyma is rarely affected.LCH occurring in the brain parenchyma can be easily confused with glioblastoma or brain metastases.Thus,multimodal imaging is useful for the differential diagnosis of these intracerebral lesions and detection of lesions in the other organs.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man presented with a headache for one week and sudden syncope.Brain computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregularly shaped nodule with heterogeneous enhancement.On^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG)positron emission tomography/CT,a nodule with^(18)F-FDG uptake and multiple cysts in the upper lobes of both lungs were noted,which was also confirmed by high-resolution CT.Thus,the patient underwent surgical resection of the brain lesion for further examination.Postoperative pathology confirmed LCH.The patient received chemotherapy after surgery.No recurrence was observed in the brain at the 12-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION Multimodal imaging is useful for evaluating the systemic condition of LCH,developing treatment plans,and designing post-treatment strategies.
基金Supported by The Iowa Leukemia and Cancer Research Fund at University of Iowa Hospitals and clinics
文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. It is more common in far eastern countries and relatively rare in the United States and western European countries where at autopsy it accounts for only 1-2% of malignant rumors, The disease is usually manifested in the the 6^th and 7^th decade of life. HCC is one of the highly malignant neoplasms, Extrahepatic metastases are seen in 64% of patients with HCC. The lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals are common sites of HCC metastasis^[1-3], But, metastasis to brain and skull is extremely rare. Table I shows some of the reported cases of HCC with brain metastasis. These case reports reaffirms the complex and multidisciplinary care of these patients^[4-5].
文摘AIM: To identify the prognostic factors with regard to survival for patients with brain metastasis from primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: Nine hundred and sixteen patients with brain metastases, treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) between January 1985 and December 2000 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients presented with a primary tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus: n=0, stomach: n=10, colorectal: n=47). Twenty-six patients had a solitary brain metastasis, 31 patients presented with multiple brain metastases. Surgical resection was performed in 25 patients. WBRT was applied with daily fractions of 2 Gray (Gy) or 3Gy to a total dose of 50Gy or 30Gy, respectively. The interval between diagnoses of the primary tumors and brain metastases was 22.6mo vs 8.0mo for patients with primary tumors of the colon/rectum vs other primary tumors, respectively (P<0.01, log-rank). Median overall survival for all patients with brain metastases (n=916) was 3.4mo and 3.2mo for patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms. Patients with gastrointestinal primary tumors presented significantly more often with a solitary brain metastasis than patients with other primary tumors (P<0.05, log-rank). In patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms (n=57), the median overall survival was 5.8 mo for patients with solitary brain metastasis vs 2.7mo for patients with multiple brain metastases (P<0.01, log-rank). The median overall survival for patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70 was 5.5mo vs 2.1mo for patients with KPS <70 (P<0.01, log-rank). At multivariate analysis (Cox Model) the performance status and the number of brain metastases were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: Brain metastases occur late in the course of gastrointestinal tumors. Pretherapeutic variables like KPS and the number of brain metastases have a profound influence on treatment outcome.