Surface chemical properties of soil colloids are the important factor affecting soil fertility and genesis. To provide scientific basis for soil genetic classification, promotion of soil fertility and reasonable ferti...Surface chemical properties of soil colloids are the important factor affecting soil fertility and genesis. To provide scientific basis for soil genetic classification, promotion of soil fertility and reasonable fertilization, the specific surface area and electric charge of soil colloids in relation to clay minerals and organic matter are further discussed on the basis of the results obtained from the studies on surface chemical properties of soil colloids in five main soils of China. Results from the studies show that the effect of clay minerals and organic matter on the surface chemical properties of soil colloids is very complicated because the siloxane surface, hydrated oxide surface and organic matter surface do not exist separately, but they are always mixed together and influenced each other. The understanding of the relationship among clay minerals, organic matter and surface chemical properties of soil colloids depends upon further study of the relevant disciplines of soil science, especially the study on the mechanisms of organo-mineral complexes.展开更多
Physiography and soil in Mae Rim watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated by using aerial photographs and satellite image in conjunction with field work, and soil infiltration rate and soil shear res...Physiography and soil in Mae Rim watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated by using aerial photographs and satellite image in conjunction with field work, and soil infiltration rate and soil shear resistance were measured in field. Many factors affecting runoff were analyzed using the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS). As a result, a model determining flood hazard was set up. Three maps including runoff curve number map, runoff coefficient map, and flood inundation map were created. In addition, the time of concentration was predicted.展开更多
Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batc...Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb（II）, and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb（II） adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb（II） adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb（II） and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb（II） increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb（II） to the soils.展开更多
This paper is a review of some advances in the studies on 1.4-nm intergrade mineral of soils in sub-tropical China. 1) 1.4-nm intergrade mineral occurs ubiquitously in soils of subtropical China. The 1.4-nmrnineral in...This paper is a review of some advances in the studies on 1.4-nm intergrade mineral of soils in sub-tropical China. 1) 1.4-nm intergrade mineral occurs ubiquitously in soils of subtropical China. The 1.4-nmrnineral in red soil and yellow soil is mainly 1.4-nm intergrade mineral, and in acidic yellow-brown soil (pH< 5.5) is verniiculite alone or 1.4-nm intergrade mineral together with vermiculite. The distribution and thecontent of 1 .4-nm intergrade mineral in the mountain soils are more widespread and higher than those of thecorresponding soils in horizontal zone. 2) The interlayer material of 1.4-nin intergrade mineral ui these soilsappears to be hydroxy-Al polymers instead of hydroxy-Fe, proto-imogolite or kaolin-like material. There isa significant positive correlation between Al amount extracted from the soil with sodium citrate after DCBextraction and pH value of the citrate solution after the extraction. The citrate can also extract a certainamount of silicon from the soil, but the silicon may not come from interlayer of 1.4-nm intergrade mineral.3) It was seldom studied that either vermiculite or smectite did the natural 1.4-nm intergrade mineral comefrom in soil, or it was commonly thought to come from vermiculite. A recent report has revealed that itcan come from smectite. There are some different behaviors between the 1.4-nm intergrade mineral derivedfrom vermiculite and that from smectite. For example, they exert different influences on the formation ofgibbsite. The 1.4-nm intergrade mineral derived from smectite may promote the formation of gibbsite in theyellow soil. 4) The type of 1.4-nm minerals in soils. i.e., vermiculite or 1.4-nm intergrade mineral, may besignificant to soil properties, such as soil acidity, exchangeable Al, electric charge aiiiount and specific surfacearea. Therefore, the management for the soil in which 1.4-nm mineral is mainly 1.4-nm intergrade mineralor vermiculite should be dealt with differently.展开更多
The surface properties of glass fiber were quantificationally analyzed by inverse gas chromatography （IGC）. Five n-alkanes （C6, C7, C8, C9, and C10） were chosen as apolar probes to characterize the dispersive comp...The surface properties of glass fiber were quantificationally analyzed by inverse gas chromatography （IGC）. Five n-alkanes （C6, C7, C8, C9, and C10） were chosen as apolar probes to characterize the dispersive component of surface free energy. Trichloromethane （CHCl3）, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran （THF） were chosen as polar probes to detect the Lewis acid-base parameters. It is found that the dispersive components of free energy are 32.3, 30.5, 27.5, and 26.9 mJ/m^2 at 70, 80, 90, and 100 ℃. respectively. The Lewis acidic number Ka of the glass fiber is 0.512 4, and the basic number Kb is 2.862. The results mean the glass fiber is a Lewis basic material.展开更多
A cross-pit system (CPS) could combine the excavation of coal and the reclamation of land together, thus it has been widely used in many countries. Based on a field experiment at Horse Creek mine in Illinois State of ...A cross-pit system (CPS) could combine the excavation of coal and the reclamation of land together, thus it has been widely used in many countries. Based on a field experiment at Horse Creek mine in Illinois State of the United States, this paper deeply studies the reclamation technique of surface mining by a CPS and comprehensively evaluates its reclamation effect. Problerns and improvements of the reclamation technique are also discussed in this paper.展开更多
Soil infiltration properties(SIPs)of infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly affect hydrological and erosion processes,thus,knowledge of SIPs under different land use/cover are vital for l...Soil infiltration properties(SIPs)of infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly affect hydrological and erosion processes,thus,knowledge of SIPs under different land use/cover are vital for land use management to control soil erosion for realizing the sustainable development of the small agricultural watershed.Nevertheless,few studies have been carried out to investigate the differences in SIPs and their dominant influencing factors between different land use/cover in the black soil region of Northeast China.Therefore,eight typical land use/cover were selected to clarify the variations in SIPs between different land use/cover and further identify their dominant influencing factors.SIPs of initial infiltration rate(IIR),steady infiltration rate(SIR),and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)were determined under eight typical land use/cover(forestland,shrub land,grassland,longitudinal shelterbelt,transverse shelterbelt,agricultural road,and cropland of Zea mays L.and Glycine max(Linn.)Merr)using a tension disc infiltrometer with three pressure heads of−3,−1.5,and 0 cm.The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed that SIPs varied greatly between different land use/cover.Shelterbelt plant with Populus L.had the maximum IIR,SIR,and Ks,and then followed by shrub land,agricultural road,cropland,grassland,and forestland.Spearman correlation analysis indicated that SIPs were significantly correlated with soil and vegetation properties.Redundancy analysis revealed that differences in SIPs between different land use/cover were dominantly attributed to the differences in soil texture,field capacity,and plant root mass density,which explained 79.36%of the total variation in SIPs.Among these dominant influencing factors,the results of structural equation model indicated that the indirect effects of plant root and soil texture played the most important role in variations of SIPs via affecting soil texture and pore characteristics.These results have significant implications for the precise prediction of watershed hydrological and erosion processes,also provide a scientific basis for guiding the distribution pattern of land use in the cultivated watershed.展开更多
High accuracy surface modeling （HASM） is a method which can be applied to soil property interpolation. In this paper, we present a method of HASM combined geographic information for soil property interpolation （HAS...High accuracy surface modeling （HASM） is a method which can be applied to soil property interpolation. In this paper, we present a method of HASM combined geographic information for soil property interpolation （HASM-SP） to improve the accuracy. Based on soil types, land use types and parent rocks, HASM-SP was applied to interpolate soil available P, Li, pH, alkali-hydrolyzable N, total K and Cr in a typical red soil hilly region. To evaluate the performance of HASM-SP, we compared its performance with that of ordinary kriging （OK）, ordinary kriging combined geographic information （OK-Geo） and stratified kriging （SK）. The results showed that the methods combined with geographic information including HASM-SP and OK-Geo obtained a lower estimation bias. HASM-SP also showed less MAEs and RMSEs when it was compared with the other three methods （OK-Geo, OK and SK）. Much more details were presented in the HASM-SP maps for soil properties due to the combination of different types of geographic information which gave abrupt boundary for the spatial varia- tion of soil properties. Therefore, HASM-SP can not only reduce prediction errors but also can be accordant with the distribution of geographic information, which make the spatial simula- tion of soil property more reasonable. HASM-SP has not only enriched the theory of high accuracy surface modeling of soil property, but also provided a scientific method for the ap- plication in resource management and environment planning.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the current status of soil quality in Chongqing and provide scientific data for the rejuvenation of flowering cherry in the botanical park of the city. [Methods] With t...[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the current status of soil quality in Chongqing and provide scientific data for the rejuvenation of flowering cherry in the botanical park of the city. [Methods] With the flowering cherry soil in Chongqing Botanical Park as the research object, the typical soil in this area was investigated and improved. [Results] After applying soil conditioners, the pH value of the surface soil decreased from 7.32 to 6.34, and the pH value of the bottom soil decreased from 7.52 to 6.77;and the surface soil organic matter increased from 35.2 to 54.1 g/kg, and the bottom soil organic matter increased from 15.7 to 26.3 g/kg. [Conclusions] The soil has strong buffering capacity, and it is difficult to achieve rapid adjustment of soil pH and organic matter in actual work. Soil improvement needs to be carried out step by step. After targeted improvement, further maintenance is required in the later stage.展开更多
文摘Surface chemical properties of soil colloids are the important factor affecting soil fertility and genesis. To provide scientific basis for soil genetic classification, promotion of soil fertility and reasonable fertilization, the specific surface area and electric charge of soil colloids in relation to clay minerals and organic matter are further discussed on the basis of the results obtained from the studies on surface chemical properties of soil colloids in five main soils of China. Results from the studies show that the effect of clay minerals and organic matter on the surface chemical properties of soil colloids is very complicated because the siloxane surface, hydrated oxide surface and organic matter surface do not exist separately, but they are always mixed together and influenced each other. The understanding of the relationship among clay minerals, organic matter and surface chemical properties of soil colloids depends upon further study of the relevant disciplines of soil science, especially the study on the mechanisms of organo-mineral complexes.
文摘Physiography and soil in Mae Rim watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated by using aerial photographs and satellite image in conjunction with field work, and soil infiltration rate and soil shear resistance were measured in field. Many factors affecting runoff were analyzed using the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS). As a result, a model determining flood hazard was set up. Three maps including runoff curve number map, runoff coefficient map, and flood inundation map were created. In addition, the time of concentration was predicted.
基金supported by the Key Technoligies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2012BAJ24B06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41230855)
文摘Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb（II）, and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb（II） adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb（II） adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb（II） and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb（II） increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb（II） to the soils.
文摘This paper is a review of some advances in the studies on 1.4-nm intergrade mineral of soils in sub-tropical China. 1) 1.4-nm intergrade mineral occurs ubiquitously in soils of subtropical China. The 1.4-nmrnineral in red soil and yellow soil is mainly 1.4-nm intergrade mineral, and in acidic yellow-brown soil (pH< 5.5) is verniiculite alone or 1.4-nm intergrade mineral together with vermiculite. The distribution and thecontent of 1 .4-nm intergrade mineral in the mountain soils are more widespread and higher than those of thecorresponding soils in horizontal zone. 2) The interlayer material of 1.4-nin intergrade mineral ui these soilsappears to be hydroxy-Al polymers instead of hydroxy-Fe, proto-imogolite or kaolin-like material. There isa significant positive correlation between Al amount extracted from the soil with sodium citrate after DCBextraction and pH value of the citrate solution after the extraction. The citrate can also extract a certainamount of silicon from the soil, but the silicon may not come from interlayer of 1.4-nm intergrade mineral.3) It was seldom studied that either vermiculite or smectite did the natural 1.4-nm intergrade mineral comefrom in soil, or it was commonly thought to come from vermiculite. A recent report has revealed that itcan come from smectite. There are some different behaviors between the 1.4-nm intergrade mineral derivedfrom vermiculite and that from smectite. For example, they exert different influences on the formation ofgibbsite. The 1.4-nm intergrade mineral derived from smectite may promote the formation of gibbsite in theyellow soil. 4) The type of 1.4-nm minerals in soils. i.e., vermiculite or 1.4-nm intergrade mineral, may besignificant to soil properties, such as soil acidity, exchangeable Al, electric charge aiiiount and specific surfacearea. Therefore, the management for the soil in which 1.4-nm mineral is mainly 1.4-nm intergrade mineralor vermiculite should be dealt with differently.
基金the Key Technologies R&D Programme of Heilongjiang Province (No. GB03A203)Innovative Plan for the Fetched in Talent of NEFU of China.
文摘The surface properties of glass fiber were quantificationally analyzed by inverse gas chromatography （IGC）. Five n-alkanes （C6, C7, C8, C9, and C10） were chosen as apolar probes to characterize the dispersive component of surface free energy. Trichloromethane （CHCl3）, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran （THF） were chosen as polar probes to detect the Lewis acid-base parameters. It is found that the dispersive components of free energy are 32.3, 30.5, 27.5, and 26.9 mJ/m^2 at 70, 80, 90, and 100 ℃. respectively. The Lewis acidic number Ka of the glass fiber is 0.512 4, and the basic number Kb is 2.862. The results mean the glass fiber is a Lewis basic material.
文摘A cross-pit system (CPS) could combine the excavation of coal and the reclamation of land together, thus it has been widely used in many countries. Based on a field experiment at Horse Creek mine in Illinois State of the United States, this paper deeply studies the reclamation technique of surface mining by a CPS and comprehensively evaluates its reclamation effect. Problerns and improvements of the reclamation technique are also discussed in this paper.
基金provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1500803).
文摘Soil infiltration properties(SIPs)of infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly affect hydrological and erosion processes,thus,knowledge of SIPs under different land use/cover are vital for land use management to control soil erosion for realizing the sustainable development of the small agricultural watershed.Nevertheless,few studies have been carried out to investigate the differences in SIPs and their dominant influencing factors between different land use/cover in the black soil region of Northeast China.Therefore,eight typical land use/cover were selected to clarify the variations in SIPs between different land use/cover and further identify their dominant influencing factors.SIPs of initial infiltration rate(IIR),steady infiltration rate(SIR),and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)were determined under eight typical land use/cover(forestland,shrub land,grassland,longitudinal shelterbelt,transverse shelterbelt,agricultural road,and cropland of Zea mays L.and Glycine max(Linn.)Merr)using a tension disc infiltrometer with three pressure heads of−3,−1.5,and 0 cm.The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed that SIPs varied greatly between different land use/cover.Shelterbelt plant with Populus L.had the maximum IIR,SIR,and Ks,and then followed by shrub land,agricultural road,cropland,grassland,and forestland.Spearman correlation analysis indicated that SIPs were significantly correlated with soil and vegetation properties.Redundancy analysis revealed that differences in SIPs between different land use/cover were dominantly attributed to the differences in soil texture,field capacity,and plant root mass density,which explained 79.36%of the total variation in SIPs.Among these dominant influencing factors,the results of structural equation model indicated that the indirect effects of plant root and soil texture played the most important role in variations of SIPs via affecting soil texture and pore characteristics.These results have significant implications for the precise prediction of watershed hydrological and erosion processes,also provide a scientific basis for guiding the distribution pattern of land use in the cultivated watershed.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41001057 China National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, No.40825003 Project Supported by State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, No.2011-KF-06
文摘High accuracy surface modeling （HASM） is a method which can be applied to soil property interpolation. In this paper, we present a method of HASM combined geographic information for soil property interpolation （HASM-SP） to improve the accuracy. Based on soil types, land use types and parent rocks, HASM-SP was applied to interpolate soil available P, Li, pH, alkali-hydrolyzable N, total K and Cr in a typical red soil hilly region. To evaluate the performance of HASM-SP, we compared its performance with that of ordinary kriging （OK）, ordinary kriging combined geographic information （OK-Geo） and stratified kriging （SK）. The results showed that the methods combined with geographic information including HASM-SP and OK-Geo obtained a lower estimation bias. HASM-SP also showed less MAEs and RMSEs when it was compared with the other three methods （OK-Geo, OK and SK）. Much more details were presented in the HASM-SP maps for soil properties due to the combination of different types of geographic information which gave abrupt boundary for the spatial varia- tion of soil properties. Therefore, HASM-SP can not only reduce prediction errors but also can be accordant with the distribution of geographic information, which make the spatial simula- tion of soil property more reasonable. HASM-SP has not only enriched the theory of high accuracy surface modeling of soil property, but also provided a scientific method for the ap- plication in resource management and environment planning.
基金Supported by Chongqing City Administration Bureau Science and Technology Planning Project(YKZ 2017 05)Science and Technology Platform and Base Construction of Chongqing City(cstc2014gjhz20001)Chongqing Science and Technology Planning Project(cstc2011pt-gc80019)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the current status of soil quality in Chongqing and provide scientific data for the rejuvenation of flowering cherry in the botanical park of the city. [Methods] With the flowering cherry soil in Chongqing Botanical Park as the research object, the typical soil in this area was investigated and improved. [Results] After applying soil conditioners, the pH value of the surface soil decreased from 7.32 to 6.34, and the pH value of the bottom soil decreased from 7.52 to 6.77;and the surface soil organic matter increased from 35.2 to 54.1 g/kg, and the bottom soil organic matter increased from 15.7 to 26.3 g/kg. [Conclusions] The soil has strong buffering capacity, and it is difficult to achieve rapid adjustment of soil pH and organic matter in actual work. Soil improvement needs to be carried out step by step. After targeted improvement, further maintenance is required in the later stage.
