圈养细尾獴(Suricata suricatta)的昼间行为观察

2014年1~9月,对成都动物园饲养的6只细尾獴的昼间行为采用目标动物取样法和瞬时扫描取样法进行了观察和记录。分别比较了细尾獴环境丰容前后,不同季节,产仔前后的行为发生频次,以及对环境区域的选择。结果表明,细尾獴环境丰容前期在洞穴中的行为频次极显著高于丰容和丰容后期（P〈0.01）;丰容前期的运动行为极显著低于丰容和丰容后期（P〈0.01）;休息行为两两期间差异极显著（P〈0.01）。春季运动行为显著高于冬季和夏季（P〈0.05）。细尾獴产前的警惕和刨土行为极显著高于产仔后和非产仔期（P〈0.01）,产仔后在洞穴中的频次极显著高于产仔前和非产仔期（P〈0.01）。细尾獴对沙坑的利用高于其余地面环境。

Sudden death in a captive meerkat(Suricata suricatta) with arterial medial and myocardial calcification

A 1-year-old male meerkat was found dead by the owner.The animal was clinically healthy and was regularly vaccinated for distemper virus.Necropsy revealed multifocal to confluent dry white areas in the myocardium,pneumonia and congestive hepatopathy.All the other organs,including gross vessels,were macroscopically normal.The heart showed histologically large,multifocal to confluent areas of mineralization of the myocardium and the wall of small coronary artery.Vascular calcifications were also observed in the hepatic portal tracts and kidneys arteries of small/medium sizes.The arterial lumen appeared narrowed and the wall thickened due to the calcification of the tunica media.In veterinary medicine,arterial mineralization is regarded as a metastatic calcification,as the result of hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia.However,today,the pathogenesis of medial artery calcification in humans seems to be the results of an active process resembling embryonic osteogenesis,rather than a mere passive process.

五种环境丰容对细尾獴警戒及采食行为的影响

于2019年7月至9月以福州动物园饲养的8只细尾獴为研究对象,首先采用全事件取样法与瞬时扫描取样法确定细尾獴的昼间行为谱:警戒、运动、休息、采食、排泄、社交和进入洞穴,之后根据行为谱设计环境丰容。设计了五种环境丰容(棉网、竹网、木桌、木桩和绳梯丰容),研究不同环境丰容对细尾獴警戒及采食行为的影响。结果表明,棉网、竹网、木桌、木桩和绳梯丰容方式均使细尾獴的警戒行为显著增加(P<0.05);竹网、木桌和木桩丰容显著增加了细尾獴的采食行为(P<0.05),绳梯丰容显著降低了细尾獴的采食行为(P<0.05),而棉网丰容与丰容前相比并未有显著变化(P>0.05)。就增加细尾獴的警戒行为和采食行为而言,木桩的丰容效果最好。

细尾獴肠道菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

2017年5月云南某动物园饲养的细尾獴突然发病,相继死亡2只,为尽快找到细尾獴发病及死亡的原因,将死亡的细尾獴尸体进行了病理剖检,见肠管出血、充血,肠壁薄脆并伴有明显的肠胀气,心肌出血,肾肿大,疑似细菌感染。采取死亡细尾獴的肠道内容物进行细菌分离培养、革兰染色镜检、生化试验、PCR扩增和测序比对,并对所分离到的细菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,病死的细尾獴肠道中主要存在的是屎肠球菌和产气肠杆菌,与病理剖检症状相吻合,表明导致细尾獴发病死亡的主要原因正是这两种肠道中常见的条件致病菌。药敏试验结果显示,屎肠球菌对头孢曲松高敏,对氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋钠和环丙沙星等中敏;产气肠杆菌对头孢噻呋钠高敏,对头孢曲松及氧氟沙星等中敏。本试验结果为细尾獴的饲养管理提供了参考,并为同群细尾獴的治疗提供了可靠依据。