Basic Survey Scheduling for the Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST)

Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.

Enhancing landslide hazards survey and management to reduce the loss of human lives and properties

Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering constructions.Annually,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。

Spatial structural characteristics of the Deda ancient landslide in the eastern Tibetan Plateau:Insights from Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics and the Microtremor Survey Method

It is of crucial importance to investigate the spatial structures of ancient landslides in the eastern Tibetan Plateau’s alpine canyons as they could provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of the landslides and indicate the potential for future reactivation.This study examines the Deda ancient landslide,situated in the Chalong-ranbu fault zone,where creep deformation suggests a complex underground structure.By integrating remote sensing,field surveys,Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics(AMT),and Microtremor Survey Method(MSM)techniques,along with engineering geological drilling for validation,to uncover the landslide’s spatial feature s.The research indicates that a fault is developed in the upper part of the Deda ancient landslide,and the gully divides it into Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅠand Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅡin space.The distinctive geological characteristics detectable by MSM in the shallow subsurface and by AMT in deeper layers.The findings include the identification of two sliding zones in the Deda I landslide,the shallow sliding zone(DD-I-S1)depth is approximately 20 m,and the deep sliding zone(DD-I-S2)depth is 36.2-49.9 m.The sliding zone(DD-Ⅱ-S1)depth of the DedaⅡlandslide is 37.6-43.1 m.A novel MSM-based method for sliding zone identification is proposed,achieving less than 5%discrepancy in depth determination when compared with drilling data.These results provide a valuable reference for the spatial structural analysis of large-deepseated landslides in geologically complex regions like the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

Survey on performance of vertical slot and nature-like fishways at Angu hydropower station, Southwest China

To restore dam-blocked natural fish migratory passages,a growing number of artificial fishways have been built in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China.The Angu hydropower station involved diverse important fish habitats in the lower reaches of the Daduhe River in Southwest China.Therefore,a vertical slot fishway(VSF)and a nature-like fishway(NLF)were built near the backwater area of the reservoir to connect the upstream and downstream habitats.Hydrodynamic and aquatic ecological surveys were conducted after the completion of the project to estimate the fish passing effect of the two fishways.The results indicated that both fishways were in effective operation and could maintain the desired hydrodynamic conditions and be used by several local fish species.During the survey,149 fish from 15 species and 111 fish from 17 species were captured by the traps in the VSF and NLF,respectively,while 1263 fish from 27 species were found in the downstream area.Some species captured in the VSF were not found in the NLF,and vice versa,which implied the different preferences of fish.Meanwhile,3789 signals including 2099 upward ones and 1690 downward ones were monitored with an ultrasonic fish detector at the inlet of the VSF.These findings revealed the characteristics of fish species observed in and near the fishways and provided valuable insights into the different fish passing capabilities of VSFandNLF.

Diagnostic values of questionnaires of Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey and College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life in the screening of convergence insufficiency

AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.

Functional Confirmation Using a Medical X-Ray System of a Semiconductor Survey Meter

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.

Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-Up of Seismic Survey Offshore Activities in Brazil

Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.

黄鲫的全基因组survey分析与微卫星分布特征

对黄鲫进行了全基因组测序,并进行了survey分析和微卫星特征研究,旨在评估其基因组基本信息并为进一步研究该物种的遗传多样性和进化提供重要信息。研究表明,黄鲫基因组大小约为815Mb,重复序列比例为39.69%,杂合率为1.77%;通过初步组装,得到的ContigN50为35836bp,ScaffoldN50为107605bp。此外,在全基因组范围内,检测出了14.562379个微卫星位点,相对丰度约1713个·Mb^(-1);其中,二碱基重复最常见(90.64%),其次为单碱基重复(5.52%),6碱基重复较少(0.24%)。微卫星重复拷贝数主要分布在6~15次之间,AC/GT和AG/CT是最常见的2碱基重复类型。这些研究结果为黄鲫的遗传学及进化生物学研究提供了重要的信息,并且为黄鲫的遗传多样性保护提供了有用的分子标记。

Analysis of GPS Technology in Surveying and Mapping Engineering Technology

With the rapid advancement of digital and information technology,global positioning system(GPS)technology has seen increasing utilization in surveying and mapping engineering,extending its application across land,ocean,and various other domains.By analyzing the technical means of GPS in surveying and mapping engineering,understanding the characteristics and key technologies in different application environments,and exploring the application process and key technical means,accurate control can be effectively realized.Based on this,this paper mainly analyzes the specific application of GPS technology in surveying and mapping engineering technology for reference.

黑壳楠染色体核型分析及基因组Survey预测

【目的】明确黑壳楠(Lindera megaphylla)染色体形态结构特征和基因组基本信息。【方法】以野生黑壳楠为材料,采用荧光原位杂交法,对染色体进行核型分析,并通过基因组survey预测了黑壳楠基因组的基本信息。【结果】黑壳楠染色体数目为2n=24,核型公式为2n=2X=24=18m(2SAT)+6sm,9号染色体存在1对随体,属于2B型染色体。染色体组绝对长度变异范围为2.92~5.83,相对长度的变化范围为5.33%~11.11%,核型不对称系数为59.49%。研究还发现,存在1对5S rDNA杂交位点和1对18S rDNA杂交位点,分别位于5号和9号染色体。18S rDNA杂交位点2个杂交信号位置相同、强度近似。基因组survey结果显示,黑壳楠基因大小为1.38 Gb,杂合率为0.8%,重复序列比例为70%。【结论】黑壳楠为2倍体,染色体数目为24条,核型相对对称。黑壳楠在樟科的进化中属于较为原始的物种,且染色体未发生重组、变异或者种内杂交等现象。黑壳楠为大基因组,杂合率较高,重复序列多的物种。

基于基因组survey的横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys analis)微卫星位点筛选与特征分析

探究横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys analis)的种质资源情况以及群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,对于其增养殖实践尤为重要。微卫星分子标记在研究物种种质情况及遗传信息方面有很大优势。采用基因组survey测序方法开发横带髭鲷微卫星位点,结果表明,横带髭鲷基因组大小为543Mb;微卫星位点丰富,共检测到280378个完美型微卫星位点,相对丰度为415.17个/Mb。二核苷酸重复是最丰富的微卫星类型(56.05%),其次为单核苷酸(29.20%)、三核苷酸(10.28%)、四核苷酸(2.99%)、五核苷酸(1.03%)、六核苷酸(0.45%)重复,短序列重复类型占95.53%。重复单元中A/T,TG/CA为优势重复单元,分别占总微卫星位点数的22.37%和21.98%;10次重复和6次重复的微卫星位点数量最多,占横带髭鲷基因组微卫星总数的14.60%和12.46%。利用筛选出的20对多态性微卫星位点扩增一个供试群体进行群体遗传学检测。结果表明,各位点等位基因数从5到13不等,均值为8.75个;平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.808和0.863;多态信息含量(PIC)均值为0.826,且均大于0.5。经Bonferroni校正后有5个位点显著偏离哈迪–温伯格平衡(P<0.001);有4个位点存在无效等位基因。研究结果中的微卫星位点可用于今后横带髭鲷遗传育种和群体遗传学的研究。

真武汤对慢性心力衰竭患者RASS系统活性及血清NT-proBNP、ADH水平影响的研究

目的分析真武汤对慢性心力衰竭患者RASS系统活性及血清NT-proBNP、ADH水平的影响。方法选取江西中医药大学第二附属医院2020年1月至2021年11月收治的150例慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组75例患者。对照组行常规西药治疗,治疗组则在对照组基础上加用真武汤治疗。对比两组临床疗效与治疗前后肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RASS系统)活性(肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮),脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP),血浆抗利尿激素(ADH)水平。结果两组治疗前RASS系统活性与血清NT-proBNP、ADH水平数据对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组临床总有效率高于对照组,且治疗后血清肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮及血清NT-proBNP、ADH水平均低于对照组,组间对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论真武汤利于降低慢性心力衰竭患者RASS系统活性及血清NT-proBNP、ADH水平,提高临床治疗效果。

Characterizing historical(1992–2010) transitions between grassland and cropland in mainland France through mining land-cover survey data

Grassland, as one of the largest ecosystems on the earth, supports various goods and services to humanity.Historically, humans have increased agricultural output primarily by cropland expansion and agricultural intensification.The cropland area was primarily gained at the expense of grassland and forests.Apart from grassland conversion, increasing consumption of calorie- and meat-intensive diets drives the intensification of livestock systems, which is shifting steadily from grazing to feeding with crops.To cope with the environmental degradation due to agriculture, various forms of ‘green payment＇ were implemented to promote the adoption of sustainable farming practices over the last two decades in the European Union.The aim of this study is to monitor the recent transitions（1992–2010） between grassland and cropland during two Common Agricultural Policy（CAP） reforms at the French mainland scale.We proposed an innovative approach to link grassland conversion to agricultural commodities and farming systems practices.We first assessed the grassland-to-cropland conversion and further investigated the crop sequence patterns that were observed to be dominant after the conversion through mining land-cover survey data Teruti and Teruti-Lucas.We found the trends of the transitions between grassland and cropland over the two time intervals： The loss of grassland（1992–2003） and restoration or re-expansion of grassland（2006–2010） in mainland France.Our finding on the crop sequence patterns after the grassland conversion reveals two notable evolutions of agricultural production systems.These evolutions were related to the increase in the proportion of cropland in the total agricultural land use.One evolution was most likely influenced by the demand for fodder： The conversion from grazing livestock to feeding livestock.Another evolution was the conversion from livestock production to field crop production.Our results indicate that the intensification of livestock farming systems continued over the last two decades in France.We conclude that, the approach developed in this study can be considered as a generic method for monitoring the transitions between grassland and cropland and further identifying the crop sequence patterns after the grassland conversion from time-series land cover data.

基于基因组survey数据的疣吻沙蚕微卫星特征分析及多态标记开发

为了解疣吻沙蚕(Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus)基因组信息并高效地开发微卫星标记,指导其种质资源保护与新品种的遗传改良研究,采用低深度高通量测序开展全基因组survey,k-mer分析估计疣吻沙蚕基因组大小为759.53 Mb,杂合率1.41%,重复序列比例45.92%;初步组装获得2181621条scaffold,全长为840375821 bp。在基因组序列中检测到130216个微卫星位点,丰度为154.9个·Mb^(−1)。微卫星重复次数集中在4~18拷贝;单碱基重复比例最高(35.00%),二碱基(32.48%)、三碱基(14.42%)次之;二碱基、三碱基优势基序分别是AT/AT、AAT/ATT,表现出A/T碱基优势。从随机挑选的50对引物中筛选到15对多态标记,在30尾样本中共检测到87个等位基因,等位基因数(N_(a))为2.000~12.000(平均5.800),有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.164~6.713(平均3.328),期望杂合度(H_(e))为0.141~0.789(平均0.561),多态信息含量(PIC)为0.136~0.776(平均0.511);其中13个为高度或中度多态性位点,在遗传分析中有较高的实用价值。结果表明,疣吻沙蚕基因组为复杂基因组,其微卫星位点类型丰富且具备良好的多态性潜能,可为种质资源评价、群体遗传学及分子育种研究提供有效的标记资源。

姬松茸新品种“中菌姬松茸1号”的基因组Survey分析

为了深入开展姬松茸子实体发育、重金属富集等遗传机制的研究,为姬松茸基因组的遗传精细图谱、分子育种等研究奠定基础,采用第二代高通量测序技术对姬松茸新品种“中菌姬松茸1号”开展全基因组Survey分析。结果表明,姬松茸新品种“中菌姬松茸1号”的基因组大小约为46.59 Mb,测序深度为69×,杂合率为1.37%,(G+C)含量为46.87%,重复序列比例为24.46%;基因组初步组装后,得到20342条重叠序列(Scaffold),Scaffold N50为4.29 Kb。

重症颅脑外伤患者镇静镇痛中应用咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼对其RASS评分的影响分析

目的研究重症颅脑外伤患者镇静镇痛中应用咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼对其RASS评分的影响。方法以2019年2月—2022年10月江苏省苏州市相城人民医院诊治的83例重症颅脑外伤患者为研究对象,选择随机数表法分组,对照组(n=41)采用咪达唑仑及布托啡诺镇静,联用组(n=42)采用咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼镇静。对比分析两组患者的平均动脉压、血氧饱和度、心率、RASS评分、神经功能、并发症等数据。结果用药前两组患者生命体征各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);用药后,联用组MAP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联用组SaO_(2)水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联用组HR水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联用组停药后RASS评分(0.89±0.12)分低于对照组(1.01±0.24)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.891,P=0.004)。联用组镇静起效时间短于对照组,GCS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联用组镇静后并发症短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.650,P=0.031)。结论在为重症颅脑外伤患者进行镇静镇痛时,选择咪达唑仑以及瑞芬太尼进行镇静,能够有效稳定患者状态,使患者各项生命体征更加稳定,RASS评分更低,更好地避免神经功能受到损伤,缩短镇静所需时间,并发症发生数量更少。

基于Survey分析的濒危植物四合木基因组研究

评价濒危植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)基因组的大小及复杂程度,开展基因组研究可揭示四合木的超旱生机制,进一步挖掘其特色基因资源。为更好破解四合木的全基因组信息,采用第二代高通量测序技术的基因组Survey分析技术开展四合木基因组大小估测研究,并利用生物信息学方法估计了四合木杂合率、重复序列和GC含量等基因组信息。结果表明:四合木基因组大小为1 079.25 Mb,修正后的基因组大小为1 065.84Mb,杂合率为0.76%,重复序列比例为75.25%,GC含量为33.57%。在经过四合木基因组初步组装后,获得3502 126条contigs,总计682 Mb,其N50为187 bp,推测四合木基因组属于同源四倍体复杂基因组,全基因组测序组装难度较大。由于四合木的高杂合率,后续可采用第三代高通量测序技术(单分子测序)同时结合染色质区域捕获技术,有望最终获得高质量的四合木全基因图谱。

Combination of genetic analysis and ancient literature survey reveals the diverge nee of traditional Brassica rapa varieties from Kyoto, Japan

Since ancient times,humans have bred several plants that we rely on today.However,little is known about the divergence of most of these plants.In the present study,we investigated the divergence of Mibuna(Brassica rapa L.subsp.nipposinica L.H.Bailey),a traditional leafy vegetable in Kyoto(Japan),by combining genetic analysis and a survey of ancient literature.Mibuna is considered to have been bred 200 years ago from Mizuna,another traditional leafy vegetable in Kyoto.Mibuna has simple spatulate leaves,whereas Mizuna has characteristic serrated leaves.The quantitative trait loci(QTL)and gene expression analyses suggested that the downregulation of BrTCP15 expression contributed to the change in the leaf shape from serrated to simple spatulate.Interestingly,the SNP analysis indicated that the genomic region containing the BrTCP15 locus was transferred to Mibuna by introgression.Furthermore,we conducted a survey of ancient literature to reveal the divergence of Mibuna and found that hybridization between Mizuna and a simple-leaved turnip might have occurred in the past.Indeed,the genomic analysis of multiple turnip cultivars showed that one of the cultivars,Murasakihime,has almost the same sequence in the BrTCP15 region as Mibuna.These results suggest that the hybridization between Mizuna and turnip has resulted in the establishment of Mibuna.

Survey Solution电子问卷调查系统应用与展望

在数据急剧增长的信息时代,网络技术的快速发展给传统问卷调查带来新挑战。电子问卷调查系统崭露头角,其被广泛应用到多个领域。本文以世界银行开发的Survey Solution电子问卷调查系统为例,全面介绍Survey Solution电子问卷调查系统特点,系统组件和功能,数据质量控制和核查方法,探讨Survey Solution系统的应用价值和使用建议。Survey Solution系统具有获取各种数据、严格调查数据质量、支持多种调查模式、安全且灵活的特点。Survey Solution系统主要组件包含总部系统(Headquarter)、问卷设计器(Designer)、调查软件(Interviewer)、主管(Supervisor),不同组件间协同工作,分别负责和实现不同的任务和功能,为数据收集和调查提供全面的支持。Survey Solution系统具有高质量数据收集、多样性的数据收集方式、实时数据监控和管理以及定制化数据处理和报告等应用价值。在使用Survey Solution系统时,要详细规划调查任务、培训调查员和主管、定期备份数据、使用数据分析工具以及及时解决问题,利用好Survey Solution提供一系列资源,最大程度地提高调查效率和数据质量。

LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of binarity and exotic star(LAMOST-MRS-B):Observation strategy and target selection

LAMOST-MRS-B is one of the sub-surveys of LAMOST medium-resolution(R~7500)spectroscopic survey.It aims at studying the statistical properties(e.g.,binary fraction,orbital period distribution,mass ratio distribution)of binary stars and exotic stars.We intend to observe about 30000 stars(10 mag≤G<14.5 mag)with at least 10 visits in five years.We first planned to observe 25 plates around the galactic plane in 2018.Then the plates were reduced to 12 in 2019 because of the limitation of observation.At the same time,two new plates located at the high galactic latitude were added to explore binary properties influenced by the different environments.In this survey project,we set the identified exotic and low-metallicity stars with the highest observation priorities.For the rest of the selected stars,we gave the higher priority to the relatively brighter stars in order to obtain high quality spectra as many as possible.Spectra of49129 stars have been obtained in LAMOST-MRS-B field and released in DR8,of which 28828 and 3375 stars have been visited more than twice and ten times with SNR≥10,respectively.Most of the sources are B-,A-,and F-type stars with-0.6<[Fe/H]<0.4 dex.We also obtain 347 identified variable and exotic stars and about 250 stars with[Fe/H]<-1 dex.We measure radial velocities(RVs)by using 892233 spectra of the stars.The uncertainties of RV achieve about 1 km·s^(-1)and 10 km·s^(-1)for 95%of late-and early-type stars,respectively.The datasets presented in this paper are available at http://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00035.