Analysis of GPS Technology in Surveying and Mapping Engineering Technology

With the rapid advancement of digital and information technology,global positioning system(GPS)technology has seen increasing utilization in surveying and mapping engineering,extending its application across land,ocean,and various other domains.By analyzing the technical means of GPS in surveying and mapping engineering,understanding the characteristics and key technologies in different application environments,and exploring the application process and key technical means,accurate control can be effectively realized.Based on this,this paper mainly analyzes the specific application of GPS technology in surveying and mapping engineering technology for reference.

From Digitalized to Intelligentized Surveying and Mapping: Fundamental Issues and Research Agenda

Nowadays Surveying and Mapping(S&M)production and services are facing some serious challenges such as real-timization of data acquisition,automation of information processing,and intellectualization of service applications.The main reason is that current digitalized S&M technologies,which involve complex algorithms and models as the core,are incapable of completely describing and representing the diverse,multi-dimensional and dynamic real world,as well as addressing high-dimensional and nonlinear spatial problems using simple algorithms and models.In order to address these challenges,it is necessary to explore the use of natural intelligence in S&M,and to develop intelligentized S&M technologies,which are knowledge-guided and algorithm-based.This paper first discusses the basic concepts and ideas of intelligentized S&M,and then analyzes and defines its fundamental issues in the analysis and modeling of natural intelligence in S&M,the construction and realization of hybrid intelligent computing paradigm,and the mechanism and path of empowering production.Further research directions are then proposed in the four areas,including knowledge systems,technologies and methodologies,application systems,and instruments and equipments of intelligentized S&M.Finally,some institutional issues related to promoting scientific research and engineering applications in this area are discussed.

The Comparison of Several 3D Digital Techniques Applied in Rockery Surveying and Mapping:A Case Study of North China University of Technology

By summarizing research status of traditional garden,the obstacles and difficulties of garden rockery research are analyzed,and the breakthroughs and advantages of 3D digital technique in garden rockery surveying and mapping are introduced.The rockery in North China University of Technology is taken as the research object.Using many kinds of digital 3D techniques,3D scanning and modeling analysis of the rockery are conducted.Modeling result and accuracy of each technique are analyzed,and application prospect of 3D digital technique in rockery research of classical garden is explored.

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE FIELDS OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING

The technique of aerial photography has been used in the surveying and Mapping for more than fifty years. Along with the development of space technolongy, the satellite images are more and more widely applied to solve the survey problems. Recent years, the surveying and mapping community has conducted more deeply investigation into the remote sensing and carried out extensive applications.

Design and Realization of MapSUV Rural Land Surveying Palm Mapping System

The original surveying tools and methods are backward and low efficient and they will also generate lots of errors in the National secondary land surveying. MapSUV rural land surveying palm mapping system (MapSUV palm mapping system) based on 3S techniques, combines MapGIS rural land surveying database management system. It supports the spatial location information collection and attributes data entry. By combining with GPS receiver, it ensures high accuracy in small volume, which greatly facilitates land surveying. This paper main researched system structure, function module design and key techniques. It introduced the practical process of map spot attribute checking and map spot boundary. Then it gave the application assessment. The results shows that this system greatly improves the work efficiency of outdoor surveying and shorten the time of land surveying, database build and updating.

CONGRATULATIONS ON THE JOURNAL CHANGED THE NAME OF《SURVEYING AND MAPPING》AS《ENGINEERING OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING》

The journal has been changed the name of《Surveytng And Mapping》,as《Engineering of Sur-veying And Mapping》from this issue.The jounal is a quarterly publication for surveying and map-ping science and technology sponsored by Harbin Institute of Engineering(former Harbin Instituteof Surveyting and Mapping).The purpose of the journal is to present national and international newtheoris,techniques and methods,to exchange achievements and experience about the scientific re-search,teaching,technique reform and production management,to report national and internation-al development,seminar and technique lessons,and introduce famous scholars and books in survey-ing and mapping circles.The journal has enjoyed the support and favorable comment of nationalreaders of surveying and mapping circles.

Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in the Teaching Practice of Surveying and Mapping of Ancient Buildings

Based on the study of the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in ancient building surveying and mapping,this paper briefly describes the working principle and flow of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.Based on the practical application,this paper puts forward the discussion of related problems and matters needing attention.This has a certain reference significance for the study of new technology in surveying and mapping of ancient buildings.

Exploration on the Teaching Method for Surveying and Mapping Practice in Ancient Architecture

Since the introduction of the architecture course,the practice of surveying and mapping of ancient architecture has always been an important compulsory course in the professional course of architecture in colleges and universities in China. Against the background of the new era,the teaching methods used so far can no longer fully meet the needs of the development of the times and the construction of " Double FirstClass" initiative. This paper explores deeply from the aspects of organizational planning,technical support and achievement transformation,in order to enrich the teaching methods for ancient architecture surveying and mapping practice course in architecture major,and finally improve the teaching level and improve the teaching effect.

Progress and prospects in Chinese Antarctic surveying, mapping and remote sensing studies

Antarctic surveying, mapping and remote sensing is one of the important aspects of the Chinese Antarctic geoscience research program that stretch back over 25 years, since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHINARE） in 1984. During the 1980＇s, the geodetic datum, height system and absolute gravity datum were established at the Great Wall and Zhongshan Stations. Significant contributions have been made by the construction of the Chinese Great Wall, Zhongshan and Kunlun Stations in Antarctica. Geodetic control and gravity networks were established in the King George Islands, Grove Moun- tains and Dome Argus. An area of more than 200 000 km2 has been mapped using satellite image data, aerial photogrammetry and in situ data. Permanent GPS stations and tide gauges have been established at both the Great Wall and Zhongshan Stations. Studies involving plate motion, precise satellite orbit determination, the gravity field, sea level change, and various GPS applications for atmospheric studies have been carried out. Based on remote sensing techniques, studies have been undertaken on ice sheet and glacier movements, the distributions of blue ice and ice crevasses, and ice mass balance. Polar digital and visual mapping tech- niques have been introduced, and a polar survey space database has been built. The Chinese polar scientific expedition manage- ment information system and Chinese PANDA plan display platform were developed, which provides technical support for Chi- nese polar management. Finally, this paper examines prospects for future Chinese Antarctic surveying, mapping and remote sens- ing.

Research on Key Technologies of Precise InSAR Surveying and Mapping Applications Using Automatic SAR Imaging

Precise interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a new intelligent photogrammetric technology that uses automatic imaging and processing means. Precise InSAR has become the most efficient satellite surveying and mapping (SASM) method that uses the interferometric phase to create a global digital elevation model (DEM) with high precision. In this paper, we propose the application of systematic InSAR technologies to SASM. Three key technologies are proposed: calibration technology, data processing technology and post-processing technology. First, we need to calibrate the geometric and interferometric parameters including the azimuth time delay, range time delay, and atmospheric delay, as well as baseline errors. Second, we use the calibrated parameters to create a precise DEM. One of the important procedures in data processing is the determination of phase ambiguities. Finally, we improve the DEM quality through the joint use of the block adjustment method, long and short baseline combination method and descending and ascending data merge method. We use 6 sets of TanDEM-X data covering Shanxi to conduct the experiment. The root mean square error of the final DEM is 5.07 m in the mountainous regions. In addition, the low coherence area is 0.8 km 2. The result meets the China domestic SASM accuracy standard at both the 1∶50 000 and 1∶25 000 measurement scales.

Discussion on Application of 3S Technologies in Cadastral Surveying and Mapping

In order to explore the application of 3S technologies in modern urban cadastral surveying and mapping,we analyzed the equipment composition of the global positioning system,the advantages of GPS surveying and mapping technology,and the main functions of RS and GIS technologies.GPS technology can improve the accuracy of boundary points of surveying and mapping areas,thereby improving the efficiency of surveying and mapping work and the accuracy of surveying and mapping information;remote sensing surveying and mapping technology has a large observation range and observation space,and RS technology can be used to collect data in remote mountainous areas to reduce the cost of manpower and material resources in surveying and mapping work;and GIS technology provides important data support for land planning and ownership definition.3S technologies optimize and streamline the surveying and mapping process with their own advantages,making the cadastral surveying and mapping work more scientific and efficient.

Analysis of the development of Surveying and mapping technology in coal mine production research and Application

Coral measure is a very important link in the process of mine development and production .The measurement provide basis for mine development and production. The accuracy of the measurement will directly affect the safety of coal production. The essay will elaborates the significance of coral measure and tells some new teclmology used for coral measure, and put forward to the ways of some common measurement problems. Finally, it discusses on how to improve the quality of coal measure.

ON THE UNIVALENCE OF CERTAIN POLYHARMONIC MAPPINGS WITH BOUNDED LENGTH DISTORTIONS

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the univalence of normalized polyharmonic mappings with bounded length distortions in the unit disk.We first establish the coefficient estimates for polyharmonic mappings with bounded length distortions.Then,using these results,we establish five Landau-type theorems for subclasses of polyharmonic mappings F and L(F),where F has bounded length distortion and L is a differential operator.

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using RBFN-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Models

This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.

磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术在膝关节早期软骨退变早期诊断中的评估价值

目的探讨磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术在膝关节早期软骨退变早期诊断中的评估价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年11月在我院治疗的110例膝关节早期软骨退变患者(观察组),按照疾病严重程度分为轻度退变组及重度退变组,另选取同期在我院进行体检的64例健康者为对照组,受试者均行磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术扫描,测量受试者T2值及T1ρ值,探讨磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术在膝关节早期软骨退变早期诊断中的评估价值。结果观察组股骨外侧面、股骨内侧面、胫骨外侧面、胫骨内侧面、髋骨面T2值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),重度退变亚组患者股骨外侧面、股骨内侧面、胫骨外侧面、胫骨内侧面、髋骨面T2值显著高于轻度退变者(P<0.05);观察组股骨内踝负重区、股骨内踝非负重区、股骨外踝负重区、股骨外踝非负重区、胫骨外侧平台区、胫骨内侧平台区、髌后软骨区磁共振T1ρ值明显高于对照组(P<0.05),重度退变亚组患者股骨内踝负重区、股骨内踝非负重区、股骨外踝负重区、股骨外踝非负重区、胫骨外侧平台区、胫骨内侧平台区、髌后软骨区磁共振T1ρ值明显高于轻度退变亚组患者(P<0.05);磁共振T1rho序列在膝关节早期软骨退变中早期诊断及严重程度评估中的的诊断ROC值及特异度明显高于T2 mapping技术(P<0.05),但后者具有更高的敏感度(P<0.05)。结论磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术均能有效反映膝关节早期软骨退变中软骨组织学成分变化情况,还可为膝关节软骨退变严重程度评估提供客观依据,二者具有一定互补价值。

MR T2^(*)mapping成像技术定量评价腰椎小关节炎软骨损伤

背景:腰椎小关节炎是引起下腰痛的一个主要原因,目前主要依靠MRI进行初步定性诊断,但仍有一定漏诊、误诊的概率发生,因此MR T2^(*)mapping成像技术有望成为定量检查腰椎小关节炎软骨损伤的重要检测手段。目的:探讨MR T2^(*)mapping成像技术在定量分析腰椎小关节炎软骨损伤退变中的应用价值。方法:收集南京医科大学第四附属医院2020年4月至2022年3月门诊或住院合并下腰痛共110例患者,设为病例组;同时招募无症状志愿者80例,设为对照组。对所有纳入对象L1-S1的小关节行3.0 T MR扫描,获取T2^(*)mapping横断位图像和T2WI图像,分别对所有小关节软骨进行Weishaupt分级及T2^(*)值测量,收集数据并行统计学分析。不同小关节Weishaupt分级之间小关节软骨T2^(*)值比较采用单因素方差分析。结果与结论:①经统计分析发现,病例组腰椎小关节软骨T2^(*)值(17.6±1.5)ms明显较对照组(21.4±1.3)ms降低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);②在病例组中,随着腰椎小关节Weishaupt分级增加,小关节软骨T2^(*)值也呈逐渐下降趋势,且这种差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③提示T2^(*)mapping能够较好地显示腰椎小关节软骨损伤的早期病理变化,腰椎小关节软骨的T2^(*)值能够定量评估腰椎小关节的软骨损伤程度;T2^(*)mapping成像技术能为影像学诊断腰椎小关节炎软骨早期损伤提供很好的理论依据,具有重要的临床应用价值。

ESTIMATE ON THE BLOCH CONSTANT FOR CERTAIN HARMONIC MAPPINGS UNDER A DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR

In this paper,we first obtain the precise values of the univalent radius and the Bloch constant for harmonic mappings of the formL(f)=zfz-zfz,where f represents normalized harmonic mappings with bounded dilation.Then,using these results,we present better estimations for the Bloch constants of certain harmonic mappings L(f),where f is a K-quasiregular harmonic or open harmonic.Finally,we establish three versions of BlochLandau type theorem for biharmonic mappings of the form L(f).These results are sharp in some given cases and improve the related results of earlier authors.

ON THE CONVERGENCE PROBLEMS OF ISHIKAWA AND MANN ITERATIVE PROCESSES WITH ERROR FOR Φ-PSEUDO CONTRACTIVE TYPE MAPPINGS

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of Φ_pseudo contractive type mapping and to study the convergence problem of Ishikawa and Mann iterative processes with error for this kind of mappings. The results presented in this paper improve and extend many authors'recent results.

传统武术套路训练对大学生武术运动员膝关节软骨影响的T2-mapping功能磁共振成像研究

目的:本研究旨在通过T2-mapping功能磁共振影像学技术对大学生武术运动员膝关节软骨进行定量评估,探究传统武术套路训练对大学生武术运动员膝关节软骨的影响。方法:选取9名年龄介于18~25岁之间的大学生武术运动员作为实验组,同时选取18名普通健康的大学生作为对照组。在相同条件下,对两组分别进行右膝关节的T2-mapping磁共振检查,并将膝关节软骨分为股骨内侧髁、胫骨内侧髁、髌软骨、股骨外侧髁及胫骨外侧髁5个感兴趣区,比较实验组与对照组之间T2值的差异,分析各组膝关节软骨不同感兴趣区T2值的变化。结果:(1)不论性别,实验组和对照组各个膝关节面软骨感兴趣区的T2值均未见显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)男性对照组、女性对照组以及女性实验组的膝关节各感兴趣区T2值两两之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);(3)男性实验组膝关节股骨外侧髁与胫骨内侧髁、髌软骨的T2值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:T2-mapping技术可通过无创手段定量评估传统武术套路训练对大学生膝关节软骨的影响。在长期传统武术套路训练后,男性大学生武术运动员的膝关节出现了异质性改变,因此在训练过程中应该注意调整方案,以实现针对性保护。

DWI联合T2 mapping序列鉴别前列腺癌与前列腺增生价值评估

目的探讨扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)联合T2 mapping序列鉴别前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)与前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析本院行3.0 T MRI检查且经病理证实的56例PCa患者及40例BPH患者资料。扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、DWI及T2 mapping序列。两名观察者分别测量两组病灶的表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值及T2值。采用组内相关系数(intra-class correlation coefficient,ICC)评估两名观察者测得参数值的一致性。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验分析两组病例间ADC值及T2值的差异。Logistic回归用于分析差异具有统计学意义的参数及其与基线资料联合的诊断模型。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估有差异参数及联合模型的诊断效能。采用DeLong检验比较ROC曲线下面积差异。采用Spearman相关系数分析ADC值与T2值相关性。结果两名观察者测量值一致性好(ICC>0.75)。PCa组的ADC值及T2值分别低于BPH组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ADC值、T2值、ADC-T2及ADC-T2-年龄-总前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate specific antigen,TPSA)联合鉴别PCa与BPH的AUC值分别为0.843、0.830、0.896及0.927。DeLong检验显示ADC值与ADC-T2联合,ADC值、T2值、ADC-T2模型与ADC-T2-年龄-TPSA联合模型的ROC差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。ADC值与T2值呈正相关(r=0.331,P<0.01)。结论DWI及T2 mapping序列在鉴别PCa与BPH方面具有较好的价值,并且两序列联合临床指标时诊断效能提升,可为临床无创诊断PCa及BPH提供很好的指导意义。