Dedicated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences:Contribution in the Diagnosis of Focal Epilepsy in the Lebanese Population

There have been many advances in the diagnosis and management of focal epilepsies particularly with neuroimaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Special MRI sequences can be employed to localize and resect the epileptogenic lesions responsible for focal epilepsy.This study aims to show the benefit of dedicated epilepsy MRI sequences in the diagnosis of focal epilepsies.A general electric 1.5 Tesla MRI machine was used with standard and special sequences.Also,a Nihon Kohden electroencephalography(EEG)machine was used.This is a prospective observational study that included 51 patients with focal epilepsies who had an initial negative brain imaging.They underwent epilepsy MRI sequences along with a prolonged video EEG monitoring to localize the lesion,and then results were analyzed statistically using SPSS 22 program.The majority of patients were males(62.75%)with a mean age of 30 years.The grand majority of patients(74.5%,p value of 0.001)had their lesion localized by the epilepsy MRI.The most commonly found pathology was mesial temporal sclerosis.A significant number of patients(23.5%)were sent for an epilepsy surgery(p value 0.002).This study shows the significant impact of dedicated epilepsy MRI sequences on the diagnosis and management of focal epilepsy in the Lebanese population.

Magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with phase-cycled and short T1 inversion recovery pulse sequence for evaluating brachial plexus injury

There is a large amount of fat in the postganglionic segment of the brachial plexus nerve.The use of short T1 inversion recovery pulse sequence may improve signal strength of the brachial plexus postganglionic segment.The present study revealed that the combination of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with phase-cycled and short T1 inversion recovery pulse sequence clearly displayed the anatomical morphology and structure of the brachial plexus nerve,together with maximum intensity projection,volume rendering and other three-dimensional reconstruction techniques.Our results suggested that this method is also suitable for providing accurate assessment and diagnosis of the site,severity and scope of brachial plexus injury.

Apert syndrome diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound combined with magnetic resonance imaging and whole exome sequencing:A case report

BACKGROUND Most cases of Apert syndrome(AS)are found after birth.Cases of AS diagnosed by ultrasound combined with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and whole exome sequencing(WES)during pregnancy are rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 34-year old female patient(gravida 2,para 1)whose fetus was diagnosed with AS during pregnancy.Fetal ultrasound performed at 30,2/7 wk of pregnancy showed abnormalities.MRI and three-dimensional ultrasound performed at 31,1/7 wk of pregnancy showed the possibility of AS.Chromosome examination and core family WES were conducted at 31,5/7 wk of pregnancy.The results showed that FGFR2 in the fetus had a c.755C>G missense mutation in its nucleotide,and AS was confirmed.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of imaging examinations.Prenatal ultrasound combined with MRI can identify fetal morphological abnormalities accurately,which can be confirmed by WES.

In vivo tracking of human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion by magnetic resonance imaging

Ferumoxytol, an iron replacement product, is a new type of superparamagnetic iron oxide ap- proved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we assessed the feasibility of tracking transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in middle cerebral artery occlusion-injured rats by 3.0 T MRI in vivo. 1 × 104 human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurologic impairment was scored at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. T2-weighted imaging and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography were used to observe transplanted cells. Results of imaging tests were compared with results of Prussian blue staining. The modified neurologic impairment scores were significantly lower in rats transplanted with cells at all time points except I day post-transplantation compared with rats without transplantation. Regions with hypointense signals on T2-weighted and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography images corresponded with areas stained by Prussian blue, suggesting the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles within the engrafted cells. Enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography image exhibited better sensitivity and contrast in tracing ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine-labeled human adipose-derived stem ceils compared with T2-weighted imaging in routine MRI.

A Prediction Model for Detecting Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Based on Clinical Factors and Imaging Markers of the Optic Nerve and Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Optic Nerve Sheath

Objective This study aimed to develop and test a model for predicting dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)based on clinical factors and imaging markers of the optic nerve and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in the optic nerve sheath.Methods This retrospective study included patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)without DON and patients with TAO accompanied by DON at our hospital.The imaging markers of the optic nerve and CSF in the optic nerve sheath were measured on the water-fat images of each patient and,together with clinical factors,were screened by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.Subsequently,we constructed a prediction model using multivariate logistic regression.The accuracy of the model was verified using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results In total,80 orbits from 44 DON patients and 90 orbits from 45 TAO patients were included in our study.Two variables(optic nerve subarachnoid space and the volume of the CSF in the optic nerve sheath)were found to be independent predictive factors and were included in the prediction model.In the development cohort,the mean area under the curve(AUC)was 0.994,with a sensitivity of 0.944,specificity of 0.967,and accuracy of 0.901.Moreover,in the validation cohort,the AUC was 0.960,the sensitivity was 0.889,the specificity was 0.893,and the accuracy was 0.890.Conclusions A combined model was developed using imaging data of the optic nerve and CSF in the optic nerve sheath,serving as a noninvasive potential tool to predict DON.

Signal Alteration of Substantia Nigra on 3.0T Susceptibility-weighted Imaging in Parkinson's Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism

Recent researches have found that 7 Tesla SWI can detect the alteration of substantia nigra hyperintensity in Parkinson's disease(PD),multiple system atrophy(MSA),and progressive supranuclear palsy(PSP).The aim of this study was to investigate whether 3 Tesla SWI(3T SWI)can visualize anatomical alterations occurring in a hyperintense structure of the substantia nigra in PD and vascular parkinsonism(VP),and whether the evaluation of abnormal signal can be used as a factor in the differential diagnosis of PD and VP.Using 3 Tesla MRI,we evaluated 38 healthy subjects,33 patients with PD and 34 patients with VP.Two blinded readers independently assessed the images.We found that the dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity was absent in 31 of 33 patients with PD and 15 of 34 patients with VP.The dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity was present in 19 of 34 patients with VP and 35 of 38 healthy controls.Group comparisons of absence of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity revealed significant differences between the patients with PD and those with VP(P<0.001).The sensitivity of SWI for PD was 93.9%and the specificity was 92.1%.Visual assessment of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on high-field SWI scans may serve as a new simple diagnostic imaging marker for PD.And our study results indicate that 3T SWI can be used as a tool to identify PD and VP.

Cerebral Microbleeds Identified by Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in Two Cases of Fabry Disease without Neurological Symptoms

Cerebrovascular disease is one of the fatal causes of Fabry disease (FD). Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings typically show lacunar infarcts in young patients with FD, but brain hemorrhages in FD are rarely reported. We report two cases of FD focusing on cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and T2*-weighted imaging reveal several lobar and deep CMBs in two patients with no medical history of stroke symptoms, hypertension, and anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment. SWI can detect a greater number of CMBs than T2*-weighted imaging. Thus, SWI is an excellent tool for identifying underlying CMBs in FD.

Three-dimensional-fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition and T2-weighted fast spin-echo magnetic resonance sequences on visualization of cranial nerves Ⅲ-Ⅻ

Because of the small diameter and complex anatomic course of the cranial nerves except for the optic nerve, trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, and cochlear and vestibular nerve, other cranial nerves are difficult to be visualized in magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） scanning with conventional thickness （5-10 mm）. With the rapid development of MRI technology high spatial resolution, three-dimensional and two-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging technologies have been used in recent years in the observation of normal and abnormal cranial nerves, including three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state （3D CISS） sequence, three- dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo （3D MP-RAGE） sequence, three-dimensional fast inflow with steady-state precession （3D FISP） seohuence, and some fast spin-echo （FSE） sequences. - Threedimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition （3D-FIESTA） is a fast three-dimensional steady-state imaging sequence with high spatial resolution and contrast between the organizational structures. And this sequence was reportedly used in the study on the diseases in the cerebellopontine angle; inner ear and posterior fossa tumors.7＇8 However, the reports about the value of 3D-FIESTA sequence for the visualization of normal cranial nerves are still rare.

Detecting prostate cancer and prostatic calcifications using advanced magnetic resonance imaging

Prostate cancer and prostatic calcifications have a high incidence in elderly men. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic capabilities of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting prostate cancer and prostatic calcifications. A total number of 156 men, including 34 with prostate cancer and 122 with benign prostate were enrolled in this study. Computed tomography, conventional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and susceptibility-weighted imaging were performed on all the patients. One hundred and twelve prostatic calcifications were detected in 87 patients. The sensitivities and specificities of the conventional magnetic resonance imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, and susceptibility-filtered phase images in detecting prostate cancer and prostatic calcifications were calculated. McNemar＇s Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in sensitivities and specificities between the techniques. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of susceptibility-filtered phase images in detecting prostatic cancer were greater than that of conventional magnetic resonance imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of susceptibility-filtered phase images in detecting prostatic calcifications were comparable to that of computed tomography and greater than that of conventional magnetic resonance imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient （P 〈 0.05）. Given the high incidence of susceptibility-weighted imaging （SWl） abnormality in prostate cancer, we conclude that susceptibility-weighted imaging is more sensitive and specific than conventional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and computed tomography in detecting prostate cancer. Furthermore, susceptibility-weighted imaging can identify prostatic calcifications similar to computed tomography, and it is much better than conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging.

Imaging mechanical shear waves induced by piezoelectric ceramics in magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive technique to measure elas-ticity of tissues in vivo. In this paper, a mechanical shear wave MR imaging system experiment is set for MRE. A novel actuator is proposed to generate me-chanical shear waves propagating inside a gel phantom. The actuator is made of piezoelectric ce-ramics, and fixed on a plexiglass bracket. Both of the gel phantom and the actuator are put into a head coil inside the MR scanner’s bore. The actuator works synchronously with an MR imaging sequence running on the MR scanner. The sequence is modified from a FLASH sequence into a motion-sensitizing phase- contrast sequence for shear wave MR imaging. Shear wave images are presented, and these effects on the shear wave MR imaging system, including the stiffness of phantoms, the frequency of the actuator, the parameters of the motion-sensitizing gradient, and the oscillation of the patient bed, are discussed.

Optimization of magnetic resonance sequences in lymph node staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background Detection rate of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） needs to be improved. The purpose of this study was to compare three magnetic resonance （MR） sequences for detecting lymph nodes in patients with NPC. Methods Between July 2007 and March 2008, MR staging of pre-treated tumor was conducted on 120 patients with pathologically confirmed NPC. The outcome of three different sequences for MR NPC staging were compared： coronal short T1 inversion recovery （STIR）, axial proton density fat-suppressed （PDWI fs）, and coronal contrast enhanced fast spin echo T1 weighted fat-suppressed （CE FSE TlWl fs）. Nodal classification method （1999） was applied to count the number of retropharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes discovered by each MR sequence. Paired t tests were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 2575 lymph nodes were found using coronal STIR sequence; 1816 lymph nodes for coronal CE FSE TIWI fs sequence and 2638 lymph nodes for axial PDWl fs sequence. Significant differences existed in the number of lymph nodes detected by axial PDWI fs and coronal CE FSE T1WI fs sequence （paired t test, P 〈0.05）, with the former sequence getting higher numbers. Statistical differences also existed between coronal STIR and coronal CE FSE TlWl fs sequence （paired ttest, P 〈0.05）, with the former sequence getting higher numbers. No significant difference was found between coronal STIR sequence and axial PDWI fs sequence （paired ttest, P 〉0.05）. Conclusions For the detection of retropharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes, coronal STIR sequence and axial PDWI fs sequence have similar performance and both sequences showed better detection than CE FSE TIWI fs sequence. Furthermore, by combining coronal STIR sequence and axial PDWI fs sequence, we can improve the detection of lymph nodes in NPC N-staging before treatment, especially for lymph nodes located in the thoracic entrance.

Lesion contrast differences in MRI sequences in multiple sclerosis: Correlation to clinical disability

The purpose of this study was to analyze the lesion brightness (image contrast) in multiple MRI sequences in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS);and to correlate the lesion contrast with lesion volumes and neurological disability. MRI ex- amination at 1.5 T was performed on 80 patients with RRMS, SPMS, PPMS, or CIS. The protocol included T1- and T2-weighted spin echo (SE), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted SE with magnetization transfer preparation, and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Contrast was measured between MS lesions and normal appearing white matter. Lesion volume was calculated in T1-weighted- and FLAIR-images. All patients were examined neurologically including evaluation of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score. Lesion contrast correlated with total brain lesion volume (p = 0.000 - 0.040). In patients with low EDSS, three sequences were able to differentiate between CIS and RRMS. SPMS and PPMS were separated by DWI. Lesion contrast correlated with EDSS score on T1-weighted imaging, with or without magnetization transfer preparation. Patient age correlated with lesion contrasts. Contrast measurements seem limited in radiological and clinical diagnosis of MS in reference to disease course, its activity and progression. The differentiation between MS subgroups might improve at 3 T and could help in leading to earlier treatment of the disease.

A Pilot Study on the Application of FFE and SSh-TSE Sequences in Ocular MRI

Purpose:To preliminarily investigate the application value of rapid sequences FFE and SSh-TSE in ocular magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Methods:Ocular MRI was performed in 18 subjects without ocular conditions,and demonstration of 15 delicate anatomic structures on two sequences in each subject was rated by three proficient physicians.Results:FFE sequence was comparatively advantageous in demonstrating delicate structures on ocular wall and ocular adnexa(P<0.001) over SSh-TSE;while SSh-TSE sequence better revealed the delicate anatomy within anterior chamber(P<0.001) and optic nerve sheath(P<0.05),with statistically significant differences compared with FFE.Conclusion:Optimized FFE and SSh-TSE sequences are able to effectively eliminate the impact from motion artifact and thus result in desirable images with high spatial resolution.The application of high-resolution MR microscopic imaging technique has improved the ability to demonstrate delicate ocular structures.

高分辨率磁共振成像对臂丛神经损伤的预测价值

目的探析高分辨率磁共振(MRI)成像对臂丛神经损伤(brachial plexus injury,BPI)的预测价值。方法对59例临床拟诊BPI的病例行高分辨MRI检查。根据年龄,将年龄≥65岁者纳入老年组,18~64岁者纳入青中年组。观察两组臂丛神经显像效果,计算臂丛神经成像评分、臂丛神经信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)、对比度噪声比(contrast-to-noise ratio,CNR)和背景抑制评分,分析高分辨率MRI成像对不同年龄段BPI的预测价值。结果59例临床拟诊BPI病例中,MRI诊断为BPI 20例,其余正常。20例经MRI确诊BPI中,老年组7例和青中年组13例。老年组节前损伤2例(28.57%),节后损伤5例(71.43%);青中年组节前损伤5例(38.46%),节后损伤8例(61.54%)。两组病人臂丛神经成像评分由低到高依次为三维双回波稳态(3D-DESS)序列增强扫描、三维短时反转恢复快速自旋回波(3D SPACE)序列平扫、DESS序列平扫和SPACE序列增强扫描,且在干3、支5 DESS序列平扫、股6 DESS序列增强扫描及支5 SPACE序列增强扫描上,老年组臂丛神经成像评分明显低于青中年组(P<0.05)。两组SNR、CNR由低到高依次为DESS增强、SPACE平扫、DESS平扫和SPACE增强(P<0.05),两组背景组织抑制评分比较,SPACE增强最高,其次为DESS平扫,DESS增强和SPACE平扫最低(P<0.05)。老年组DESS序列增强扫描的SNR、CNR以及SPACE序列平扫、增强扫描的SNR、CNR均明显低于青中年组(P<0.05)。结论与青中年BPI病人相比,老年BPI病人臂丛神经成像评分、SNR与CNR更低,MRI 3D SPACE序列可清晰显示臂丛神经内部信号改变,同时降低神经周围背景组织信号干扰,对于显示神经损伤优势明显,值得临床优先选择。

心脏磁共振影像组学对肥厚型心肌病的价值研究

目的初步探索基于心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)影像组学揭示肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)患者心肌病变影像组学特征的临床应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析宁夏医科大学总医院2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日确诊为HCM的患者142例及健康对照组72例的CMR影像及临床资料。选择CMR未增强亮血电影序列左心室长轴位两腔心、四腔心二尖瓣口水平切面,以舒张末期壁厚(end-diastolic wall thickness,EDWT)为基础,将HCM患者心肌分为肥厚区域(无HCM家族史,EDWT≥15 mm;有HCM家族史,EDWT≥13 mm)与非肥厚区域(无HCM家族史,EDWT<15 mm;有HCM家族史,EDWT<13 mm),和健康对照组在室间隔、心尖、左心室侧壁、左心室前壁及左心室下壁等相同解剖部位室壁分别进行感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)勾画及影像组学特征提取,分组后行影像组学特征组间比较。采用Mann-Whitney U检验、递归特征消除法(recursive feature elimination,RFE)及最小绝对收缩与选择算法(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)进行影像组学特征筛选并使用支持向量机(supportvector machine,SVM)算法建立影像组学模型,最后计算准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(positive predictive value,PPV)、阴性预测值(negative predictive value,NPV)受试者操作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),分别评价各模型效能;并统计分析HCM患者及健康对照组临床资料。结果(1)HCM组的左心室收缩末期容积(left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV)、LVESV指数(LVESV index,LVESVI)、左心室舒张末期室壁质量(left ventricular end diastolic wall mass,LVED wall mass)、左心室舒张末期室壁+乳头肌质量(left ventricular end diastolic wall+papillary mass,LVED wall+papillary mass)、左心室收缩末期室壁质量(left ventricular end systolic wall mass,LVES wall mass)、左心室收缩末期室壁+乳头肌质量(left ventricular end systolic wall+papillary mass,LVES wall+papillary mass)、舒张末期左室壁最大厚度(left ventricular maximum wall thickness,LVMWT)均高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。(2)HCM患者肥厚区域、非肥厚区域与健康对照组左心室相同解剖部位室壁影像组学鉴别模型鉴别效果良好;HCM非肥厚区域组(左心室前壁)与HCM肥厚区域组(左心室前壁)影像组学鉴别模型为本研究的最优模型,其AUC值、准确度、敏感度、特异度、PPV及NPV在训练集中为0.98、93%、94%、92%、89%、96%;在测试集中为0.97、94%、92%、96%、92%、96%。结论影像组学可通过深入全面的定量分析HCM患者不同病变状态心肌组织,为评估HCM患者心肌组织学改变提供客观敏感的新方法,有助于更准确地评估HCM患者病情、提高CMR检查效率及减少检查费用,有望为探寻方便快捷检测心肌组织学状态的人工智能技术开发及临床应用提供新思路。

磁共振常规序列联合DWI序列用于肛瘘术前诊断准确性分析

目的 探讨磁共振(MRI)常规序列联合弥散加权成像(DWI)序列用于肛瘘术前诊断准确性分析。方法 选取本院2020年5月到2022年8月肛瘘患者78例,所有患者均接受MRI常规及DWI序列扫描,对比MRI-DWI、常规序列扫描对外口、内口、主瘘管、分支瘘管、脓腔检出率及肛瘘Parks分型准确率,通过受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估表观扩散系数(ADC值)对病灶活动度的评估价值。结果 手术病理证实的78例肛瘘患者中,分别检出外口192个、内口88个、主瘘管78个、分支瘘管156个、脓腔60个,MRI-DWI对外口、内口、主瘘管、分支瘘管、脓腔的检出率分别为86.98%、89.77%、 87.18%、80.13%、81.67%高于单纯MRI常规序到78.13%、73.86%、71.79%、67.31%、63.33%(P<0.05);78例肛瘘患者parks分型包括Ⅰ型30、Ⅱ型25例、Ⅲ型14例、Ⅳ型9例;MRI-DWI对肛瘘parks分型Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型的诊断与病理结果的一致性Kappa值分别为0.833、0.769、0.788、0.820,均>0.75,二者一致性均较好,MRI-DWI对肛瘘prks分型Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型诊断准确率分别为92.31%、87.74%、93.59%、96.15%均高于单纯MRI常规序列诊断准确率7.654%、74.36%、79.49%、88.46%,总体准确率为85.90%高于MRI常规序列58.97%(P<0.05);78例患者肛瘘病灶活动度包括活动期29例,缓解期49例,缓解期患者ADC值高于活动期患者(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示ADC值评价肛瘘病变活动性曲线下面积0.908,灵敏度82.80%,特异度85.70%。结论 MRI-DWI诊断肛瘘有较高应用价值,Parks分型准确,对疾病活动度的评估价值较高,可准确检测出肛瘘内口、外口、主瘘管、分支瘘管和脓腔等。

心脏磁共振短轴电影成像影像组学鉴别肥厚型心肌病与健康对照

目的·分析肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)患者与健康对照人群的心脏磁共振(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)短轴电影(cine)成像影像组学特征差异,并对2类人群进行分类。方法·纳入2018年1月—2021年12月就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心内科的HCM患者100例,以2∶1比例随机选取同时期健康对照(healthy control,HC)50例,在放射科医师规范操作下完成CMR检查。通过CVI 42后处理软件完成对入组人员左心室心功能及形态学的测量与评估,主要包括左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、舒张末期左心室容积(left ventricular end-diastolic volume,LVEDV)和舒张末期左心室心肌质量(left ventricular end-diastolic mass,LVEDM)。并从CMR短轴电影成像中获取舒张末期心肌区域3D影像组学特征。分析影像组学特征在2类人群中的分布,并构建机器学习模型对2类人群进行分类。结果·共提取3D影像组学特征107个。在排除高度一致的特征后采用最小绝对值收敛和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)模型进行5折交叉验证后,仍有11个系数非0的特征;利用K-best方法选择排序靠前的8个用于后续建模分析,其中4个特征在2组人群中差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。随后构建支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)和随机森林(random forest,RF)模型用于判别2类人群。结果显示:单一特征模型(一阶:熵)最大曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.833(95%CI 0.695~0.968);多特征模型(SVM算法)最高准确率为83.3%,其对应的AUC为0.882(95%CI 0.705~0.980)。结论·HCM患者与HC人群在左心室功能和左心室形态上均有显著差异,同时3D心肌影像组学特征也有显著差异。尽管单一特征模型可以鉴别2类人群,但联合多特征构建的模型有更好的分类效果。

钆对比剂剂量对增强T2 FLAIR序列与增强T1WI序列脑转移瘤强化效果的影响及对比研究

目的 对比不同剂量钆对比剂注射后增强液体衰减反转恢复(contrast enhanced T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery,CE-T2 FLAIR)序列与对比增强T1WI(contrast enhanced T1WI, CE-T1WI)上脑转移瘤的强化效果,探讨半剂量对比剂条件下CE-T2 FLAIR序列在脑转移瘤MRI检查的诊断价值。材料与方法 前瞻性纳入颅外原发恶性肿瘤经病理学明确诊断、脑转移瘤经病理或临床随访证实的患者30例,于3.0 T MRI设备行头颅MRI增强扫描,在常规平扫序列的基础上,行半剂量(0.05 mmol/kg)CE-T2 FLAIR和CE-T1WI扫描,随后分次补充钆对比剂达常规剂量(0.1 mmol/kg)后至双倍剂量(0.2 mmol/kg),在注射对比剂后均进行CE-T2 FLAIR和CE-T1WI扫描。由两位观察者对三次扫描的CE-T2 FLAIR和CE-T1WI图像进行客观测量。计算不同剂量条件下CE-T2 FLAIR和CE-T1WI图像的对比信噪比(contrast to noise ratio, CNR)、相对对比度(relative contrast, RC)及百分比增加(percentage increase, PI)。采用方差分析对客观测量结果进行组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)时进行后续多重比较;采用t检验比较两组之间的差异。结果 两位观察者客观评分一致性良好。三组对比剂剂量下CE-T2 FLAIR图像间CNR值与RC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与平扫T2 FLAIR相比,病灶PI增高,增强效果良好。三组对比剂剂量下CE-T1WI图像间CNR值与RC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较结果表明双倍剂量CE-T1WI图像上CNR值及RC值均明显大于半剂量组(P<0.05)。半剂量及常规剂量CE-T2 FLAIR图像CNR值及RC值上均较该组CE-T1WI明显增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。半剂量CE-T2 FLAIR图像CNR值及RC值均明显大于常规剂量CE-T1WI(P<0.05)。与双倍剂量CE-T1WI相比,半剂量CE-T2 FLAIR图像CNR值增大(P<0.05),RC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 半剂量对比剂下CE-T2FLAIR图像上脑转移瘤的强化效果与常规CE-T1WI相仿,病灶显示良好,为半剂量对比剂的CE-T2 FLAIR序列应用于脑转移瘤MRI检查提供依据。

骨质疏松椎体骨折磁共振STIR信号改变与CT骨折线类型的关系

目的探讨骨质疏松椎体骨折磁共振(MRI)-短反转时间反转恢复序列(STIR)信号改变与电子计算机断层扫描(CT)骨折线类型的关系。方法回顾性分析收治的108例骨质疏松椎体骨折患者临床资料以及MRI、CT影像学征象。比较不同MRI-STIR信号改变患者的CT骨折线类型及CT值。结果经MRI检查,入组患者骨折椎体数共121节,STIR序列呈现黑色线信号45节,无同源高信号36节,同源高信号40节;CT显示,骨折线嵌插型51节,开裂型33节,微骨折型37节。MRI-STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者椎体CT骨折线为嵌插型阳性率高于无同源高信号和同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MRI-STIR序列呈现同源高信号的患者椎体CT骨折线为微骨折型阳性率高于黑色线信号和无同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI-STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者椎体CT值低于无同源高信号和同源高信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MRI-STIR信号改变与CT骨折线类型存在一定相关性。STIR序列呈现黑色线信号的患者出现椎体嵌插型骨折风险更高,且预后较差。

IDEAL-IQ序列在乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值探究

目的 探讨非对称回波最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离序列(iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence, IDEAL-IQ)来源的R2^(*)值在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值,并与传统多回波T2^(*)梯度回波(gradient recalled echo, GRE)序列来源的R2^(*)值进行比较。材料与方法 回顾性分析2021年9月至2023年10月在中国医科大学附属第一医院连续收治的42名患者的50个良性肿瘤病灶,在本院影像归档和通信系统(picture archiving and communication systems, PACS)中使用倾向性评分匹配方法匹配肿瘤所在最大层面的最长径,按1∶3的比例纳入150名患者的150个恶性肿瘤病灶。将恶性肿瘤根据预后因子[雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR)以及人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER-2)]的阳性/阴性表达情况进行分组。所有患者均接受包含IDEAL-IQ和多回波T2*GRE序列的多参数MRI,测量以下定量参数:IDEAL-IQ序列R2^(*)值(R2^(*)IDEAL)、多回波T2*GRE序列R2^(*)值(R2^(*)GRE)、表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC)及肿瘤长径。根据原始资料类型的不同,分别利用单因素分析(独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验等方法)对比分析各参数的差异。采用Spearman相关性分析R2^(*)IDEAL与R2^(*)GRE及二者与ADC的相关性。采用配对样本t检验比较R2^(*)IDEAL与R2^(*)GRE的差异。采用logistic回归分析建立联合诊断模型,并使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分析单独及联合参数鉴别乳腺肿瘤良恶性的效能。结果 相关性分析显示乳腺肿瘤患者的R2^(*)IDEAL与R2^(*)GRE呈中度相关(r=0.763,P<0.001),二者与ADC值均呈负性弱相关[r=-0.300(R2^(*)IDEAL),-0.306(R2^(*)GRE),P<0.001]。良性组与恶性组中,R2^(*)IDEAL与R2^(*)GRE均呈中度相关(r=0.745、0.680,P<0.001),二者与ADC均无相关性。两种序列所得的R2^(*)值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。R2^(*)IDEAL在良恶性组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),管腔HER-2阴性型R2^(*)值最高。对于单一参数,ADC值鉴别良恶性的AUC最高(0.857);对于联合参数,R2^(*)IDEAL+ADC鉴别良性组与管腔阴性组的AUC最高(0.927);差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IDEAL-IQ序列生成的R2^(*)值可用于区分良恶性乳腺肿块,可能成为除ADC外辅助乳腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别的又一无需对比剂参数。