The hemolysis of human red blood cells was initiated by a water soluble free radical initiator, 2,2′ azobis (2 amidinopropane hydrochloride)(AAPH), at 37 ℃ in phosphate buffered saline(pH=7.4). The respective additi...The hemolysis of human red blood cells was initiated by a water soluble free radical initiator, 2,2′ azobis (2 amidinopropane hydrochloride)(AAPH), at 37 ℃ in phosphate buffered saline(pH=7.4). The respective addition of 1 [ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)amino]tetradecane(TDCA), 1,2 di[ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)amino]cyclohexane(DACH), 4 [ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzoic acid(PABA), 4 nitro[ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)]aniline(APNA) or N (o hydroxybenzylidene)aniline(APA) can all prolong the inhibition period of hemolysis, indicating that the above Schiff bases play an antioxidative role in free radical induced hemolysis. It can be concluded that Schiff base with an alkyl group or a conjugated system in the molecule protect red blood cells against free radical induced hemolysis efficiently. This information may be useful for antioxidant drug design.展开更多
Eighty-six senile persons,aged 60 years old or over,were treated by medicinalcake-separated moxibustion and the influence of moxibustion upon red blood cell immunity func-tion and free radical was observed.We have ado...Eighty-six senile persons,aged 60 years old or over,were treated by medicinalcake-separated moxibustion and the influence of moxibustion upon red blood cell immunity func-tion and free radical was observed.We have adopted the principle of tonifying the kidney andstrengthening the spleen,promoting blood flow and removing blood stasis.The tonic points suchas Dazhui（GV 14）,Shenshu（BL 23）,Guanyuan（CV 4）,Shenque（CV 8）and Zhsanli（ST36）were chosen.Besides,it was supplemented with the principle of nourishing blood,tonifyingspleen and replenishing essence,using medicinal cake moxibustion.The moxibustion was givenonce every other day,three moxa-cone on each point,and twenty-four times as a therapeuticcourse.The total moxibustion amount is 264 moxa-cone.Before and after the treatment,wemeasured the red blood cell immunity function（RBC-C<sub>3</sub>b,RBC-IC,RFER,RFIR）,the SOD ac-tivity of RBC,and the contents of serum LPo. Results show that in senile person,the RBC-C<sub>3</sub>b rosette formation falls while the展开更多
Blood cells are mainly(~99%)comprised of red blood cells.The most remarkable properties of are their high deformability,which allow they flow through microcapillaries of diameter even smaller than their size.The RBC’...Blood cells are mainly(~99%)comprised of red blood cells.The most remarkable properties of are their high deformability,which allow they flow through microcapillaries of diameter even smaller than their size.The RBC’s remarkable mechanical properties originate from the unique architecture of its membrane.To study the mechanism of RBC’s deformability,a commonly adopted approach is to localize the cytoskeleton protein by immunofluorescence,followed by exploring the changes of cytoskeleton protein during cell deformation.During this process,the fixed treatment of RBC using GA and PFA is of great importance.However,RBC’s deformability is reduced by the fixation process and skeletal protein of membrane is changed accordingly.The flow behavior of red RBCs through the microchannel also changed.Given the difficulty of observing RBC flow in vivo,in vitro simulation by virtue of microfluidic devices provides a feasible alternative.An important physiological phenomenon of the blood flow is the formation of cell free layer(CFL),with RBCs show a tendency to concentrate towards the central axis of the pipeline and move faster than the plasma layer.However,this phenomena is weaken if the stiffness of the membrane increase,which occurs in some disease,such as hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis.To study the effects of GA and PFA fix treatment on RBC deformability,a microfluidic platform is employed to measuring the CFL and flow velocity of blood flow in this work.The PDMS micro flow channel used is 100 micrometers in width and 50 micrometers in deep.The RBC suspension is fed into the flow channel by the injection pump(NE-1000.USA),and the experiments are observed and recorded by the inverted microscope(IX70,Olympus,Japan)and high-speed camera(Memrecam GX-1,NAC,Japan)system.Three GA concentrations,i.e.,0.000 5,0.000 75,and 0.001 wt.%were used.Meanwhile,the effect of PFA at a concentration of 2wt.%work with GA was also investigated.Images of the flowing RBCs are processed mainly based on Memrecam GXLink.The results show that,the diameter of the RBC be treated is bigger and the shape of the RBC is became more flat after treated.Some of RBCs lost their biconcave structure.When the RBC suspension with 5%Hct flow in the microchannel,the CFL thickness decrease after being treated.And with concentrations of GA increase,the CFL thickness become thinner.The CFL thickness decrease significantly when GA and 2 wt.%PFA work combined.The velocity of RBCs decreases after treated with the GA or/and 2wt.%PFA.GA is known to relieve the dissolution of red blood cells during fluorescence labeling.On the other hand,the crosslinking of the aldehyde group(-cho)of GA with the amino group(-nh2)of RBC membrane protein will change the conformation of the membrane protein and its visco-elastic properties in turn.Then,the transparent fluidity orrheology characteristics of RBC is altered.Since GA and PFA are commonly used to immobilize red blood cells and keep the fluorescence constant,and PFA works similarly as GA,as a result,the variation of membrane protein conformation is intensified,and the membrane becomes stiffer.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM) is the third most common noninfectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia. Inc...Diabetes mellitus(DM) is the third most common noninfectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia. Increased levels of blood glucose activate polyol, hexosamine, and protein kinase metabolic pathways cause the intensification of non-enzymatic glycosylation and nitration of macromolecules. This, in turn, leads to the development of oxidative and nitrative stresses and secondary complications, such as different kinds of microand macroangiopathies. Metabolic disorders caused by insulin deficiency in diabetes significantly impede the functioning of a homeostasis system, which change the physical, biochemical, morphological, and functional properties of blood cells. As a result, the oxygen-transport function of red blood cells(RBCs), rheological properties of the blood, and functions of immunocompetent cells as well as the process of apoptosis are primarily affected. Modern pharmacotherapy focuses on the search for new preparations that aim to decrease blood glucose levels. Undesirable side effects and adverse reactions caused by synthetic medicines led to the search and investigation of new preparations of natural origin. Medicinal mushrooms play an important role among such new preparations. They are a source of a large number of high-and lowmolecular compounds with pronounced biological effects. Our investigations show pronounced hypoglycemic and anti-anemic action of submerged cultivated mycelium powder of medicinal mushrooms Agaricus brasiliensis(A. brasiliensis) and Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) on streptozotocin-induced DM in rats. Also, we showed that mycelium powders have membrane protective properties as evidenced by the redistribution of RBC populations towards the growth of full functional cell numbers. Normalization of parameters of leukocyte formula and suppression of apoptosis of white blood cells in diabeticrats treated with A. brasiliensis and G. lucidum mycelia indicates pronounced positive effects of these strains of mushrooms. Thus, the use of medicinal mushrooms for treatment of DM and in prevention development of its secondary complications might be a new effective approach of this disease's cure. This article is aimed at summarizing and analyzing the literature data and basic achievements concerning DM type 1 treatment using medicinal mushrooms and showing the results obtained in our research.展开更多
The in vitro oxidative hemolysis of human red blood cells (RBC) was used as a model to study the free radical induced damage of biological membranes and the inhibitory effect of natural antioxidants. The hemolysis was...The in vitro oxidative hemolysis of human red blood cells (RBC) was used as a model to study the free radical induced damage of biological membranes and the inhibitory effect of natural antioxidants. The hemolysis was induced by a water-soluble free radical initiator 2,2’-azo(2-asmidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) and inhibited by the principal polyphenolic components extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicat-echin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA). Addition of AAPH at 37℃ caused fast hemolysis after a short period of inhibition period, while addition of the green tea polyphenols efficiently suppressed the hemolysis in the activity sequence of EGCG 】 EGC】 ECG ≈EC】GA, demonstrating that these green tea polyphenols are effective antioxidants which could protect biological membranes from free radical induced oxidative damage.展开更多
文摘The hemolysis of human red blood cells was initiated by a water soluble free radical initiator, 2,2′ azobis (2 amidinopropane hydrochloride)(AAPH), at 37 ℃ in phosphate buffered saline(pH=7.4). The respective addition of 1 [ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)amino]tetradecane(TDCA), 1,2 di[ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)amino]cyclohexane(DACH), 4 [ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzoic acid(PABA), 4 nitro[ N (o hydroxybenzylidene)]aniline(APNA) or N (o hydroxybenzylidene)aniline(APA) can all prolong the inhibition period of hemolysis, indicating that the above Schiff bases play an antioxidative role in free radical induced hemolysis. It can be concluded that Schiff base with an alkyl group or a conjugated system in the molecule protect red blood cells against free radical induced hemolysis efficiently. This information may be useful for antioxidant drug design.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Eighty-six senile persons,aged 60 years old or over,were treated by medicinalcake-separated moxibustion and the influence of moxibustion upon red blood cell immunity func-tion and free radical was observed.We have adopted the principle of tonifying the kidney andstrengthening the spleen,promoting blood flow and removing blood stasis.The tonic points suchas Dazhui（GV 14）,Shenshu（BL 23）,Guanyuan（CV 4）,Shenque（CV 8）and Zhsanli（ST36）were chosen.Besides,it was supplemented with the principle of nourishing blood,tonifyingspleen and replenishing essence,using medicinal cake moxibustion.The moxibustion was givenonce every other day,three moxa-cone on each point,and twenty-four times as a therapeuticcourse.The total moxibustion amount is 264 moxa-cone.Before and after the treatment,wemeasured the red blood cell immunity function（RBC-C<sub>3</sub>b,RBC-IC,RFER,RFIR）,the SOD ac-tivity of RBC,and the contents of serum LPo. Results show that in senile person,the RBC-C<sub>3</sub>b rosette formation falls while the
文摘Blood cells are mainly(~99%)comprised of red blood cells.The most remarkable properties of are their high deformability,which allow they flow through microcapillaries of diameter even smaller than their size.The RBC’s remarkable mechanical properties originate from the unique architecture of its membrane.To study the mechanism of RBC’s deformability,a commonly adopted approach is to localize the cytoskeleton protein by immunofluorescence,followed by exploring the changes of cytoskeleton protein during cell deformation.During this process,the fixed treatment of RBC using GA and PFA is of great importance.However,RBC’s deformability is reduced by the fixation process and skeletal protein of membrane is changed accordingly.The flow behavior of red RBCs through the microchannel also changed.Given the difficulty of observing RBC flow in vivo,in vitro simulation by virtue of microfluidic devices provides a feasible alternative.An important physiological phenomenon of the blood flow is the formation of cell free layer(CFL),with RBCs show a tendency to concentrate towards the central axis of the pipeline and move faster than the plasma layer.However,this phenomena is weaken if the stiffness of the membrane increase,which occurs in some disease,such as hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis.To study the effects of GA and PFA fix treatment on RBC deformability,a microfluidic platform is employed to measuring the CFL and flow velocity of blood flow in this work.The PDMS micro flow channel used is 100 micrometers in width and 50 micrometers in deep.The RBC suspension is fed into the flow channel by the injection pump(NE-1000.USA),and the experiments are observed and recorded by the inverted microscope(IX70,Olympus,Japan)and high-speed camera(Memrecam GX-1,NAC,Japan)system.Three GA concentrations,i.e.,0.000 5,0.000 75,and 0.001 wt.%were used.Meanwhile,the effect of PFA at a concentration of 2wt.%work with GA was also investigated.Images of the flowing RBCs are processed mainly based on Memrecam GXLink.The results show that,the diameter of the RBC be treated is bigger and the shape of the RBC is became more flat after treated.Some of RBCs lost their biconcave structure.When the RBC suspension with 5%Hct flow in the microchannel,the CFL thickness decrease after being treated.And with concentrations of GA increase,the CFL thickness become thinner.The CFL thickness decrease significantly when GA and 2 wt.%PFA work combined.The velocity of RBCs decreases after treated with the GA or/and 2wt.%PFA.GA is known to relieve the dissolution of red blood cells during fluorescence labeling.On the other hand,the crosslinking of the aldehyde group(-cho)of GA with the amino group(-nh2)of RBC membrane protein will change the conformation of the membrane protein and its visco-elastic properties in turn.Then,the transparent fluidity orrheology characteristics of RBC is altered.Since GA and PFA are commonly used to immobilize red blood cells and keep the fluorescence constant,and PFA works similarly as GA,as a result,the variation of membrane protein conformation is intensified,and the membrane becomes stiffer.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is the third most common noninfectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia. Increased levels of blood glucose activate polyol, hexosamine, and protein kinase metabolic pathways cause the intensification of non-enzymatic glycosylation and nitration of macromolecules. This, in turn, leads to the development of oxidative and nitrative stresses and secondary complications, such as different kinds of microand macroangiopathies. Metabolic disorders caused by insulin deficiency in diabetes significantly impede the functioning of a homeostasis system, which change the physical, biochemical, morphological, and functional properties of blood cells. As a result, the oxygen-transport function of red blood cells(RBCs), rheological properties of the blood, and functions of immunocompetent cells as well as the process of apoptosis are primarily affected. Modern pharmacotherapy focuses on the search for new preparations that aim to decrease blood glucose levels. Undesirable side effects and adverse reactions caused by synthetic medicines led to the search and investigation of new preparations of natural origin. Medicinal mushrooms play an important role among such new preparations. They are a source of a large number of high-and lowmolecular compounds with pronounced biological effects. Our investigations show pronounced hypoglycemic and anti-anemic action of submerged cultivated mycelium powder of medicinal mushrooms Agaricus brasiliensis(A. brasiliensis) and Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) on streptozotocin-induced DM in rats. Also, we showed that mycelium powders have membrane protective properties as evidenced by the redistribution of RBC populations towards the growth of full functional cell numbers. Normalization of parameters of leukocyte formula and suppression of apoptosis of white blood cells in diabeticrats treated with A. brasiliensis and G. lucidum mycelia indicates pronounced positive effects of these strains of mushrooms. Thus, the use of medicinal mushrooms for treatment of DM and in prevention development of its secondary complications might be a new effective approach of this disease's cure. This article is aimed at summarizing and analyzing the literature data and basic achievements concerning DM type 1 treatment using medicinal mushrooms and showing the results obtained in our research.
文摘The in vitro oxidative hemolysis of human red blood cells (RBC) was used as a model to study the free radical induced damage of biological membranes and the inhibitory effect of natural antioxidants. The hemolysis was induced by a water-soluble free radical initiator 2,2’-azo(2-asmidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) and inhibited by the principal polyphenolic components extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicat-echin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA). Addition of AAPH at 37℃ caused fast hemolysis after a short period of inhibition period, while addition of the green tea polyphenols efficiently suppressed the hemolysis in the activity sequence of EGCG 】 EGC】 ECG ≈EC】GA, demonstrating that these green tea polyphenols are effective antioxidants which could protect biological membranes from free radical induced oxidative damage.
