Methylprednisolone microsphere sustained-release membrane inhibits scar formation at the site of peripheral nerve lesion

Corticosteroids are widely used for the treatment of acute central nervous system injury. However, their bioactivity is limited by their short half-life. Sustained release of glucocorticoids can prolong their efficacy and inhibit scar formation at the site of nerve injury. In the present study, we wrapped the anastomotic ends of the rat sciatic nerve with a methylprednisolone sustained-release membrane. Compared with methylprednisone alone or methylprednisone microspheres, the methylprednisolone microsphere sustained-release membrane reduced tissue adhesion and inhibited scar tissue formation at the site of anastomosis. It also increased sciatic nerve function index and the thickness of the myelin sheath. Our findings show that the methylprednisolone microsphere sustained-release membrane effectively inhibits scar formation at the site of anastomosis of the peripheral nerve, thereby promoting nerve regeneration.

Feasibility and simulation model of a pilot scale membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and reuse from Chinese traditional medicine

The lack and pollution of water resource make wastewater reuse necessary. The pilot scale long-term tests for submerged membrane bioreactor were conducted to treat the effluents of anaerobic or aerobic treatment process for the high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. This article was focused on the feasibility of the wastewater treatment and reuse at shorter hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 5.0, 3.2 and 2.13 h. MLSS growth, membrane flux, vacuum values and chemical cleaning periods were also investigated. The experimental results of treating two-phase anaerobic treatment effluent demonstrated that the CODfilt was less than 100 mg/L when the influent COD was between 500-10000 mg/L at HRT of 5.0 h, which could satisfy the normal discharged standard in China. The experimental results to treat cross flow aerobic reactor effluent demonstrated that the average value of CODfilt was 17.28 mg/L when the average value of influent COD was 192.84 mg/L at HRT of 2.13 h during 106 d, which could completely meet the normal standard for water reuse. The maximum MLSS and MLVSS reached 24000 and 14500 mg/L at HRT of 3.2 h respectively. Membrane flux had maximal resume degrees of 94.7% at vacuum value of 0.02 MPa after cleaning. Chemical cleaning periods of membrane module were 150 d. A simulation model of operational parameters was also established based on the theory of back propagation neural network and linear regression of traditional mathematical model. The simulation model showed that the optimum operational parameters were suggested as follows： HRT was 5.0 h, SRT was 100 d, the range of COD loading rate was between 10.664-20.451 kg/（m3.d）, the range of MLSS was between 7543-13694 mg/L.

Progress of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum-associated signaling and its regulation of chronic liver disease by Chinese medicine

The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is connected to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes(MAMs).MAMs provide a framework for crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria,playing a crucial role in regulating cellular calcium balance,lipid metabolism,and cell death.Dysregulation of MAMs is involved in the development of chronic liver disease(CLD).In CLD,changes in MAMs structure and function occur due to factors such as cellular stress,inflammation,and oxidative stress,leading to abnormal interactions between mitochondria and the ER,resulting in liver cell injury,fibrosis,and impaired liver function.Traditional Chinese medicine has shown some research progress in regulating MAMs signaling and treating CLD.This paper reviews the literature on the association between mitochondria and the ER,as well as the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating CLD.

Treatment of Chinese traditional medicine wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor

A pilot scale test was conducted in a submerged membrane bioreactor SMBR with capacity of 10. 0 m^3/d for 120 days to treat high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. Performance of the SMBR was investigated with a sludge retention time （ TSR ） of 50 days, a hydraulic retention time （ THR ） of 8.0 h, membrane flux of 8. 0 IV（ m^2 · h） and dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration of 2. 0 - 3. 0 mg/L, respectively. It was observed that the SMBR had high capacity of COD and suspended solid （SS） removal. The influent COD concentration was fluctuated between I 000 and 5 000 mg/L, while the averaged effluent COl） concentration was only 44. 6 mg/L. The influent SS concentration was fluctuated between 1 000 and 1 600 mg/L, while little effluent SS was detected. It was found that the COD remove rate increased with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and organic loading rate （ROL）. In order to obtain good-quality effluent, the operational conditions of the SMBR were suggested as follows： the temperature was controlled above 10 ℃, MLSS about 7000 mg/L, R,L under 24. 76 kg/（ m^3 · d）, low vacuum value and constant water flux.

CiteSpace-based Knowledge Graph Analysis of the Current Status and Trends of Chinese Medicine Research in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Objective:To analyze the current status and development trend of Chinese medicine research in the field of idiopathic membranous nephropathy since 2000.Methods:The literature related to Chinese medicine for idiopathic membranous nephropathy published in China Knowledge Network(CNKI)since 2000 was searched,and CiteSpacewas applied to visualize the publication time,authors,and keywords of the literature and to draw a visual knowledge graph.Results:372 relevant literatures were included.Author analysis showed that there were 343 authors included,and the authors with the highest number of publications published 13 articles,and the core authors accounted for 10.2%of the total number;keyword analysis showed that 15 clusters were formed after burst analysis,and 10 emergent words were formed after keyword emergence analysis.Conclusion:Chinese medicine recognizes and intervenes in idiopathic membranous nephropathy in terms of evidence type,treatment method,common prescriptions and single herbs,auxiliary examination,treatment modality,and clinical research.The development trend lies in the combination of macroscopic and microscopic,the synergy between Chinese and Western,multidisciplinary collision diagnosis and treatment,as well as the use of Chinese medicine to intervene in the disease process at an early stage,and the integration of a worldwide standardized diagnosis and treatment guideline of Chinese medicine for idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Skin Ulcer Disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and Its Sensitivity to Chinese Herbal Medicine

In this study, the pathogen causing skin ulcer disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther was isolated for morphological observation, physiological and bio- chemical identification. According to the result, the isolated pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The results of recurrent infection of C. semilaevis Gonther showed that the pathogen was strongly pathogenic to C. semilaevis Gunther. In or- der to explore the pathogenesis, outer membrane protein （OMP） gene of C. semi- laevis Gunther was detected by PCR. The results showed that all the three repre- sentative strains harbored OMP gene. According to the results of sensitivity test of the pathogen to Chinese herbal medicine, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan exerted strong antibacterial effects against V. harveyr, Pericarpium Granati exhibited slight antibacterial effect against V. harveyi; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori GramineL Herba Houttuyniae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Andrographis, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Herba Menthae Heplocalycis had little effect on V. harveyi. Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan were prepared into three prescriptions, among which prescription 1 （Galla Chinensis ＋ Fructus Mume） exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.

Clinical observation on treatment of cancer pain with TCM oriented drugs combined with oxycodone sustained-release tablets and nimesulide sustained-release tablets

Objective： To study the effect of the transdermal preparation of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cancer pain. Methods： From October 2016 to January 2018, 126 patients with cancer pain were enrolled and divided into 4 groups, 39 patients in group A （directed TCM permeation）, 26 patients in group B （oxycodone sustained-release tablets）, 32 patients in group C （Chinese medicine directed drug penetration ＋ oxycodone sustained-release tablets）, and 29 patients group D （Chinese medicine directed drug penetration ＋ oxycodone sustained-release tablets ＋ nimesulide sustained release tablets）, according to KPS scores. Results： Transdermal preparations of traditional Chinese medicine can significantly alleviate cancer pain. For the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain, the Chinese medicine transdermal preparation can reduce the dosage of oxycodone sustained-release tablets. At the same time, the patient＇s KPS and NRS scores were significantly reduced. Moreover, the transdermal preparation of traditional Chinese medicine has a better therapeutic effect on visceral pain. Conclusion： The traditional Chinese medicine tra_nsdermal preparation combined with western medicine for the treatment of cancer pain may be a new method for the treatment of cancer pain.

基底膜相关基因在类风湿关节炎不同中医证型中的转录组学分析及药物预测

背景:基底膜基因与类风湿关节炎的发生发展密切相关,但不同中医证型下基底膜相关基因在其发病机制中的作用尚不明确。目的:基底膜基因联合转录组学分析探讨类风湿关节炎5种不同中医证型的发病机制差异,并进行潜在治疗药物预测。方法:基于GEO数据库整理类风湿关节炎相关中医证型芯片数据以及基底膜相关基因,利用R-limma包筛选差异表达基因,Mfuzz包进行表达趋势分析。借助STRING数据库构建PPI网络,UPset筛选关键基因,通过R-clusterProfiler包对差异表达基因进行GSEA及富集分析,同时绘制ROC曲线评估基底膜相关核心靶点对5种证型分别的诊断价值。基于CIBERSORT核心算法计算每种证型的免疫浸润情况。最后,利用SymMap和COREMINE数据库预测可靶向基底膜相关核心基因治疗类风湿关节炎不同证型的潜在中药及小分子药物。结果与结论:①在5种类风湿关节炎中医证型中(风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证、肝肾亏虚证、气血两虚证及血瘀阻络证)分别筛选出67,47,59,57,55个基底膜相关差异表达基因,其中关键靶点分别为5,7,5,3,5个。③各证型中富集最多的为细胞基质黏附、免疫细胞迁移及胶原代谢等生物过程以及细胞外基质受体相互作用、PI3K-Akt、局灶性粘连和Rap1信号通路等。④药物预测结果显示,土茯苓、川乌、绵马贯众及黄精是通过影响基底膜基因治疗5种类风湿关节炎中医证型最具潜力的中药。⑤结果证实,基底膜相关基因的异常表达可能是通过调控细胞附着、免疫细胞迁移及炎症反应等多个途径影响类风湿关节炎的发生和发展,在不同证型中有着差异表现,其中ITGA6可作为5种类风湿关节炎证型中共同的诊断标志物。清热解毒类中药可能是类风湿关节炎不同证型治疗中可以贯穿始终的潜在有效药物。

Screening of immune cell activators from Astragali Radix using a comprehensive two-dimensional NK-92MI cell membrane chromatography/C18 column/time-of-flight mass spectrometry system

Astragali Radix(AR)is a clinically used herbal medicine with multiple immunomodulatory activities that can strengthen the activity and cytotoxicity of natural killer(NK)cells.However,owing to the complexity of its composition,the specific active ingredients in AR that act on NK cells are not clear yet.Cell membrane chromatography(CMC)is mainly used to screen the active ingredients in a complex system of herbal medicines.In this study,a new comprehensive two-dimensional(2D)NK-92MI CMC/C18 column/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOFMS)system was established to screen for potential NK cell activators.To obtain a higher column efficiency,3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified silica was synthesized to prepare the NK-92MI CMC column.In total,nine components in AR were screened from this system,which could be washed out from the NK-92MI/CMC column after 10 min,and they showed good affinity for NK-92MI/CMC column.Two representative active compounds of AR,isoastragaloside Ⅰ and astragaloside IV,promoted the killing effect of NK cells on K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner.It can thus suggest that isoastragaloside Ⅰ and astragaloside Ⅳ are the main immunomodulatory components of AR.This comprehensive 2D NK-92MI CMC analytical system is a practical method for screening immune cell activators from other herbal medicines with immunomodulatory effects.

A Discussion on TCM Treatment and the Pathogenesis of Membranous Nephropathy in Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective:To investigate the TCM treatment principle of membranous nephropathy and its effect.Methods:A total of 56 patients were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.They were then divided into the control group(western medicine standard therapy)and the study group(Qidi Gushen prescription),with 28 patients in each group.The treatment effect,treatment safety,and patients’satisfaction were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:The results showed that the treatment effect of the study group was 96.43%,which was significantly better compared with the control group(75.00%)(p<0.05);in terms of safety,the probability of adverse events was 7.14%in the study group and 32.14%in the control group,in which the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);in addition,the study group’s satisfaction with the treatment measures was significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05).Conclusion:In treating membranous nephropathy,traditional Chinese medicine can be tailored to its pathogenesis,which is not only beneficial to the treatment effect,but also has a high safety profile.

基于细胞膜色谱技术的中药复杂体系目标物筛选分析装备

中药是临床防治疾病的有效药物。由于中药物质基础的复杂性以及成药过程的多环节因素,实现中药全面质量控制的难度相对较大。如果能够在明确中药有效物质与有害物质的基础上,在成药过程中重点控制其含量和限量,则能在很大程度上“纲举目张”,有效保障中药质量的可控性和重复性。当前,我国药物研发源头创新技术不足,研发效率有待提升,缺乏高通量的精准分析装备。我国医药分析装备长期依赖进口,高端智能分析装备缺乏,亟需构建“医药智能分析系统”。本项目在国家自然科学基金重大仪器研制项目的资助下,利用细胞膜色谱技术的原创性与独创性,结合生物工程技术和人工智能技术,研制二维细胞膜色谱(2D/CMC)分析仪,对成型的“2D/CMC-中药药效物质分析仪”和“2D/CMC-中药注射液类过敏物分析仪”开展了示范应用,提升了中药药效物质和过敏组分的筛选、发现的效率,并同步进行定性、定量分析,为中药提质增效提供高效分析工具。

基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件分析中医药治疗特发性膜性肾病研究的现状及趋势

目的基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer可视化分析中医药治疗特发性膜性肾病的研究现状和发展趋势,为未来研究方向提供参考和建议。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、Web of ScienceTM核心合集数据库从建库至2022年12月1日期间发表的以中医药治疗特发性膜性肾病的相关文献,并根据纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选。共纳入中文文献469篇、英文文献36篇,利用CiteSpace 6.1.R3和VOSviewer 1.6.18绘制中医药治疗特发性膜性肾病的知识图谱,对发表时间、研究作者、研究机构、研究关键词进行频数分析、聚类分析、突现分析。结果分析可得年发文量从2016年开始呈大幅度上升趋势,王暴魁是中文文献发文量最多的作者,WANG L(王琳)是英文文献发文量最多的作者;首都医科大学附属北京中医医院团队、上海中医药大学附属龙华医院为领头机构;疾病、病机、治疗为主要研究内容。研究者对名医经验的关注度高,“辨证论治”为近两年热点并有望得到进一步研究和应用。结论未来多中心多元交叉研究网络的构建、高质量真实世界研究和生物机制研究的开展将推动中医药治疗特发性膜性肾病的多维度研究得到进一步深化。

原发性膜性肾病患者血清IL-6与尿蛋白水平的相关性及其与中医证型关系的探讨

目的:探究细胞因子与原发性膜性肾病(primary membranous nephropathy,PMN)患者尿蛋白、中医证型及预后的关系。方法:本研究为前瞻性研究,纳入2021年06月—2022年3月在中日友好医院行肾活检诊断为PMN的患者81例作为疾病组,另纳入健康人群22例为对照组。测量治疗前所有患者血清IL-6、IL-17的水平,并对疾病组进行中医辨证分型及长期随访。运用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析。结果:疾病组血清IL-6水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001),且其IL-6水平与尿蛋白存在相关性。两组在血清IL-17水平上未表现出明显差异。在中医证型上,IL-6升高组以脾肾阳虚证和血瘀证为多见,IL-6正常组多为气虚证。预后方面,相比于IL-6正常组,IL-6升高组的临床缓解率低,达到中位缓解的时间长。结论:PMN患者存在微炎症状态,血清IL-6水平与尿蛋白水平、中医证型及预后显著相关。

基于调控足细胞程序性死亡的中药治疗膜性肾病药理机制研究进展

膜性肾病(membranous nephropathy,MN)是一种以上皮下免疫复合物沉积为典型病理特征的原发性肾小球疾病,其核心机制为免疫复合物沉积进而所造成的足细胞损伤。目前包括糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制药物或生物制剂在内的MN主流治疗方案,存在疗效个体差异较大、停药容易复发及不良反应多等局限性。近年来MN中的足细胞程序性死亡异常在疾病发生发展过程中的潜在作用越来越被重视。中医药对此相关的基础研究也大量展开。当前研究表明,中药单体、中药复方、中成药等可通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)信号通路、核因子E2相关因子(nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor,Nrf2)信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路、细胞核转录因子(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路、富含亮氨酸重复蛋白3(leucine-rich repetitive protein 3,NLRP3)/天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1(Caspase-1)信号通路等,调控包括足细胞自噬、调亡、焦亡、铁死亡等一系列细胞程序性死亡过程,进而缓解足细胞损伤,保护肾脏功能。本文从中药单体、中药复方和中成药的角度对干预相关靶点通路治疗MN有关文献进行总结,旨在为中医药抗MN的临床治疗、基础研究及靶向药物的研发提供一定的参考依据。

不同地区对膜性肾病影响因素及中医药治疗

膜性肾病(membranous nephropathy,MN)是我国肾病综合征的主要原因之一,该病病因复杂,治疗效果欠佳,给社会公共卫生和患者的生活带来了严重的负担。随着大量研究不断深入,各地方文献日益丰富,现对多个单中心肾病病理类型回顾性研究进行统计,对不同地区MN中医证候分布规律及中医治疗进行总结,浅析不同地区对MN病因病机的影响,不同地区MN中医治疗特点,结合主客观因素给中医药治疗膜性肾病提供更多诊疗思路和治疗方法。

同轴静电纺抗菌PLA纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为了获得释药速率稳定的载药纳米纤维膜,以聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,采用同轴静电纺工艺制备具有皮芯结构的纳米纤维膜。分析了皮层与芯层不同推注速度比下制备的静电纺纳米纤维膜的化学结构、亲水性能、抗菌性能、药物缓释性能。结果表明:复合抗菌剂Ag@TP粒子分布均匀且较为纯净,并能够成功复合到静电纺纳米纤维膜上。当皮层与芯层推注速度比为3∶1时,制得的纳米纤维具有较为均匀的直径分布,并且纤维因其粗糙的表面而具有更大的比表面积,使得相同条件下的纤维膜能够吸附更多细菌,同时疏水性较强且断裂伸长率达到最大。认为:与共混结构的纳米纤维膜相比,具有皮芯结构的同轴静电纺纳米纤维膜可以有效缓解突释问题,能够更好地实现抗菌剂的长效稳定释放。

氧化剂类型对rGO/CNTs催化膜去除水中消炎药成分的影响

磺胺吡啶(SSZ)与甲氧苄啶(TMP)是常用的消炎药组合,其排入水体后可能引发生态风险。为实现污染物的高效净化,将还原氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管(rGO/CNTs)复合碳层负载于微滤膜表面,并通过活化多种氧化剂,建立了可实现连续处理的原位催化氧化体系。研究结果表明,过二硫酸盐(PDS)和过一硫酸盐(PMS)分别是rGO/CNTs催化膜去除水中SSZ和TMP的最佳氧化剂,而过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))体系的除污效能随运行时间衰减较快。由活性氧组分淬灭实验、碳层表面基团表征和密度泛函理论计算可知,碳层缺陷结构是吸附、活化PDS和PMS分子,诱发表面氧化和单线态氧(^(1)O_(2))等非自由基氧化的关键位点。与羟自由基(·OH)反应占主导的H2O2体系相比,PDS和PMS催化氧化具有明显的目标物选择性,能够更有效地抵抗水体背景物质的干扰和减缓膜污染的形成。上述发现对于进一步优化碳质催化膜的功能设计、推动原位催化氧化新技术发展具有指导意义。

基于数据挖掘探讨中医药治疗膜性肾病的用药规律

目的:研究中医药治疗膜性肾病的用药规律,为中医临床治疗膜性肾病提供参考。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库和PubMed中收录的中医药治疗膜性肾病的临床研究,建立数据文件,使用Excel 2019、Clementine 12.0和SPSS 21.0软件对中医证型、药物的使用频次、分类、用量和性味归经等进行频次统计、关联规则分析、因子分析和聚类分析。结果:共纳入符合标准的中药复方179首,高频药物18味,其中黄芪、茯苓、白术和党参使用频次最多;功效分类以补虚药最为常见,药性以温为主,药味以甘为主,多归脾经;关联规则分析得到16种关联强度高的药物组合;因子分析提取了6个公因子;聚类分析可将药物分为4类。结论:中医药治疗膜性肾病以益气健脾补肾为主,甘温补虚,辨证配伍活血化瘀、利水渗湿等药物。

膜分离技术在中药现代化中的应用:进展、难点及发展方向

综述了膜技术在中药现代化进程中包括有效成分的提取和浓缩、中药制剂的制备等方面的应用,探讨了膜技术在中药制药中面临的挑战,基于膜污染与使用寿命、规模化应用等提出了解决思路。针对目前膜技术在中药现代化中的应用多数仍处于实验探索研究阶段这一现状,从膜材料创新等角度结合可持续发展、绿色制药等理念对未来的发展方向作了展望。