Effect of daily supplementation of soy isoflavones on hot flashes and night sweats in African menopausal women

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical grade isoflavone supplement (Inoclim?) 40 mg per capsule of soy extract rich in daidzin and genistin) on the number of hot flashes and night sweats in menopausal African women. This open, prospective, multicenter study involved 140 menopausal women with climacteric symptoms (i.e., a minimum of five hot flashes and/or moderate to severe night sweats per day). These patients received a daily 40-mg supplement of soy isoflavone contained in an Inoclim? capsule (Laboratoire Innotech International, France). The dose was increased to two capsules per day when there were more than five hot flashes or when the women could not sleep because of night sweats. The patients were followed up over a 4-month period and data were analyzed using EPI-InfoTM version 3.5.1. The outcome measure was fewer hot flashes and night sweats. The mean daily number of episodes of hot flashes was 5.7 at baseline and 1.8 at week 16, corresponding to a decrease of 68.4% (n = 93 patients at baseline and n = 66 at 16 weeks). The mean number of daily episodes of night sweats was 3.7 at baseline and 0.8 at week 16, corresponding to a decrease of 78.4% (n = 127 patients in the first week and n = 73 at 16 weeks). Over 80% of patients took a single one 40 mg capsule per day. The percentage of patients who adhered to the prescription was more than 95% during the 4-month follow-up period. These results confirm the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical grade isoflavone supplement (40 mg, rich in genistin and daidzin) on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women.

In situ forming injectable MSC-loaded GelMA hydrogels combined with PD for vascularized sweat gland regeneration

Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells were isolated for implantation in vivo using surgical procedures.However,the reduced cell activity after cell isolation from 3D constructs and low cell retention in injured sites limit its application[1].Methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogel has the advantage of fast crosslinking,which could resemble complex architectures of tissue construct in vivo[2].Here,we adopted a noninvasive bioprinting procedure to imitate the regenerative microenvironment that could simultaneously direct the sweat gland(SG)and vascular differentiation from MSCs and ultimately promote the replacement of glandular tissue in situ(Fig.1a).

Porocarcinoma in a palm reconstructed with a full thickness skin graft: A case report

BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 92-year-old woman,a farmer by profession,presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding.Initially,the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy;however,a repeat biopsy with addi-tional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft.After treatment,the range of motion of the palm was preserved,and the aesthetic outcome was favorable.At 6 mo of follow-up,the patient was satisfied with the outcome.CONCLUSION Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC;therefore,clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.

Eccrine porocarcinoma in the tempus of an elderly woman:A case report

BACKGROUND Eccrine porocarcinoma(EPC)is a rare skin tumor that mainly affects the elderly population.Tumors often present with slow growth and a good prognosis.EPCs are usually distinguished from other skin tumors using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.However,surgical management alone may be inadequate if the tumor has metastasized.However,currently,surgical resection is the most commonly used treatment modality.CASE SUMMARY A seventy-four-year-old woman presented with a slow-growing nodule in her left temporal area,with no obvious itching or pain,for more than four months.Histopathological examination showed small columnar and short spindle-shaped cells;thus,basal cell carcinoma was suspected.However,immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of cytokeratin 5/6,p63 protein,p16 protein,and Ki-67 antigen(40%),and EPC was taken into consideration.The skin biopsy was repeated,and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed ductal differentiation in some cells.Finally,the patient was diagnosed with EPC,and Mohs micrographic surgery was performed.We adapted follow-up visits in a year and not found any recurrence of nodules.CONCLUSION This case report emphasizes the diagnosis and differentiation of EPC.

Wearable sweat biosensors on textiles for health monitoring

With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration,a wide variety of textilebased wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare,exercise monitoring,and pre-diagnostics.This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring.The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced.The classification,fabrication methods,and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized.Afterward,innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented,followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance.Finally,the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability,washability,stability,and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.

Review:Wearable Sweat Sensors for Diseases Prevention and Monitoring

Advanced in wireless technologies and flexible materials with great biocompatibility,wearable devices have been utilized in the field of healthcare,sports management,and diseases prevention,which have been widely applied in current electronic equipment.Sweat,as a common metabolite on the skin surface,contains a wealth of biomarkers for disease detection and diagnosis.Therefore,developing wearable sweat sensors can provide a non⁃invasive method for health data collecting,sports monitoring,and clinical diagnosis in a convenient way.Recent research in sweat metabolomics has offered a lot of information for sweat analysis and the wearable sweat sensors with small size,various sensing,and transmission units,and good skin contact has exhibited dynamic multi⁃signal detection.This article introduces the biomarkers in sweat related to different diseases and the current development of sweat sensors for user􀆳s activation monitoring and diseases detection.The barriers and difficulties in the future are also discussed and perspectives in the next generation sweat sensors are proposed.

Systematic review of hematidrosis: Time for clinicians to recognize this entity

BACKGROUND Hematidrosis is a sporadic disease,to a point where its existence is still denied up to date.It is also linked to stigmata,psychological roots,and religious beliefs,whih has strengthened clinicians'disbelief in hematidrosis.AIM To conduct a thorough review to classify the likelihood of hematidrosis cases.METHODS We searched PubMed,Science Direct,Medline,and Google Scholar,as well as four different preprint databases,including Medrxiv,Research Square,SSRN,and Biorxiv.We included studies from 1996 onwards,with no limitation on language.Hematidrosis was classified as"unlikely","likely",and"highly likely".RESULTS There are 74 articles with 106 hematidrosis cases.India(n=40)and China(n=11)report the most cases.Patients are mostly female(76.5%)with a median age of 13 years.The head region is the most common bleeding site(n=168/254).Headaches(26.9%)and abdominal pain(16.4%)are the most common prodromes.Beta-blockers(43%)and anxiolytic(23.2%)are the most commonly prescribed pharmacotherapy.Psychotherapy(37.5%)and counseling(32.5%)are the most utilized non-pharmacotherapy measures.Only 41.1%and 19.8%of all cases reach complete resolution and are highly likely to be hematidrosis,respectively.CONCLUSION Although hematidrosis is rare and the pathophysiology is still largely unknown,that does not mean hematidrosis does not exist.It is important to note that the most frequent trigger factors are either anxiety,fear,or excessive stress.Clinicians need to exclude other diagnoses and search for stressors to alleviate the bleeding.

1971-2000年我国东部地区雷暴、冰雹、雷暴大风发生频率的变化

应用1971-2000年华北、华中、华东各省1084个站的地面天气现象观测资料,统计分析了江南(31°N以南)、江淮和黄淮(31°～37°N)及黄河以北(37°N以北)雷暴、冰雹和雷暴大风的年代际变化特征。分析结果表明:雷暴、冰雹、雷暴大风发生频率呈减少趋势。其中江南地区雷暴年代际递减更明显,黄河以北地区冰雹年代际递减最明显,而雷暴大风在三个区域的年代际递减均明显。雷暴大风常与冰雹伴随发生,高原和山地多于平原,高值区位于华北北部和内蒙古中部。对流性天气的减少与水汽和动力条件的减弱有关系。包含热力、动力和水汽条件的综合指数SWEAT无论在空间分布上,还是在30年的演变趋势上,均与对流性天气的分布和演变趋势表现出相似的特征。

保留腮腺咬肌筋膜在预防Frey综合征中的应用

腮腺良性肿瘤目前仍以手术治疗为主,经典手术方法是保留面神经的腮腺浅叶或全叶加肿瘤切除术,但术后Frey综合征发生率较高,会造成严重后果,常给患者造成较大的精神痛苦,影响患者的生活质量。为探讨如何预防、减少腮腺肿瘤术后Frey综合征的发生,本研究采用保留腮腺咬肌筋膜关闭腺体创面,预防Frey综合征,效果满意。

颏前硬化性汗腺导管癌1例

1 临床资料 患者,女,69岁.颏前区无痛性肿块6年余,7月前发现明显增大伴疼痛,于2006-01-04日来院就诊.查体：颏前区明显隆起,形状不规则,表面皮肤紫红色,有破溃.肿瘤5 cm×5 cm×2 cm大小,质地不均匀,基底尚活动,与下颌骨粘连不明显,头颈部未触及肿大淋巴结.口腔曲面断层片未见有下颌骨颏部骨质破坏.手术取少许肿瘤组织送病理检查切面实性灰白色,质韧;未见皮肤组织.

“0531”通榆龙卷天气过程诊断分析

利用常规气象资料和FY-2气象卫星资料,从天气形势、卫星TBB演变特征和能量场特征等方面分析了2015年5月31日发生在吉林省通榆县的龙卷天气成因。结果表明:此次过程是一次由高空低涡和地面气旋及其冷锋造成的强对流天气过程,具有突发性强和小尺度的特点。这次龙卷天气过程出现在强对流云团前沿TBB梯度大值区内,云顶温度值及其水平梯度是识别龙卷的重要参量。本次强对流天气的层结触发条件主要以热力作用为主。SWEAT指数对强对流的产生有很好的指示意义。低空急流出口处风向风速的切变造成能量的堆积,从而产生了强烈的上升运动。低空急流中强盛的水平风使得上升气流出现了方向的扭转,在对流层的中下部开始旋转,并最终导致了龙卷天气的出现。

Small molecules facilitate single factor-mediated sweat gland cell reprogramming

Background: Large skin defects severely disrupt the overall skin structure and can irreversibly damage sweat glands(SGs), thus impairing the skin’s physiological function. This study aims to develop a stepwise reprogramming strategy to convert fibroblasts into SG lineages, which may provide a promising method to obtain desirable cell types for the functional repair and regeneration of damaged skin.Methods: The expression of the SG markers cytokeratin 5(CK5), cytokeratin 10(CK10), cytokeratin 18(CK18), carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), aquaporin 5(AQP5) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was assessed with quantitative PCR(qPCR), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Calcium activity analysis was conducted to test the function of induced SG-like cells(iSGCs). Mouse xenograft models were also used to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs.BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into normal group, SGM treatment group and iSGC transplantation group.Immunocytochemical analyses and starch-iodine sweat tests were used to confirm the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs.Results: Ectodermal dysplasia antigen(EDA) overexpression drove human dermal fibroblast(HDF) conversion into i SGCs in SG culture medium(SGM). qPCR indicated significantly increased mRNA levels of the SG markers CK5, CK18and CEA in iSGCs, and flow cytometry data demonstrated(4.18±0.04)% of iSGCs were CK5 positive and(4.36±0.25)%of iSGCs were CK18 positive. The addition of chemical cocktails greatly accelerated the SG fate program. qPCR results revealed significantly increased mRNA expression of CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, as well as activation of the duct marker CK10 and luminal functional marker AQP5. Flow cytometry indicated, after the treatment of chemical cocktails,(23.05±2.49)% of iSGCs expressed CK5^(+) and(55.79±3.18)% of iSGCs expressed CK18^(+), respectively. Calcium activity analysis indicated that the reactivity of iSGCs to acetylcholine was close to that of primary SG cells [(60.79±7.71)% vs.(70.59±0.34)%, ns]. In vivo transplantation experiments showed approximately(5.2±1.1)% of the mice were sweat test positive, and the histological analysis results indicated that regenerated SG structures were present in iSGCs-treated mice.Conclusions: We developed a SG reprogramming strategy to generate functional iSGCs from HDFs by using the single factor EDA in combination with SGM and small molecules. The generation of iSGCs has important implications for future in situ skin regeneration with SG restoration.

Emerging wearable flexible sensors for sweat analysis

Sweat,as a biofluid with the potential for noninvasive collection,provides profound insights into human health conditions,because it contains various chemicals and information to be utilized for the monitoring of well-being,stress levels,exercise,and nutrition.Recently,wearable sweat sensors have been developed as a promising substitute to conventional laboratory sweat detection methods.Such sensors are promising to realize low-cost,real-time,in situ sweat measurements,and provide great opportunities for health status evaluation analysis based on personalized big data.This review first presents an overview of wearable sweat sensors from the perspective of basic components,including materials and structures for specific sensing applications and modalities.Current strategies and specific methods of the fabrication of wearable power management are also summarized.Finally,current challenges and future directions of wearable sweat sensors are discussed.

Epidermal self-powered sweat sensors for glucose and lactate monitoring

Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification;therefore,wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research.An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors,however,the current power supplies,i.e.,batteries,limit further shrinking down the size of these devices and thus limit their application areas and scenarios.Herein,we report a stretchable self-powered biosensor with epidermal electronic format that enables the in situ detec-tion of lactate and glucose concentration in sweat.Enzymatic biofuel cells serve as self-powered sensing modules allowing the sweat sensor to exhibit a determination coefficient(R2)of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 2.48 mV/mM for lactate detection,and R2 of 0.96 with a sensitivity of 0.11 mV/μM for glucose detection.The microfluidic channels developed in an ultra-thin soft flexible polydimethylsiloxane layer not only enable the effective collection of sweat,but also provide excellent mechanical properties with stable performance output even under 30%stretching.The presented soft sweat sensors can be integrated at nearly any location of the body for the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose changes during normal daily activities such as exercise.Our results provide a promising approach to develop next-generation sweat sensors for real-time and in situ sweat analysis.

Wearable Sweat Sensors

Sweat, like blood, contains electrolytes and biomolecules that can reveal aspects of a person’s physiology, from hydration to kidney function. Though scientists have long recognized sweat’s potential use as a medical diagnostic tool, only recently have engineering advances allowed them to explore the possibility in earnest.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator functional evaluations in a G542X+/-IVS8Tn:T7/9 patient with acute recurrent pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute recurrent pancreatitis(ARP)is characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis in an otherwise normal gland.When no cause of ARP is identifiable,the diagnosis of"idiopathic"ARP is given.Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene increase the risk of ARP by 3-to 4-times compared to the general population,while cystic fibrosis(CF)patients present with a 40-to 80-times higher risk of developing pancreatitis.CASE SUMMARY In non-classical CF or CFTR-related disorders,CFTR functional tests can help to ensure a proper diagnosis.We applied an individualized combination of standardized and new CFTR functional bioassays for a patient referred to the Verona CF Center for evaluation after several episodes of acute pancreatitis.The CFTR genotype was G542X+/-with IVS8Tn:T7/9 polymorphism.The sweat(Cl-)values were borderline.Intestinal current measurements were performed according to the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Standardized Operating Procedure.Recent nasal surgery for deviated septum did not allow for nasal potential difference measurements.Lung function and sputum cultures were normal;azoospermia was excluded.Pancreas divisum was excluded by imaging but hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe was detected.Innovative tests applied in this case include sweat rate measurement by image analysis,CFTR function in monocytes evaluated using a membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent probe,and the intestinal organoids forskolin-induced swelling assay.CONCLUSION Combination of innovative CFTR functional assays might support a controversial diagnosis when CFTR-related disorders and/or non-classical CF are suspected.

Metastatic apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma in a terrier dog

This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of an apocrine sweat gland carcinoma with distant metastasis in an aged dog.A 7-year-old male terrier dog was referred to small animal hospital of Shuhid Bahonar University of Kerman with a 5.5×3.5 centimeter pedunculated mass on its head near left auricular region which had been progressively growing since tliree months ago.The radiography showed no local and distant metastasis.Surgical excision and histological evaluation was done.Histologically,the mass was composed of epithelial cells arranged in glandular and solid patterns.The morphologic findings suggested either a primary or metastatic apocrine-gland carcinoma.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were intensely positive for cytokeratin 7 and 20 and negative for S100 protein.On the basis of histopathological and clinical findings,the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant apocrine gland tumor,arising from apocrine sweat glands of the skin.Local tumor recurrence with anorexia and weight loss was reported by the owner nine month later.Severe submandibular and prescapular lymphadenomegaly was noted in clinical examination.Several large pulmonary nodules were noted in chest radiographs resembling mediastinal lymph node metastasis.Second surgery and chemotherapy was rejected by the owner due to grave prognosis of the patient.The animal was died 45 days later due to respiratory complications.Tumors of apocrine sweat glands are relatively uncommon in dogs whereas apocrine gland adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis is extremely rare.

Sweat detection theory and fluid driven methods: A review

In recent years, analyses of sweat have become more popular since it doesn't require invasive sampling procedures. Although blood still remains the golden standards in clinical, analyses of other common body fluids,such as sweat, have become increasingly important. Because the compositions of sweat and blood are osmotically related, the content of certain metabolites in sweat can directly reflect the disease. Sweat detection can be used as an alternative to blood detection and allows continuous monitoring. Increased development of wearable sensors makes it possible for continuous sweat detection. Here, this paper gave a review about the sweat detection methods, such as fluorescence sensing, electrochemical sensing and colorimetric sensing. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and their developing trend in sweat detection were summarized. Then, for the problem of continuous sweat sampling, three methods(capillary force, hydrogel osmotic pump, evaporationdriven micropump) were introduced through different structures of microfluidic chip, and the level of sweat collection and transport achieved by related research was demonstrated. This review aims to provide guidance for future research in sweat detection and stimulate further interest in continuous monitoring of sweat using microfluidic chip.

Comparison of the Levels of Five Heavy Metals in Human Urine and Sweat after Strenuous Exercise by ICP-MS

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the levels of trace heavy metals in human urine and sweat, to compare the performance of ICP-MS using three sample processing methods, namely direct dilution, wet digestion, and microwave digestion. The results showed that the wet digestion ICP-MS method has the highest accuracy (relative standard deviation ≤10%) and is more useful for measuring the levels of trace heavy metals in urine and sweat. Hence, we used this method to compare the levels of the five trace heavy metals, namely chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead, in the urine and sweat of adults after strenuous exercise. The results showed that the levels of these five trace heavy metals in sweat were significantly higher than those in urine after strenuous exercise (The differences between the measurements in urine and those in sweat were significant P ≤ 0.01). The results suggested that exercise-induced sweating can effectively remove the harmful heavy metals from the human body.

航空公司预付卡系统设计与实现

以航空公司预付卡系统项目的开发为背景,根据航空公司预付卡业务的实际需求,基于J2EE框架结构完成了整个航空公司预付卡系统的设计与实现,着重对系统所使用的关键技术、接口设计、非功能设计特别是安全性设计进行了分析。航空公司预付卡系统的实际应用表明,该系统达到了设计目标,并成功的实施与运行,对航空公司预付卡业务开展起到了积极的推动作用,对企业开发类似信息系统具有一定的借鉴意义。