The Sweatshop Workers of Nicaragua： Subjectivity, Labor, and Domination

This essay is based on an approach that addresses the relationship between work-related domination and the subjects who are submitted to it. This reflection arises from research undertaken in Nicaragua, among workers from the international textile factories known as maquiladoras （or maquilas）. Men, but mostly young women, work and live here under particularly difficult conditions. The constraints of work and domination invade the recesses of their existence, and their power is such that it seems to annul any proper subjectivity. Although it may seem easy to locate the effects of work-related domination in the very intimacy of the subjects＇ lives, it also appears as if part of themselves remains unsubdued. Dominated subjectivities can only rebel for failing to do it would be to condemn their beings to inexistence. What sense can be given to this gap in domination？ Does it preserve the domination by preserving the subjects from the invasion in their own beings by this very domination？ Is it only a resource of the submission？ Those are, between domination and subjectivity, some of the aroused interrogations.

社会认证:劳工权利监管的政策工具创新——以苹果公司供应链企业审核为例

社会认证是西方国家反血汗工厂运动的一个重要政策工具。在买家主导的全球供应链体系下,区别于传统的国家立法和工会团结两种保护工具,社会认证模式基于消费者的良心选择,以点名和羞辱为斗争策略对跨国品牌商进行监督。学术界和劳工实践界对社会认证监管模式的批评在于它是品牌公司的公关行为,是基于消费者和市场压力下品牌公司的道德重构运动。论文基于苹果公司的社会责任报告文本,分析认证体系对劳工权益保护的促进作用,并回应海内外学者对认证监管模式的质疑。论文认为,社会认证作为一种全新的政策工具,在中国的发展是一个嵌入性的过程,认证监管填补了传统国家和政府监管的空白,它与中国的立法进步、政府行政力量的加强以及工会的倒逼转型和NGO的成长是一个相互促进的过程。

西方反对血汗工厂运动对中国构建和谐社会的启示

西方反对血汗工厂运动给中国构建和谐社会的启示是:塑造中国媒体敢于直面问题的媒体形象,形成全社会关注"血汗工厂"问题的舆论氛围。政府要在全社会开展"绿色生产链"行动,强化对公司责任的监管力度。中国的企业要打造公司责任"软实力"以获取这张继续参与当今经济全球化的门票。要练好内功,深化企业责任的本土化实践。要着眼长远,有步骤地引导中国公司逐步与现行国际规则接轨,坚决支持条件成熟的公司"走出去"。