Swelling Index of Glutenin (SIG) Related to Protein Quality, DoughCharacters and Noodle Quality

The swelling index of glutenin (SIG) and the protein fraction of 25 Chinese wheat varieties were studied with new protein fractions extracting method. The protein fractions compose of monomeric protein, soluble glutenin and insoluble glutenin. The relations between other protein index, dough character, and fresh noodle quality were also discussed. The SIG results at different time is positively and highly significantly related to the insoluble glutenin content (r= 0.808 -0.867, P< 0.01). The SIG result can reflect the insoluble glutenin content. The protein content, gluten index, farinograph stability time, extensibility length and extensigram energy were positively and significantly correlated with SIG5 and SIG20 (r= 0.516 - 0.734, P<0.05, 0.01).SIG proved to be applicable in Chinese wheat dough evaluation. Fresh noodle making quality parameters were evaluated by fresh noodle length, thickness, maximum resistance to extension, extension area and extension distance, while cooked noodle texture was determined by cutting firmness, compression recovery, surface firmness and TPA by using a texture analyzer of TA.XT2i. The noodle cooking quality was significantly correlated with SIG value. The surface firmness and cutting firmness were more desirable for predicating the quality difference than TPA test and compression. Cooking loss and water absorption were negatively related to SIG value and insoluble content (r = -0.556 - - 0.787, P < 0.05, 0.01). The results showed that SIG test was also suitable in evaluating noodle making and cooking quality in very small sample size, which was very important in wheat breeding programs. Therefore, SIG test, as a small scale test, is suitable to evaluate dough rheological properties for Chinese wheat varieties, and will be helpful in cereal research and wheat breeding program, especially, in early generations.

侵蚀性淋滤液作用下HPMC改性膨润土的防渗性能

使用羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)对天然钠基膨润土进行改性,以提高其对侵蚀性淋滤液的防渗性能.开展渗透试验和膨胀指数试验,以5000mg/L的Cu SO_(4)和0.5mol/L的H_(2)SO_(4)模拟侵蚀性淋滤液,研究侵蚀性溶液对HPMC改性膨润土的渗透系数和膨胀指数的影响.渗透试验结果表明:CuSO_(4)溶液作用下,添加2%和5%的HPMC可使膨润土的渗透系数降低32.28%~77.40%;而H_(2)SO_(4)溶液作用下,添加2%和5%的HPMC可使膨润土的渗透系数降低73.42%~92.83%.膨胀指数试验结果显示,添加2%的HPMC无法提高膨润土在侵蚀溶液中的膨胀指数,但添加5%的HPMC可使膨润土在侵蚀性溶液中的膨胀指数增大2倍左右.HPMC改性可以显著增强膨润土对侵蚀性溶液的防渗性能.孔隙填充是膨润土防渗性能增强的主要机制.

犀角地黄汤治疗五步蛇咬伤的临床效果

目的探讨犀角地黄汤治疗五步蛇咬伤的临床效果。方法选择2020年1月至2023年6月在我院治疗的五步蛇咬伤患者86例作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组给予基础治疗及抗蛇毒血清治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予犀角地黄汤治疗。观察比较两组患者的临床疗效、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、白细胞(WBC)计数、肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a)、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、患肢与健肢周径差、患肢疼痛程度评分及肿胀缓解时间。结果观察组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的FIB、TT、APTT、PT、WBC、TNF-a、hs-CRP、患肢与健肢周径差及患肢疼痛程度评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组治疗后的FIB高于对照组,TT、APTT、PT均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的WBC、TNF-a、hs-CRP、患肢与健肢周径差、患肢疼痛程度评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论犀角地黄汤治疗五步蛇咬伤可有效缓解患肢肿胀、疼痛程度,减轻炎症反应,改善凝血功能指标,值得临床应用。

考虑非饱和土基质吸力-回弹指数相关性的弹塑性本构模型及有限元实现

非饱和土压缩指数受基质吸力影响明显,回弹指数是土的临界状态本构模型中的重要变形参数。但在本构模型理论研究中,回弹指数随基质吸力的变化影响往往被忽略。为解决这一矛盾,以杭州地区重塑粉土为试样,使用GDS非饱和直剪系统的竖向加载功能,对试样进行50、100、200 kPa 3种定吸力条件下一维固结回弹试验,获取不同基质吸力非饱和回弹指数κ(s),并拟合得到κ(s)函数关系,对比已有试验研究,验证了拟合结果的合理性。进而将κ(s)表达式引入非饱和土扩展剑桥弹塑性本构模型,形成一种考虑回弹指数随基质吸力变化的非饱和土弹塑性本构模型。应用子增量步显示积分算法将该模型编辑成ABAQUS有限元UMAT子程序,最后基于ABAQUS有限元平台结合自编UMAT子程序进行固结回弹数值试验,模拟实际试验过程,对比两者试验结果,验证了该UMAT子程序的正确性。实现了一种考虑回弹指数随基质吸力变化的非饱和土弹塑性本构模型的数值化,为其进一步应用建立基础。

The long-term trend of the sea surface wind speed and the wave height (wind wave, swell, mixed wave) in global ocean during the last 44 a

Utilizing the 45 a European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） reanalysis wave da- ta （ERA-40）, the long-term trend of the sea surface wind speed and （wind wave, swell, mixed wave） wave height in the global ocean at grid point 1.5°× 1.5° during the last 44 a is analyzed. It is discovered that a ma- jority of global ocean swell wave height exhibits a significant linear increasing trend （2-8 cm/decade）, the distribution of annual linear trend of the significant wave height （SWH） has good consistency with that of the swell wave height. The sea surface wind speed shows an annually linear increasing trend mainly con- centrated in the most waters of Southern Hemisphere westerlies, high latitude of the North Pacific, Indian Ocean north of 30°S, the waters near the western equatorial Pacific and low latitudes of the Atlantic waters, and the annually linear decreasing mainly in central and eastern equator of the Pacific, Juan. Fernandez Archipelago, the waters near South Georgia Island in the Atlantic waters. The linear variational distribution characteristic of the wind wave height is similar to that of the sea surface wind speed. Another find is that the swell is dominant in the mixed wave, the swell index in the central ocean is generally greater than that in the offshore, and the swell index in the eastern ocean coast is greater than that in the western ocean inshore, and in year-round hemisphere westerlies the swell index is relatively low.

太平洋涌浪池年际变化与成因研究

使用ERA5再分析数据和涌浪指标研究了太平洋、大西洋和印度洋低纬度海域的涌浪池,分析了太平洋涌浪池的形成来源,结果表明:太平洋涌浪池的东南部分是由南太平洋的波浪北传形成;西北部分涌浪池是由北太平洋的波浪南传形成;而涌浪池中部是由二者共同影响的。太平洋涌浪池面积在冬季(12月至翌年2月)较大,夏季(6月至8月)较小。处于冬季半球的涌浪可以传播得更远并越过赤道,停留在冬季半球低纬海域的涌浪减少,同时冬季半球的风浪全年最强,导致该半球太平洋的涌浪池面积减小;处于夏季半球的涌浪传播距离较小,因此涌浪会“堆积”在该半球低纬海域,同时夏季半球的风浪全年最弱,导致该半球太平洋的涌浪池面积增大。涌浪池所在海域的风场强度较弱,风浪较小,为涌浪在低纬的优势创造了有利条件。厄尔尼诺或拉尼娜发生时,会分别加强或削弱传到太平洋低纬地区的涌浪,从而影响涌浪池的空间分布。涌浪池时空变化的分析对涌浪的大尺度传播研究具有重要意义。

Analysis of the Global Swell Distributions Using ECMWF Re-Analyses Wind Wave Data

The existence of three well-defined tongue-shaped zones of swell dominance,termed as 'swell pools',in the Pacific,the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans,was reported by Chen et al.(2002)using satellite data.In this paper,the ECMWF Re-analyses wind wave data,including wind speed,significant wave height,averaged wave period and direction,are applied to verify the existence of these swell pools.The swell indices calculated from wave height,wave age and correlation coefficient are used to identify swell events.The wave age swell index can be more appropriately related to physical processes compared to the other two swell indices.Based on the ECMWF data the swell pools in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans are confirmed,but the expected swell pool in the Indian Ocean is not pronounced.The seasonal variations of global and hemispherical swell indices are investigated,and the argument that swells in the pools seemed to originate mostly from the winter hemisphere is supported by the seasonal variation of the averaged wave direction.The northward bending of the swell pools in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans in summer is not revealed by the ECMWF data.The swell pool in the Indian Ocean and the summer northward bending of the swell pools in the Pacific and the Atlan-tic Oceans need to be further verified by other datasets.

Study of Mutual Improvement of Completed Weathered Phyllite and Red Clay Based on Neutralization Effects of Swelling and Shrinkage Deformation

Completely weathered phyllite(CWP)soil is a kind of special soil with high swell potential,while red clay is a special soil with high shrinkage.This means that these two kinds of special soils are usually not suitable for direct use as subgrade fill.To reduce the swell index of the CWP soil and the shrinkage of red clay at the same time,it was proposed to blend the CWP soil with red clay to improve their basic characteristics.A series of swell index tests and dry-wet cycle tests of the blended soils have been carried out at varying blending ratios,compaction coefficients and moisture contents.The test results show that the free swell index of the blended soil decreases with the increase of red clay,moisture content and compaction coefficient,respectively.The fissure density of the blended soil first decreases and then increases with the blending ratio,with the lowest being zero when the blending ratio is ranging from 20%to 40%.Through particle microscopic analysis and elemental composition analysis,it is found that the neutralization effect,the dilution effect of swell minerals,and the partition effect of coarse particles play an important role in restraining expansion and shrinkage deformation of the blended soil.Based on the liquid limit requirement of Chinese Railway Design Code(TB 10001-2016),the optimal blending ratio of red clay has been proposed to be 50%.Compared with the CWP soil,the free load swell index of the blended soil is reduced by 45.0%and the fissure density is reduced by 99.3%compared with that of red clay.Therefore,it is feasible to improve the CWP soil by blending it with red clay at an optimal ratio of 50%by using the neutralization effect of the expansion of CWP and shrinkage of red clay.

Swelling characteristics of East-Africa black cotton soil based on computer molecular simulation

Black cotton soil in East Africa is not a stable engineering material for highway and railroad projects. Its strong swelling potential when it absorbs water causes distresses in subgrade of highway and railroad, and thus leads to failures of the projects. This paper presents study on the swelling characteristics of black cotton soil in East Africa. Lab tests were conducted to obtain its basic engineering properties, and the results show that black cotton soil contains high amount of montmorillonite and exchangeable cations and is strong expansive soil. Molecular modelling was exploited to further investigate water absorption ability of montmorillonite. Three different molecular models of montmorillonite were constructed and used for simulations, among which Types I and II montmorillonite represent the expansive soil montmorillonite in China, and Types II and III montmorillonite represent black cotton soil montmorillonite in East Africa. The results showed that the interlayer cations of Type III montmorillonite possessed the strongest water absorption ability based on analysis of radial distribution function(RDF) of cations. Interlayer compensatory cations of Na+ enhance the hydration ability of the other major cations, thus resulting in the strong swelling potential of East-Africa black cotton soil.

自制筋伤膏对胫腓骨闭合性骨折围手术期患者的疗效观察

目的:本文旨在自制筋伤膏对胫腓骨闭合性骨折围手术期患者的疗效观察。。方法:选取酒泉市中医医院骨科2016年3月至2022年1月间确诊并收治的胫腓骨闭合性骨折围手术期患者,随机分为治疗实验组和对照组,各50例。将患者分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用筋伤膏外敷和甘露醇静脉滴注的围手术期治疗。而对照组患者接受常规治疗方法等。结果:治疗实验组术前疼痛评分、术后疼痛评分、随访期间疼痛评分、患肢周长(cm)、皮肤颜色变化、肿胀程度、活动范围、肌力(/Ⅵ级)、步态、Lequesne指数(Lequesne’s Index of Osteoarthritis,LIOA)、WOMAC指数(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,WOMAC)优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用筋伤膏外敷和甘露醇静脉滴注的围手术期治疗对胫腓骨远端闭合性骨折患者具有较好的临床应用效果。这种方法可以有效缓解术前和术后的疼痛,减轻肿胀,促进伤口愈合,改善患肢功能,提高患者的生活质量。

Effect of B2O3 addition on oxidation induration and reduction swelling behavior of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets with simulated coke oven gas

The oxidation induration and reduction swelling behavior of the chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets (CVTP) with B2O3 addition were investigated. Besides, the reduction swelling index (RSI) and compressive strength (CS) of the reduced CVTP were also examined using the simulated coke oven gas (COG). The results suggested that the CS of CVTP was increased from 2448 to 3819.2 N, while the porosity of CVTP was decreased from 14.86% to 10.03% with the increase in B2O3 addition amounts. Moreover, the B2O3 mainly existed in the forms of TiB0.024O2 and Fe3BO5 in both CVTP and the reduced CVTP. Specifically, the CS of the reduced CVTP was elevated from 901 to 956.2 N, while the RSI was reduced from 5.87% to 3.81% as the B2O3 addition amounts were increased. Taken together, B2O3 addition would facilitate the aggregation and diffusion of metallic iron particles, which contributed to reducing the formation of metal iron whiskers and weakening the reduction swelling behavior.

Effect of dolomite on reduction swelling property of iron ore pellets

The effect of various dosages of dolomites on the reduction swelling property of iron ore pellets was studied. Experimental results show that the reduction swelling index(RSI) decreases from 13.35% to 4.0%, while the porosity of roasted pellets increases from 35% to 40% with increasing the dolomite dosage from 0 to 10.5%. Meanwhile, the content of magnesium ferrite with high melting temperature, as well as the stability of magnetite(Fe3 O4) in the roasted pellets, increases with increasing the magnesium oxide(MgO) content from dolomite. The reasons for the decrease of RSI rely on the absence of crystal transformation from Fe2 O3 to Fe3 O4, the increased porosity of roasted pellet, and the suppression of phase transition of 2CaO·SiO2 resulted from the incorporation of magnesium into calcium silicate.

Diffusion Characteristics of Swells in the North Indian Ocean

Research on the diffusion characteristics of swells contributes positively to wave energy forecasting, swell monitoring, and early warning. In this work, the South Indian Ocean westerly index(SIWI) and Indian Ocean swell diffusion effect index(IOSDEI) are defined on the basis of the 45-year(September 1957–August 2002) ERA-40 wave reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) to analyze the impact of the South Indian Ocean westerlies on the propagation of swell acreage. The following results were obtained: 1) The South Indian Ocean swell mainly propagates from southwest to northeast. The swell also spreads to the Arabian Sea upon reaching low-latitude waters. The 2.0-meter contour of the swell can reach northward to Sri Lankan waters. 2) The size of the IOSDEI is determined by the SIWI strength. The IOSDEI requires approximately 2–3.5 days to fully respond to the SIWI. The correlations between SIWI and IOSDEI show obvious seasonal differences, with the highest correlations found in December–January–February(DJF) and the lowest correlations observed in June–July–August(JJA). 3) The SIWI and IOSDEI have a common period of approximately 1 week in JJA and DJF. The SIWI leads by approximately 2–3 days in this common period.

Impact of Swelling Indices of Sokoto Clays on the Moulding Properties of the Clays in Sand Mixtures

The Impact of Swelling Indices of Sokoto Clays on the Moulding Properties of the Clays in Sand Mixtures was investi- gated. Four clays (labeled A, B, C, D) from different locations in Sokoto state of Nigeria were sampled. The sampling method was that for each deposit five samples were taken at different positions and then mixed together. At the labora- tory they were washed to remove organic matter and then dried at 110°C in the oven. A laboratory ball mill was used to grind the dried clays. Each of the clay was then sampled for the determination of its swelling index. The determination of the moulding properties of the clays then followed. Only green compression strength, dry compression strength and green permeability, moulding properties were determined. The analysis of the result revealed that clay B has the highest green and dry strength values it had the highest green compression strength of 71.7 KN/m2 and the highest dry com- pression strength of 3225.75 KN/m2. Clay B also has the highest swelling index of 60% and very high degree of expan- siveness when compared to the other three clays. Clay B was followed by clay A with swelling index of 25%;the clay has high green and dry compression strength and a moderate degree of expansiveness. The inability of clay D with swelling index of 40% to be the next clay to clay B which has the highest swelling index of 60% among the four clays in terms of good moulding properties is an indication that high swelling index does not always mean good moulding properties in clay binders.

Swelling behavior of hot preheated pellets in reduction roasting process

One kind of facile coal-based direct reduction process is using hot preheated pellets for reduction in grate kiln. In this work, effects of reduction parameters on swelling index of hot preheated pellets were investigated by photographic technique under isothermal conditions. Experimental results show that swelling index of pellets is firstly increased then gradually decreased with increasing reduction time, while that is found to be an obvious decrease from 175 % to 30% with the variation of temperature from 900℃ to 1100℃. Results of XRD combined with SEM reveal that swelling behavior of pellets is decided by structure of newly formed metal iron grains. The formation and growth of fibers iron grains promote the increase in volume. Low temperature and low CO content are favored to the formation and orientated growth of metal iron grains in the one step process.

7种重塑黏土的一维压缩-卸荷行为

重塑黏土的一维压缩-卸荷行为是黏土最基本的力学特征。为此,开展系统的7种重塑黏土一维压缩-卸荷试验与相应物理化学性质指标及矿物成分测试,在此基础上,评价黏土压缩-卸荷行为经典预测公式的适用性。结论如下:(1)4个经典压缩指数公式预测效果均较好,其中Nagaraj公式最优。(2)7种重塑黏土孔隙比指数-有效一维固结压力关系与Burland固有压缩线经验公式几乎重合。(3)Nagaraj、Burland一维压缩曲线方程预测效果均较好,其中Burland方程更优。(4)Nagaraj、Kulhawy回弹指数公式预测效果均较好,其中Kulhawy公式更优。(5)压缩指数、回弹指数与比表面积、阳离子交换量均有很强的相关性,且与比表面积的相关性强于与阳离子交换量的相关性。(6)压缩指数与回弹指数比值最低为3.0,最高为10.2,超出了5~10的范围,且随塑性增大而降低。

干湿循环作用下红砂岩崩解的影响因素研究

红砂岩广泛分布于我国南方地区,因强度低、胶结程度差,且含有一定的膨胀性黏土矿物,此类岩石受水影响易发生崩解,从而易诱发多种地质灾害。选取湖南株洲地区的微膨胀红砂岩进行静态与扰动崩解试验,采用耐崩解性指数、标准基础熵、崩解比和分形维数等作为评价红砂岩崩解特性指标,探讨了烘干温度、试块质量、外界扰动和干湿循环作用等因素对红砂岩崩解特性的影响。研究结果表明,静态崩解方式下,相比于105℃和30℃,60℃的烘干温度更利于岩样崩解。而扰动崩解下,烘干温度对红砂岩崩解的影响几乎可以忽略不计。在烘干温度、试块质量等因素不变的情况下,外界扰动对红砂岩崩解特性存在显著影响。试块质量对红砂岩崩解特性存在一定的影响,试块质量越大,红砂岩崩解速率越快。干湿循环作用对红砂岩崩解的影响十分显著,随着循环次数增加,红砂岩的崩解破碎程度逐渐加大。

氯盐溶液对钠基膨润土垫层膨胀性能的影响

在废弃物渗透液中,复杂的化学物质能影响钠基膨润土垫层的吸水膨胀性能,研究不同价态及浓度的氯盐溶液对膨润土膨胀指数的影响,探究pH值及温度对膨润土膨胀性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对氯盐溶液处理后的膨润土进行表征分析。试验结果表明,高价态高浓度的氯盐溶液对膨润土的膨胀性能起抑制作用,膨胀指数最低为5 mL/2 g;单价态低浓度的NaCl溶液对膨润土的膨胀性能起促进作用,膨胀指数最高达到56 mL/2 g。XRD测试表明,氯盐溶液处理后的膨润土层间距由12.512A下降到11.856A;SEM测试分析发现,高价态氯盐溶液中的膨润土形貌由规则鳞片状转化为无规则絮凝状。在氯盐溶液浓度为0.04 mol/L、pH值为9及温度为90℃的条件下,膨胀指数提升近50%。在0.01 mol/L NaCl溶液、0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液和0.01 mol/L CaCl_(2)溶液中,膨润土吸水膨胀过程中凝胶态部分符合Fickian扩散模型,表明溶液水分子扩散速率小于膨润土凝胶态部分松弛速率。其他浓度氯盐溶液中,膨润土吸水膨胀过程中凝胶态部分符合non-Fickian溶胀过程,溶液水分子扩散速率与膨润土凝胶态部分松弛速率大致相同。

苯酚作用下有机改性膨润土化学相容性试验研究

季铵盐阳离子改性膨润土阻控有机污染物能力强,对水和无机盐溶液防渗性能不足。膨润土经亲水性有机聚合物改性,在无机盐溶液作用下渗透系数显著降低。为提升膨润土系竖向阻隔屏障对含有机物地下水污染羽的防渗性能,综合这两类膨润土有机改性的优势,采用季铵盐阳离子与亲水性有机聚合物共同改性膨润土。通过膨胀指数和改进滤失试验,对比十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和羧甲基纤维素钠(CTMAB-CMC)共同改性膨润土、CMC改性膨润土和未改性膨润土的化学相容性。试验结果表明,相同条件下CMC改性膨润土膨胀和防渗性能相对最优,而CTMAB-CMC改性则有效削弱苯酚溶液对膨胀指数和渗透系数的影响程度。综合特征官能团和黏土矿物(001)面特征衍射峰分析,CTMAB阳离子对苯酚的分配作用是改性膨润土化学相容性增强的主因。透射电子显微镜观测显示,苯酚溶液未显著影响改变两种改性膨润土的微观结构,CTMAB-CMC改性膨润土分散程度优于CMC改性膨润土。

正念身体扫描法联合肢体康复指导应用于类风湿关节炎患者的效果

目的探究正念身体扫描法联合肢体康复指导应用于类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者的效果。方法选取于2020年3月至2022年5月收治入许昌市中心医院风湿免疫科的90例RA患者,根据随机数字表分为对照组和试验组,各45例。对照组给予常规护理,试验组在常规护理的基础上给予正念身体扫描法联合肢体康复指导。两组患者接受治疗后,对比组间的晨僵时间、关节压痛指数、关节肿胀指数、情绪状态量表(profile of mood states,POMS)评分以及患者满意度。结果治疗前,试验组与对照组患者的晨僵时间、关节压痛指数及关节肿胀指数对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经过治疗后,试验组患者的晨僵时间、关节压痛指数及关节肿胀指数显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗前,试验组与对照组POMS评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后,试验组POMS的紧张、愤怒、慌乱、抑郁及疲劳评分明显低于对照组(P<0.001),试验组POMS的精力和自尊感评分显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗后,试验组总满意度95.56%明显高于对照组的82.22%(P<0.05)。结论正念身体扫描法联合肢体康复指导应用于类风湿关节炎,可有效改善患者不良的心境状态,可缓解患者关节肿胀、关节疼痛程度,可缩短患者的晨僵时间,从而提高患者对护理的满意度及促进患者康复。