African swine fever(ASF),caused by the ASF virus(ASFV),is an acute,severe,and highly contagious infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars.Domestic pigs infected with a virulent ASFV strain can have morbidity ...African swine fever(ASF),caused by the ASF virus(ASFV),is an acute,severe,and highly contagious infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars.Domestic pigs infected with a virulent ASFV strain can have morbidity and mortality rates of up to 100%.The epidemic of ASF has caused serious economic losses to the global pig industry.Currently,there is no safe and efective vaccine or specifc drug for treating ASF.Therefore,ASFV still poses a great threat to pig factories.ASFV is a double-stranded DNA virus with a complex icosahedral multilayer structure.The ASFV genome contains 150-170 open reading frames(ORFs)that encode 150-200 proteins.Some ASFV-encoded proteins are involved in virus invasion,genome replication,DNA repair,and virion formation.Some ASFV proteins execute immunomodulatory functions by regulating the host antiviral innate immune response.Accumulating studies have shown that the immunomodulatory functions of ASFV genes are closely related to the virulence and pathogenicity of ASFV isolates.This review summarizes the research advances on ASFV immune evasion mechanisms in African swine fever patients and provides new insights for developing attenuated live vaccine candidates to prevent and control ASF.展开更多
African swine fever virus(ASFV)is an important pathogen causing acute infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars that seriously endangers the global swine industry.As ASFV is structurally complex and encodes a...African swine fever virus(ASFV)is an important pathogen causing acute infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars that seriously endangers the global swine industry.As ASFV is structurally complex and encodes a large number of functional proteins,no effective vaccine has been developed to date.Thus,dissecting the mechanisms of immune escape induced by ASFV proteins is crucial.A previous study showed that the ASFV-encoded protein is an important factor in host immunity.In this study,we identified a negative regulator,MGF505-3R,that significantly downregulated cGAS/STING-and poly(dG:dC)-mediated IFN-βand interferon stimulation response element(ISRE)reporter activity and suppressed IFNB1 and IFIT2 mRNA levels.In addition,TBK1,IRF3 and IκBαphosphorylation levels were also inhibited.Mechanistically,MGF505-3R interacted with cGAS/TBK1/IRF3 and targeted TBK1 for degradation,thereby disrupting the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-βsignaling pathway,which appears to be highly correlated with autophagy.Knockdown MGF505-3R expression enhanced IFN-βand IL-1βproduction.Taken together,our study revealed a negative regulatory mechanism involving the MGF505-3R-cGAS-STING axis and provided insights into an evasion strategy employed by ASFV that involves autophagy and innate signaling pathways.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to formulate classical swine fever( CSF) immunization procedures in large-scale pig farms. [Method] Antibody maintenance time and dynamics of material antibody was detected by enzyme-linked i...[Objective] The paper was to formulate classical swine fever( CSF) immunization procedures in large-scale pig farms. [Method] Antibody maintenance time and dynamics of material antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA),and scientific primary immunization time of piglets was explored. [Result] The positive rate of sows reached the highest level of 93% at 4 weeks post immunization. Piglets were immunized at 9 weeks of age,the antibody level did not increase at 3 weeks post immunization,but increased rapidly after secondary immunization; the antibody level in late fattening period was high,and pigs could be protected completely. [Conclusion]General prevention of CSF is suitable for scale farming. It takes about 4 weeks to produce CSF antibody. Therefore,pig farms should conduct immunization timely at one month prior to susceptible stage according to their infection pressure.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF)is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality approaching 100%in domestic pigs.ASF is an endemic in countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Now,it has been spreading ...African swine fever(ASF)is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality approaching 100%in domestic pigs.ASF is an endemic in countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Now,it has been spreading to many countries,especially in Asia and Europe.Due to the fact that there is no commercial vaccine available for ASF to provide sustainable prevention,the disease has spread rapidly worldwide and caused great economic losses in swine industry.The knowledge gap of ASF virus(ASFV)pathogenesis and immune evasion is the main factor to limit the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines.Here,we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of how ASFV interferes with the host innate and adaptive immune responses.An in-depth understanding of ASFV immune evasion strategies will provide us with rational design of ASF vaccines.展开更多
Ems is a highly glycosylated envelope protein of classical swine fever virus （CSFV） with RNase ac- tivity. Ems can induce neutralizing antibodies and provide immune protection against CSFV infection. In this study, ...Ems is a highly glycosylated envelope protein of classical swine fever virus （CSFV） with RNase ac- tivity. Ems can induce neutralizing antibodies and provide immune protection against CSFV infection. In this study, the RNase domain of the Ems was produced in Eschenchia coil. Its reactivity with CSFV-positive sera and its ability to induce antibodies and to provide protective immunity were then investigated. The serological tests showed that the prokaryotically expressed RNase domain of the Ems retained its antigenicity and in- duced high titers of humoral responses. However, only partial protection and a limited amount of neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated by an in vitro neutralization test and an immunization/challenge test. The re- sults suggest that other essential factors rather than simply enhancing the immunogenicity of Ems should be taken into consideration when Er＂s is enrolled as one of the components of a candidate vaccine.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1800100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172874 and 31941002).
文摘African swine fever(ASF),caused by the ASF virus(ASFV),is an acute,severe,and highly contagious infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars.Domestic pigs infected with a virulent ASFV strain can have morbidity and mortality rates of up to 100%.The epidemic of ASF has caused serious economic losses to the global pig industry.Currently,there is no safe and efective vaccine or specifc drug for treating ASF.Therefore,ASFV still poses a great threat to pig factories.ASFV is a double-stranded DNA virus with a complex icosahedral multilayer structure.The ASFV genome contains 150-170 open reading frames(ORFs)that encode 150-200 proteins.Some ASFV-encoded proteins are involved in virus invasion,genome replication,DNA repair,and virion formation.Some ASFV proteins execute immunomodulatory functions by regulating the host antiviral innate immune response.Accumulating studies have shown that the immunomodulatory functions of ASFV genes are closely related to the virulence and pathogenicity of ASFV isolates.This review summarizes the research advances on ASFV immune evasion mechanisms in African swine fever patients and provides new insights for developing attenuated live vaccine candidates to prevent and control ASF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31941018,32072888,U21A20261)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-35)+1 种基金Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202102CXJD029,20190301042NY,20200402041NC)Science and Technology Development Program of Changchun City(21ZY42).
文摘African swine fever virus(ASFV)is an important pathogen causing acute infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars that seriously endangers the global swine industry.As ASFV is structurally complex and encodes a large number of functional proteins,no effective vaccine has been developed to date.Thus,dissecting the mechanisms of immune escape induced by ASFV proteins is crucial.A previous study showed that the ASFV-encoded protein is an important factor in host immunity.In this study,we identified a negative regulator,MGF505-3R,that significantly downregulated cGAS/STING-and poly(dG:dC)-mediated IFN-βand interferon stimulation response element(ISRE)reporter activity and suppressed IFNB1 and IFIT2 mRNA levels.In addition,TBK1,IRF3 and IκBαphosphorylation levels were also inhibited.Mechanistically,MGF505-3R interacted with cGAS/TBK1/IRF3 and targeted TBK1 for degradation,thereby disrupting the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-βsignaling pathway,which appears to be highly correlated with autophagy.Knockdown MGF505-3R expression enhanced IFN-βand IL-1βproduction.Taken together,our study revealed a negative regulatory mechanism involving the MGF505-3R-cGAS-STING axis and provided insights into an evasion strategy employed by ASFV that involves autophagy and innate signaling pathways.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to formulate classical swine fever( CSF) immunization procedures in large-scale pig farms. [Method] Antibody maintenance time and dynamics of material antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA),and scientific primary immunization time of piglets was explored. [Result] The positive rate of sows reached the highest level of 93% at 4 weeks post immunization. Piglets were immunized at 9 weeks of age,the antibody level did not increase at 3 weeks post immunization,but increased rapidly after secondary immunization; the antibody level in late fattening period was high,and pigs could be protected completely. [Conclusion]General prevention of CSF is suitable for scale farming. It takes about 4 weeks to produce CSF antibody. Therefore,pig farms should conduct immunization timely at one month prior to susceptible stage according to their infection pressure.
基金This review was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 32172869).
文摘African swine fever(ASF)is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality approaching 100%in domestic pigs.ASF is an endemic in countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Now,it has been spreading to many countries,especially in Asia and Europe.Due to the fact that there is no commercial vaccine available for ASF to provide sustainable prevention,the disease has spread rapidly worldwide and caused great economic losses in swine industry.The knowledge gap of ASF virus(ASFV)pathogenesis and immune evasion is the main factor to limit the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines.Here,we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of how ASFV interferes with the host innate and adaptive immune responses.An in-depth understanding of ASFV immune evasion strategies will provide us with rational design of ASF vaccines.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30221003) and the Beijing Feikai Biotech Ltd
文摘Ems is a highly glycosylated envelope protein of classical swine fever virus （CSFV） with RNase ac- tivity. Ems can induce neutralizing antibodies and provide immune protection against CSFV infection. In this study, the RNase domain of the Ems was produced in Eschenchia coil. Its reactivity with CSFV-positive sera and its ability to induce antibodies and to provide protective immunity were then investigated. The serological tests showed that the prokaryotically expressed RNase domain of the Ems retained its antigenicity and in- duced high titers of humoral responses. However, only partial protection and a limited amount of neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated by an in vitro neutralization test and an immunization/challenge test. The re- sults suggest that other essential factors rather than simply enhancing the immunogenicity of Ems should be taken into consideration when Er＂s is enrolled as one of the components of a candidate vaccine.
