Evaluation of genetic response of mesenchymal stem cells to nanosecond pulsed electric fields by whole transcriptome sequencing

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)modulated by various exogenous signals have been applied extensively in regenerative medicine research.Notably,nanosecond pulsed electric fields(nsPEFs),characterized by short duration and high strength,significantly influence cell phenotypes and regulate MSCs differentiation via multiple pathways.Consequently,we used transcriptomics to study changes in messenger RNA(mRNA),long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),microRNA(miRNA),and circular RNA expression during nsPEFs application.AIM To explore gene expression profiles and potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in MSCs pretreated with nsPEFs.METHODS The impact of nsPEFs on the MSCs transcriptome was investigated through whole transcriptome sequencing.MSCs were pretreated with 5-pulse nsPEFs(100 ns at 10 kV/cm,1 Hz),followed by total RNA isolation.Each transcript was normalized by fragments per kilobase per million.Fold change and difference significance were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to elucidate gene functions,complemented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification.RESULTS In total,263 DEGs were discovered,with 92 upregulated and 171 downregulated.DEGs were predominantly enriched in epithelial cell proliferation,osteoblast differentiation,mesenchymal cell differentiation,nuclear division,and wound healing.Regarding cellular components,DEGs are primarily involved in condensed chromosome,chromosomal region,actin cytoskeleton,and kinetochore.From aspect of molecular functions,DEGs are mainly involved in glycosaminoglycan binding,integrin binding,nuclear steroid receptor activity,cytoskeletal motor activity,and steroid binding.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed targeted transcript regulation.CONCLUSION Our systematic investigation of the wide-ranging transcriptional pattern modulated by nsPEFs revealed the differential expression of 263 mRNAs,2 miRNAs,and 65 lncRNAs.Our study demonstrates that nsPEFs may affect stem cells through several signaling pathways,which are involved in vesicular transport,calcium ion transport,cytoskeleton,and cell differentiation.

A Novel Method of Deinterleaving Radar Pulse Sequences Based on a Modified DBSCAN Algorithm

A modified DBSCAN algorithm is presented for deinterleaving of radar pulses in modern EW environments.A main characteristic of the proposed method is that using only time of arrival of pulses,the method can sort the pulses efficiently.Other PDW information such as rise time,carrier frequency,pulse width,modulation on pulse,fall time and direction of arrival are not required.To identify the valid PRIs in a set of interleaved pulses,an innovative modification of the DBSCAN algorithm is introduced which is accurate and easy to implement.The proposed method determines valid PRIs more accurately and neglects the spurious ones more efficiently as compared to the classical histogram based algorithms such as SDIF.Furthermore,without specifying any input parameter,the proposed method can deinterleave radar pulses while up to 30%jitter is present in the associated PRI.The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by computer simulations and real data results.Experimental simulations are based on different real and operational scenarios where the presence of missing and spurious pulses are also considered.So,the simulation results can be of practical significance.

Dynamic responses under the excitation of pulse sequences

This paper studies the dynamic responses of SDOF system under pulse-dominant excitations.The purpose of the study is to prepare for scrutiny of some near-field pulse-dominantground motions and their potential to cause structural damage.Extending the single pulse dynamics,we consider the effect of pulse sequences.This kind of excitation was particularly obvious in some of previous earthquakes such as Northridge (1994) and Chi-Chi (1995).Based on the duration, peak and rise and decay era of the main pulse as well as its relationship with the predecessor and successor pulses,we propose a classification for the pulse sequences.Consequent studies have been canied out for acceleration,velocity and displacement response spectra of the main pulse with either a predecessor or a successor pulse.The analysis also includes general response behaviors in different fundamental period segments and special aspects of response at certain points (e.g.,the corresponding peak points).

Magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with phase-cycled and short T1 inversion recovery pulse sequence for evaluating brachial plexus injury

There is a large amount of fat in the postganglionic segment of the brachial plexus nerve.The use of short T1 inversion recovery pulse sequence may improve signal strength of the brachial plexus postganglionic segment.The present study revealed that the combination of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with phase-cycled and short T1 inversion recovery pulse sequence clearly displayed the anatomical morphology and structure of the brachial plexus nerve,together with maximum intensity projection,volume rendering and other three-dimensional reconstruction techniques.Our results suggested that this method is also suitable for providing accurate assessment and diagnosis of the site,severity and scope of brachial plexus injury.

Design of control sequence of pulses for the population transfer of high dimensional spin 1/2 quantum systems

On the basis of the relationship between the Hamiltonian of spin 1/2 quantum system under control and the energy level structure and transitions, a radio frequency pulse sequence is designed using intuitive and half counter-intuitive sequences of pulse to transfer the population of the 3-qubit system coherently. The effectiveness of the designed control sequence is verified through the system simulation experiment of the evolution of state. In principle, the design method of the control pulse sequence proposed can be generalized to use in the quantum systems of higher dimension.

An Optimal Sorting of Pulse Amplitude Sequence Based on the Phased Array Radar Beam Tasks

The study of phased array radar( PAR) pulse amplitude sequence characteristics is the key to understand the radar's working state and its beam's scanning manner.According to the principle of antenna pattern formation and the searching and tracking modes of beams,this paper analyzes the characteristics and differences of pulse amplitude sequence when the radar beams work in searching and tracking modes respectively.Then an optimal sorting model of pulse amplitude sequence is established based on least-squares and curve-fitting methods.This method is helpful for acquiring the current working state of the radar and recognizing its instantaneous beam pointing by sorting the pulse amplitude sequence without the necessity to estimate the antenna pattern.

PRI modulation recognition and sequence search under small sample prerequisite

Pulse repetition interval(PRI)modulation recognition and pulse sequence search are significant for effective electronic support measures.In modern electromagnetic environments,different types of inter-pulse slide radars are highly confusing.There are few available training samples in practical situations,which leads to a low recognition accuracy and poor search effect of the pulse sequence.In this paper,an approach based on bi-directional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)networks and the temporal correlation algorithm for PRI modulation recognition and sequence search under the small sample prerequisite is proposed.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can recognize unilinear,bilinear,sawtooth,and sinusoidal PRI modulation types with 91.43% accuracy and complete the pulse sequence search with 30% missing pulses and 50% spurious pulses under the small sample prerequisite.

GROUP CORRELATION PROPERTIES OF THE BINARY SEQUENCE SETS

The group correlation properties of binary sequences is studied, and a conclusion is drawn that not only the group correlation function of a binary sequence itself is ideal, but also some of its subsets, which code length N is even, is ideal. Finally a general formula of the group correlation of a binary sequence set is derived.

Reconstruction of UWB Impulse Train by Parallel Sampling of Cascaded Identical RC Filters

In this framework we present a new method for measurement of the UWB impulse train based on the parallel sampling of the cascaded identical RC filters. We show that the amplitudes and time locations of p sequential impulses can be reconstructed from simultaneous measurement of the outputs from 2p cascaded identical RC filters. The parallel sampling scheme has a wide range of applications including the detection of the ultra wideband (UWB) impulses. Due to identical analog RC filters and buffer amplifiers, the parallel sampling scheme is flexible to implement in VLSI applications.

Assessment the Optimal Effect of Time of Repetition: Extrinsic Pulse Parameter on Gd-DTPA Enhanced, Spin-Echo T1-Weighted MR Images under Low Magnetic Field Strength

The contrast agent concentration, the time of repetition (TR) and magnetic field strength are significant parameters that influence for the accurate signal intensity (SI) in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and refine the dependence and the optimal effect of Time of Repetition (TR) on the relationship between signal intensity and Gd-DTPA (Gadolinium-diethylene-triaminepenta-acetic acid) concentration, after applying two-dimensional (2D) Spin Echo (SE) pulse sequence under low-field MRI. In addition to that, the optimal concentration of Gd-DTPA at given sequence parameters at low-field MRI was also evaluated. A water-filled phantom was constructed for a range of Gd-DTPA concentrations (0 - 6 mmol/L) and the mean signal intensities (SIs) were assessed in the defined region of interest on T1-weighted images with different TR values (40 - 2000 ms). The generated signal-concentration curves for Gd-DTPA revealed that increasing TR was associated with the increase of the overall SIs and the maximum relationship between SI to concentration. Moreover, the required Gd-DTPA concentration to produce the maximum SI was associated to decrease with the increase of TR. In addition to this, the application of beyond 100 ms TR values in this study with relatively higher concentrations (beyond 1 - 2 mmol/L) has resulted predominantly non-linear patterns in the signal-concentration curves and it appears the saturation or decay of the SIs due to T2 effect. From these results, it can be suggested that the selection of relatively lower Gd-DTPA concentration ( mmol/L) with less than 800 ms (<800 ms) TR values can produce a better linear relationship between the concertation and SIs in T1-weighted SE low field contrast-enhanced MRI. Furthermore, this study also outlined the significance and necessity of the optimization of TR in SE sequence in low field MRI prior to a particular examination.

用脉冲星的脉冲序号复现坐标时方法

为实现包括地球和地球以外的时间统一,需要运用相对时间观的两种时间来替代目前时间计量体系中的标准时间,这两种时间分别是:原时和坐标时,其中坐标时可溯源到脉冲星时间基准上。为构建简单的本地轨道参数历表,阐明分层嵌套的空间包含关系,形成时间相对统一的观点。从计量角度,提出了一种脉冲星复现坐标时的理论,运用相对时间观中的时间和空间不可分割观点,归纳了统一时间的广域坐标系所必须具备的基本特征,强调了原点观者的特殊性,提出了基于原点观者的脉冲星脉冲序号和初始历元的定义方法。首先,把一组脉冲星的脉冲序号约定为坐标时基准,用来复现坐标时,约定一组脉冲星的脉冲周期为固定的常数数组,约定后不再测定,常数的单位仍是国际单位制[秒],常数可理解为脉冲序号的坐标时间隔与[秒]之间换算的系数。然后,基于平面电磁波模型,把脉冲星的脉冲电磁波经过原点的时刻与脉冲序号一一对应,于是原点观者的坐标时与连续的脉冲序号成为线性函数关系,最后,分析了脉冲星稳定特点,给出了以一组序号为变量的脉冲星集合稳定性判据。

PSK脉冲编码降低瑞利散射型光纤传感系统相干瑞利噪声的理论和仿真研究

频移平均(Frequency Shift Averaging,FSAV)技术是目前降低相干瑞利噪声(Coherent Rayleigh noise,CRN)的最主要方法,然而其降噪效果会受到频率漂移和脉冲啁啾效应的影响,且不适合应用在高空间分辨率系统中。针对以上问题,提出一种利用相移键控(Phase Shift Keying,PSK)脉冲编码降低CRN的新方法。详细分析了该方法的原理,仿真验证了该方法的有效性和适用性。结果表明:该方法不仅能有效降低CRN,且能在高空间分辨率下完全适用,为基于瑞利散射的高空间分辨率高精度分布式光纤传感系统中CRN的降低提供了新的视角和实用方法。

一种针对驻留转换雷达的信号分选算法

复杂电磁环境下驻留转换雷达的信号分选是制约电子侦察技术发展的瓶颈,由于其复杂多变的成形规律,信号子周期难以被检测;脉冲重复周期调制类型不明,脉冲序列无法成功提取;提取的多个子周期脉冲序列无法合并为一部雷达信号,造成虚警。针对以上问题,提出一种针对驻留转换雷达的信号分选算法,利用双门限提高子周期检测概率,通过霍夫变换结合迭代自组织聚类判断信号是否属于驻留转换雷达,改进搜索算法以提取脉冲序列,依据排列熵指标将多脉冲序列合并为一部驻留转换雷达信号。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法在25%脉冲丢失率的复杂电磁环境下,可以将三部驻留转换雷达信号成功分选。

副溶血性弧菌引起食源性疾病暴发事件调查与病原特征分析

目的调查和分析山西省阳泉市一起食源性疾病暴发事件中副溶血性弧菌的病原特征,提高对食物中毒应急事件的处理能力。方法使用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)、血清学分型、毒力基因检测、药物敏感实验和全基因组测序的方法分析25例有腹泻、腹痛、恶心、呕吐等消化道症状的患者分离出的11株分离菌株。结果11株分离菌株均为副溶血性弧菌,其中8株副溶血性弧菌分离株携带毒力基因tdh,1株同时携带毒力基因trh和tdh,1株只携带毒力基因trh,1株只有毒力基因tlh。血清型分为3种型别,分别是O10:K4、O4:K63以及O5:unknown。根据11株副溶血性弧菌的PFGE图谱将菌株分为5种不同的群,基于全基因组序列的分析显示8株来自患者的副溶血性弧菌具有相同的ST型,属于同一克隆群。副溶血性弧菌病原体毒力、耐药基因和药敏表型相同,符合暴发流行病学特征,判断其为该起食物中毒事件的病原体。11株菌均只含有blaCARB耐药基因,且未检测到耐药质粒,对氯霉素、萘啶酸、四环素、美罗培南、阿米卡星、氨苄西林、厄他培南、替加环素、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和环丙沙星均敏感,对多黏菌素E中度敏感,均无耐药表型。结论这是一起由多种血清型副溶血性弧菌污染了食品而导致的食源性疾病暴发事件。该食堂储存食物时生熟不分,副溶血性弧菌机会性繁殖在合适的含盐食物中也可以增殖,进而引起该起事件发生。

1起ST19型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的食物中毒调查、溯源分析与探讨

目的分析武汉市某区1起食物中毒事件的致病原因,探讨分离菌株之间的分子流行病学关系,为食源性疾病暴发溯源和临床诊治提供参考依据。方法采集食物中毒相关样本20份,提取样本总DNA进行18种食源性致病菌多重PCR检测,同时按时GB4789.4-2016进行病原菌分离鉴定;应用传统玻片凝集法和微量肉汤稀释法对阳性菌株进行血清型分型和耐药性检测,并提取所有菌株核酸进行全基因组测序组装,利用Abricate和SeqSero在线预测每株菌的血清型和耐药基因,然后与传统方法进行比较分析。对分离的9株沙门氏菌分别采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和全基因组序列方法(WGS)递进分析。结果共检出12株沙门氏菌(菌株编号DXH001~DXH012),其中病例肛拭子样本7份、病例粪便样本2份,工作人员肛拭子样本3份。常规血清型分型均为B群鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,与全基因组测序鉴定分型结果一致。12株菌株耐药谱完全一致,对阿米卡星、氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、庆大霉素、哌拉西林、四环素均耐药。基于全基因组预测的氨基糖苷类、头孢菌素、青霉烷、四环素的耐药性与耐药表型结果完全一致。选取DXH001~DXH009开展PFGE和WGS分析。9株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌获得完全一致的PFGE图谱,全基因组序列大小无明显差异,约为4.9 Mbp,MLST型均为ST19。从SNP的最小生成树来看共存在17个变异位点,各菌株间SNP差异数为1~6。全基因组系统发育进化树分析显示,9株沙门氏菌自成一簇,与数据库其他沙门氏菌相差甚远,属于新的克隆分支。同源性最高的来源于江西的GCF_020221795.1参考样本。结论本次食物中毒事件致病源为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ST19,为同一暴发来源。9株沙门氏菌遗传距离较近,但与数据库中其他沙门氏菌遗传距离较远,自成一簇属于新的克隆分支。本研究中沙门氏菌具有多重耐药性,需加强对多重耐多药菌株的监控及抗菌药物使用的监管。

超短基线在低频基阵指向性测量中的应用

随着水声换能器工作频率的降低,实验室空间很难达到自由场和远场测量的要求。而开阔水域的水下环境复杂,基阵很难实现更深层次的吊放,需要安装价格昂贵的吊装平台来获取标准声源与待测基阵之间的相对位姿,效率低且维护成本高。文章采用超短基线定位技术,信号选用线性调频脉冲信号与伪随机编码脉冲信号,并分别基于脉冲压缩法和复相关算法实现距离和相位测量。比对湖上定位精度试验和基阵指向性标定静态试验的结果显示:角度误差为2.5°以内;-6 dB波束宽度在2~10 kHz频率范围内测量误差在5.38%以内。证明超短基线定位在低频基阵指向性标定的可行性。

不同耦合构型多自旋体系单重态制备效率研究

核自旋单重态是一种特殊的量子态,其存在寿命能远长于纵向弛豫时间(T1),能够被用于研究分子之间的慢扩散和慢运动等动力学过程.单重态的制备是其能成功应用的关键.目前文献中报道了多种制备单重态的方法,这些方法主要适用于孤立的两自旋体系,当单重态所涉及的核自旋受到其它自旋的耦合作用时,单重态的制备效率往往会降低.本文以三自旋体系为例,研究了不同耦合构型下单重态的制备效率受非单重态自旋耦合的影响,模拟结果表明当单重态自旋由弱耦合逐渐变为强耦合时,单重态的制备效率会在单重态自旋与非单重态自旋的耦合呈现对称性时保持一定的稳定性,此特性能够为复杂体系中选择合适的自旋制备单重态提供参考.我们利用N-乙酰-L-天门冬氨酸(NAA)分子的三个质子组成的自旋体系实验验证了以上结论,通过调节NAA分子的酸碱度,所选的三自旋体系能从弱耦合向强耦合转变,实验结果表明:当三自旋中单重态自旋处于强耦合时,单重态的制备效率明显高于弱耦合时的效率.

面向高速PAM4有线收发机的自适应和低复杂度最大似然序列检测器

高速串行收发机是中央处理器、网卡和交换机等高性能芯片的关键部件.判决反馈均衡器(decision feedback equalization,DFE)是高速串行收发机的主要判决电路.针对传统DFE在高码间干扰(intersymbol interference,ISI)信道下的高误码率制约串行收发机速率提升的问题,提出一种面向4电平调制(4 pulse amplitude modulation,PAM4)串行收发机的自适应、低复杂度的减状态序列检测器(adaptive reduced-state sequence detector,ARSSD).ARSSD基于最大似然序列检测结构降低检测误码率;结合Viterbi算法和分区算法降低运算复杂度;采用基于迫零算法的ISI参数获取方式实现检测器参数的自适应更新.所提结构最终完成了行为仿真、电路设计以及系统验证.基于模拟前端芯片和现场可编程门阵列电路的实验结果表明,与传统DFE相比,当12~64 Gbps PAM4信号经过−8~−18 dB@16 GHz衰减信道时,32×4路并行ARSSD检测误码率降低2个数量级,与行为仿真结果一致.

基于干扰序列图的无人机定位系统电磁效应分析

无人机定位系统是无人机与外部环境进行信息交互的重要核心模块,同时也为电磁干扰信号提供了耦合路径。围绕无人机定位系统电磁效应分析展开研究,关注未采取电磁加固措施的消费级无人机,基于无人机定位系统内部结构,建立了无人机定位系统的干扰序列图,进而推导出无人机定位系统各模块的瞬态响应函数,基于干扰序列图构建了无人机定位系统物理模型,开展了定位系统电磁效应场路联合分析,仿真分析了定位系统及其敏感单元磁场强度H和磁感应强度B的分布与规律,得到了无人机定位系统的电磁效应分布特征与电磁薄弱环节。仿真结果表明:无人机定位系统电磁薄弱环节在芯片线路连接点处,且随着电磁脉冲干扰时间的增加,电磁效应持续累积且呈现趋势一致的震荡效应。

基于钳位方式切换的Vienna整流器载波断续脉冲宽度调制策略

当Vienna整流器工作在直流电压不平衡条件下时,传统载波断续脉宽调制(carried-based discontinuous pulse-width modulation,CB-DPWM)会增加输入电流谐波和中点电压波动。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于钳位方式切换的CB-DPWM策略。为了减小输入电流谐波,根据变化的电压矢量对子区域和零序分量进行重新划分和计算。据此,建立统一的CB-DPWM调制波,分析可运行区域,得到直流电压不平衡度和可运行区域成反比的结论。结合中点电流分析不同钳位方式对中点电压大小的影响,并根据直流电压不平衡度的大小实时切换钳位方式,从而有效地减小中点电压波动。通过钳位区域判断和优化开关序列,减少切换钳位方式引入的开关动作,提高了Vienna整流器效率。最后,在Vienna整流器实验平台上验证所提策略的有效性。