MEMS Huygens Clock Based on Synchronized Micromechanical Resonators

With the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)oscillators that can be combined with integrated circuits have attracted increasing attention.This study reports a MEMS Huygens clock based on the synchronization principle,comprising two synchronized MEMS oscillators and a frequency compensation system.The MEMS Huygens clock improved shorttime stability,improving the Allan deviation by a factor of 3.73 from 19.3 to 5.17 ppb at 1 s.A frequency compensation system based on the MEMS oscillator’s temperature-frequency characteristics was developed to compensate for the frequency shift of the MEMS Huygens clock by controlling the resonator current.This effectively improved the long-term stability of the oscillator,with the Allan deviation improving by 1.6343105 times to 30.9 ppt at 6000 s.The power consumption for compensating both oscillators simultaneously is only 2.85 mW·℃^(-1).Our comprehensive solution scheme provides a novel and precise engineering solution for achieving high-precision MEMS oscillators and extends synchronization applications in MEMS.

基于术语学视角的体育专有名词翻译研究——从synchronized swimming的更名及汉译谈起

运用术语学理论,在语义分析法的基础上,对synchronized swimming的名称演变及其汉译名称"花样游泳"进行了系统阐释。体育专有名词的翻译应当遵循术语翻译的相关原则,译名应体现概念的系统性以及概念的本质特征。

Pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions

This paper studies pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions. To study a state-feedback pinning-controlled network with N nodes, it first converts the controlled network to an extended network of N＋1 nodes without controls. It is shown that the controlled synchronizability of the given network is determined by the real part of the smallest nonzero eigenvalue of the coupling matrix of its extended network when the synchronized region is unbounded; but it is determined by the ratio of the real parts of the largest and the smallest nonzero eigenvalues of the coupling matrix when the synchronized region is bounded. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the portion of controlled nodes has no critical values when the synchronized region is unbounded, but it has a critical value when the synchronized region is bounded. In the former case, therefore, it is possible to control the network to achieve synchronization by pinning only one node. In the latter case, the network can achieve controlled synchronization only when the portion of controlled nodes is larger than the critical value.

基于Java synchronized同步锁实现线程交互

Java多线程能够提高CPU利用效率,但也容易造成线程不安全、线程死锁等问题。本文详细介绍了Java线程各状态之间的关系及其切换,并用实例展示了使用同步锁synchronized保证同一时刻只有一个线程操作同一资源,使用wait()、notify()切换线程状态保证线程操作的前后顺序实现线程交互。理解Java线程各状态之间的关系及其切换,能帮助用户在使用Java多线程的场景有效避免多线程带来的不安全问题。

Monolithical Integrated CMOS Injected Synchronized Ring

Oscillator IC technique is developed by combining injecting synchronization technique with a ring VCO.Using the technique,a novel 2 488GHz of monolithical integrated injected synchronized ring VCO (ISRVCO) is realized in a standard 0 25μm CMOS process.The ISRVCO is characterized by the following performances: -100dBc /Hz@1MHz at free running frequency,-91 7dBc/Hz@10kHz when injection is locked.With the 3 3V of power supply,the tuning range is 150MHz and the locking range is 100MHz with 50m V p p signal injection.

Taming desynchronized bursting with delays in the Macaque cortical network

Inhibitory coupled bursting Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are considered as constitutive units of the Macaque corti- cal network. In the absence of information transmission delay the bursting activity is desynchronized, giving rise to spatiotemporally disordered dynamics. This paper shows that the introduction of finite delays can lead to the synchro- nization of bursting and thus to the emergence of coherent propagating fronts of excitation in the space-time domain. Moreover, it shows that the type of synchronous bursting is uniquely determined by the delay length, with the transi- tions from one type to the other occurring in a step-like manner depending on the delay. Interestingly, as the delay is tuned close to the transition points, the synchronization deteriorates, which implies the coexistence of different bursting attractors. These phenomena can be observed by different but fixed coupling strengths, thus indicating a new role for information transmission delays in realistic neuronal networks.

CAN-based Synchronized Motion Control for Induction Motors

A control area network （CAN） based multi-motor synchronized motion control system with an advanced synchronized control strategy is proposed. The strategy is to incorporate the adjacent cross-coupling control strategy into the sliding mode control architecture. As illustrated by the four-induction-motor-based experimental results, the multi-motor synchronized motion control system, via the CAN bus, has been successfully implemented. With the employment of the advanced synchronized motion control strategy, the synchronization performance can be significantly improved.

Analysis of a phase synchronized functional network based on the rhythm of brain activities

Rhythm of brain activities represents oscillations of postsynaptic potentials in neocortex, therefore it can serve as an indicator of the brain activity state. In order to check the connectivity of brain rhythm, this paper develops a new method of constructing functional network based on phase synchronization. Electroencephalogram （EEG） data were collected while subjects looking at a green cross in two states, performing an attention task and relaxing with eyes-open. The EEG from these two states was filtered by three band-pass filters to obtain signals of theta （4-7 Hz）, alpha （8-13 Hz） and beta （14-30 Hz） bands. Mean resultant length was used to estimate strength of phase synchronization in three bands to construct networks of both states, and mean degree K and cluster coefficient C of networks were calculated as a function of threshold. The result shows higher cluster coetticient in the attention state than in the eyes-open state in all three bands, suggesting that cluster coefficient reflects brain state. In addition, an obvious fronto-parietal network is found in the attention state, which is a well-known attention network. These results indicate that attention modulates the fronto-parietal connectivity in different modes as compared with the eyes-open state. Taken together this method is an objective and important tool to study the properties of neural networks of brain rhythm,

Taboo Search Algorithm for Item Assignment in Synchronized Zone Automated Order Picking System

The idle time which is part of the order fulfillment time is decided by the number of items in the zone; therefore the item assignment method affects the picking efficiency. Whereas previous studies only focus on the balance of number of kinds of items between different zones but not the number of items and the idle time in each zone. In this paper, an idle factor is proposed to measure the idle time exactly. The idle factor is proven to obey the same vary trend with the idle time, so the object of this problem can be simplified from minimizing idle time to minimizing idle factor. Based on this, the model of item assignment problem in synchronized zone automated order picking system is built. The model is a form of relaxation of parallel machine scheduling problem which had been proven to be NP-complete. To solve the model, a taboo search algorithm is proposed. The main idea of the algorithm is minimizing the greatest idle factor of zones with the 2-exchange algorithm. Finally, the simulation which applies the data collected from a tobacco distribution center is conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The result verifies the model and shows the algorithm can do a steady work to reduce idle time and the idle time can be reduced by 45.63% on average. This research proposed an approach to measure the idle time in synchronized zone automated order picking system. The approach can improve the picking efficiency significantly and can be seen as theoretical basis when optimizing the synchronized automated order picking systems.

Evaluation of Dissolved Organic Carbon Using Synchronized Fluorescence Emission Spectra and Unsupervised Method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The analysis of fluorescence emission, excitation, synchronous or excitation-emission matrix (EEM) have been used to identify the main source or probable contribution of dissolved compounds, such as humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from sewage, but does not quantify. Fluorescence emission is a powerful technique to detect and qualify organic dissolved compounds but fails in quantitative aspects. In this work, we propose an in situ method for direct determination of DOC using synchronous fluorescence spectra with independent component analysis (ICA). Well known standard solutions were used for method development and validation. In this work, we show that it is possible to predict the number of independent contributions using an unsupervised method based on iterative Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (PCA-ICA) approach over combined matrix results. Within these results it’s also possible to see that with a very small amount of independent components it is possible to describe environmental samples of HA, FA and primary productivity (PP).

On the modeling of synchronized flow in cellular automaton models

In this paper, we further analyze our cellular automaton （CA） traffic flow model. By changing some parameters, the characteristics of our model can be significantly varied, ranging from the features of phase transitions to the number of traffic phases. We also review the other CA models based on Kerner＇s three-phase traffic theory. By comparisons, we find that the core concepts for modeling the synchronized flow in these models are similar. Our model can be a good candidate for modeling the synchronized flow, since there is enough flexibility in our framework.

Cascaded ELM-Based Joint Frame Synchronization and Channel Estimation over Rician Fading Channel with Hardware Imperfections

Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless communication systems.Although traditional JFSCE schemes alleviate the influence between FS and CE,they show deficiencies in dealing with hardware imperfection(HI)and deterministic line-of-sight(LOS)path.To tackle this challenge,we proposed a cascaded ELM-based JFSCE to alleviate the influence of HI in the scenario of the Rician fading channel.Specifically,the conventional JFSCE method is first employed to extract the initial features,and thus forms the non-Neural Network(NN)solutions for FS and CE,respectively.Then,the ELMbased networks,named FS-NET and CE-NET,are cascaded to capture the NN solutions of FS and CE.Simulation and analysis results show that,compared with the conventional JFSCE methods,the proposed cascaded ELM-based JFSCE significantly reduces the error probability of FS and the normalized mean square error(NMSE)of CE,even against the impacts of parameter variations.

Characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow

In this paper, the characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow are investigated based on the braking light model. By introducing the energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles, the effects of the maximum velocity, the mixing ratio, and the length of vehicles on the synchronized flow are discussed. It is found that the maximum velocity plays a great role in the synchronized flow in mixed traffic. The energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles in the synchronized flow region are greatly different from those in free flow and a traffic jamming region. When all of vehicles have the same maximum velocity with Vmax 〉 15, the mixed traffic significantly displays synchronized flow, which has been demonstrated by the relation between flow rate and occupancy and estimation of the cross-correlation function. Moreover, the energy dissipation in the synchronized flow region does not increase with occupancy. The distribution of slowdown vehicles shows a changeless platform in the synchronized flow region. This is an interesting phenomenon. It helps to deeply understand the synchronized flow and greatly reduce the energy dissipation of traffic flow.

Design and development of a synchronized operation control system for Thomson scattering diagnostic on J-TEXT

A Thomson scattering diagnostic system is under construction at the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak（J-TEXT）. A 1064 nm Nd：YAG laser with 50 Hz repetition rate is used as the laser source. We have used a software for careful and precise control of the laser through serial communication. A time sequence operating system has been developed to synchronize the laser control and data acquisition system with the central control system（CSS）. The system operates commands from the CSS of J-TEXT and generates triggers for the laser and data acquisition system in the proper sequence. It also measures an asynchronous time value that is needed for accurate time stamping. All functions are served by a field-programmable gate array development platform that is suitable for high-speed data and signal processing applications.Several embedded peripherals, including Ethernet and USB 2.0, provide communication with the CSS and the server.

Synchronized Cycles of Generalized Nicholson-Bailey Model

In this paper, we study a drive-response discrete-time dynamical system which has been coupled using convex functions and we introduce a synchronization threshold which is crucial for the synchronizing procedure. We provide one application of this type of coupling in synchronized cycles of a generalized Nicholson-Bailey model. This model demonstrates a rich cascade of complex dynamics from stable fixed point to periodic orbits, quasi periodic orbits and chaos. We explain how this way of coupling makes these two chaotic systems starting from very different initial conditions, quickly get synchronized. We investigate the qualitative behavior of GNB model and its synchronized model using time series analysis and its long time dynamics by the help of bifurcation diagram.

Synchronized Firing in Coupled Inhomogeneous Excitable Neurons

We study the firing synchronization behavior of the inhomogeneous excitable media. Phase synchronizationof neuron firings is observed with increasing the coupling, while the phases of neurons are different (out-of-phase synchronization). We found the synchronization of bursts can be greatly enhanced by applying an external forcing (in-phasesynchronization). The external forcing can be either a periodic or just homogeneous thermal noise. The mechanismresponsible for this enhancement is discussed.PACS numbers: 05.45.-a, 87.10.

Bistability in Coupled Oscillators Exhibiting Synchronized Dynamics

We report some new results associated with the synchronization behavior of two coupled double-well Duffing oscillators （DDOs）. Some sufficient algebraic criteria for global chaos synchronization of the drive and response DDOs via linear state error feedback control are obtained by means of Lyapunov stability theory. The synchronization is achieved through a bistable state in which a periodic attractor co-exists with a chaotic attractor. Using the linear perturbation analysis, the prevalence of attractors in parameter space and the associated bifurcations are examined. Subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations and abundance of Arnold tongues -- a signature of mode locking phenomenon are found.

The Theory of Coherent Synchronized Reactions: Chemical Interference Logics

Various types of possible interactions between reactions are discussed. Some of them are united by the general idea of chemical reaction interference. The ideas on conjugated reactions are broadened and the determinant formula is deduced;the coherence condition for chemical interference is formulated and associated phase shifts are determined. It is shown how interaction between reactions may be qualitatively and quantitatively assessed and kinetic analysis of complex reactions with under researched mechanisms may be performed with simultaneous consideration of the stationary concentration method. Using particular examples, interference of hydrogen peroxide dissociation and oxidation of substrates is considered. Therefore macrokinetic theory of coherent synchronized reactions is offered.

Efficacy of anti-microbial agents on vaginal microorganisms and reproductive performance of synchronized estrus ewes

Objective:To isolate and identify microflora and fungal species at different phases during estrus synchronization of ewes and estimate their prevalence;compare the effectiveness of antimicrobial administration to intravaginal sponge on the changes in the vaginal micro-organisms and reproductive performance.Methods: Sixty Egyptian ewes were allocated into three equal groups (G: 1, 2 and 3). G1 was inserted with vaginal sponge containing medroxy-progesterone acetate and served as control;without antimicrobial additive. The other two groups were treated as G1, but sponges were previously injected with ciprofloxacin (G2), while sponges of G3 were injected with ciprofloxacin and clotrimazole. Vaginal swabs were collected from each treated ewe, prior sponge insertion, at sponge withdrawal and 48 h later for microbiological investigation and bacterial count. On the day of sponge removal, 300 IU/eCG was administered for each treated ewe. The identified bacterial strains before sponge insertion were tested for sensitivity with antimicrobial disks.Results:Bacterial isolates before sponge insertion were more sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Frequencies of ewes in estrus;the interval from sponge withdrawal to onset estrus and the duration of estrus were statistically similar among treated groups. The pregnancy rate in G2 (100%) was higher than G1 (66.7%) and G3 (82.4%). The total bacterial count before sponge insertion was similar between all treatments and increased significantly in all groups on the day of sponge withdraw. The prevailing bacteria on D0, D14 and 48 h after sponge removal for all treated groups wereStaphylococcus spp. followed byEscherichia coli. Regarding to fungus species, percentages of isolation increased from 5% (before sponge insertion) to 100.00% and 88.89% at sponge withdraw for G1 and G2, respectively. In G3, the fungus was declined from 10% (before sponge insertion) to 5% (at sponge removal).Conclusions:The concomitant treatments by antimicrobial to the vaginal sponge which used for estrus synchronization in ewes can improve reproductive performance.

Noise-Dependent Stability of the Synchronized State in a Coupled System of Active Rotators

We consider a Kuramoto model for the dynamics of an excitable system consisting of two coupled active rotators. Depending on both the coupling strength and the noise, the two rotators can be in a synchronized or desynchronized state. The synchronized state of the system is most stable for intermediate noise intensity in the sense that the coupling strength required to desynchronize the system is maximal at this noise level. We evaluate the phase boundary between synchronized and desynchronized states through numerical and analytical calculations.