The Paralleling of High Power High Frequency Amplifier Based on Synchronous and Asynchronous Control

The vertical position of plasma in the HT-7U Tokamak is inherently unstable. In order to realize active stabilization, the response rate of the high-power high-frequency amplifier feeding the active control coils must be fast enough. This paper analyzes the paralleling scheme of the power amplifier through two kinds of control mode. One is the synchronous control; the other is the asynchronous control. Via the comparison of the two kinds of control mode, both of their characteristics are given in the text. At last, the analyzed result is verified by a small power experiment.

Examinees’Affective Preference for Online Speaking Assessment:Synchronous VS Asynchronous

With technological advancement and the COVID pandemic,online speaking assessment is increasingly used in language teaching.Two modes are developed:online synchronous testing(direct human-to-human interview)and online asynchronous testing(semi-direct human-to-machine interview).Ample literature has explored how each of the two online modes differs from traditional face-to-face speaking assessments.However,few studies have investigated the differences between the two modes,especially in terms of examinees’affective preferences.This study,therefore,compares the extent to which each mode is accepted and favored by test takers and explores why such an affective preference emerges.The participants are 46 college students enrolled in an Elementary Chinese course.They completed a survey that investigates their level of motivation,self-confidence,and anxiety in the two types of online speaking tests.An open-ended question item solicited further explanations from test-takers.Results showed a strong affective preference for synchronous assessment,as manifested by a higher level of motivation and self-confidence and a lower level of anxiety.Possible reasons are discussed based on students’written responses.The study is theoretically significant as it identifies factors on student experience and performance in online speaking assessments.It also provides practical guidance for language teachers in optimizing online oral tests.

Comprehensive Energy-Saving Optimization Model of Asynchronous Motor for Voltage Regulation Based on Static Synchronous Compensator

There are several problems existing in the direct starting of asynchronous motor such as large starting current,reactive power absorption from network side and weak interference-resistance,etc.Aiming at this,a comprehensive energy-saving optimization model of asynchronous motor for voltage regulation based on static synchronous compensator(STATCOM)is put forward.By analyzing the working principle and operation performance of static synchronous compensator regulating voltage,a new energy-efficient optimization method for asynchronous motor is proposed based on the voltage regulator model to achieve soft start,continuous dynamic reactive power compensation and the terminal voltage stability control.The multi-objective optimal operation of asynchronous motor is realized by controlling the inverter to adjust the reactive current dynamically.The strategy reduces the influence of starting current and grid voltage by soft starting,and realizes the function of reactive power compensation and terminal voltage stabilization.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model is verified by the simulation analysis and the results of comparison with the motor started directly.

Asynchronous and Synchronous Communication in College English Writing in Web-based Learning Environment

In web-based learning environment,College English writing has always been a thorny issue.Here both asynchronous and synchronous communications in college English writing mean the new interactive teaching belief. This paper attempts to do the blending of two in the traditional writing learning and teaching in college English in order to promote a more flexible,efficient and interactive learning environment in accordance with students' interests and needs.

Agent-based Collaborative Design Framework Supporting Synchronization and Asynchronization on Internet

On the basis of analysis of the research issues and requirement of collaborative design, we propose the overall framework of agent based collaborative design on Internet. Then, we describe the implementation of synchronous and asynchronous collaborative design process based on standardized design activities under the overall framework. In order to realize design message passing, the DMP Protocol is proposed as well in this paper and described in detail.

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation Part III: Influence on the Torque-speed Characteristic

The harmonics that appear in the squirrel cage asynchronous machine have been discussed in great detail in the literature for a long time. However, the systematization of the phenomenon is still pending, so we made an attempt to fill this gap in the previous parts of our study by elaborating formulas for calculation of parasitic torques. It was a general demand among those who work in this field towards the author to verify his formulas with measurements. In the literature, it seems,only one detailed, purposeful series of measurements has been published so far, the purpose of which was to investigate the effect of the number of rotor slots on the torque-speed characteristic curve of the machine. The main goal of this study is to verify the correctness of the formulas by comparing them with the referred series of measurements. Relying on this, the expected synchronous parasitic torques were developed for the frequently used rotor slot numbers-as a design guide for the engineer.Thus, together with our complete table for radial magnetic pull published in our previous work, the designer has all the principles, data and formulas available for the right number of rotor slots for his given machine and for the drive system. This brings this series of papers to an end.

Asynchronism-synchronism of regional precipitation in South-to-North Water Transfer planned areas

This paper proposes a method on analyzing the asynchronism-synchronism of precipitation of different hydrological regions regarding the S-to-N water transfer areas of eastern China. The general process of the analysis includes three steps. Firstly, we created the rainfall series of the region concerned by calculating the regional average rainfall of the stations in the area with the help of the classical Thiessen Polygon method. Secondly, the standards of assessment indices for wetness or dryness are set according to Gamma distribution function with a certain probability P 37.5% or 62.5% given respectively. Finally, the frequency of nine combinations are counted as the quantitative feature of asynchronism and synchronism in three time scales, that is the yearly, seasonal and monthly scales. The asynchronism-synchronism of two region pairs has been estimated. The results show that the frequency of precipitation asynchronism in 1957–1998 is larger than the synchronism frequency for both the North China-middle and lower Yangtze River pair and for the North China-upper Hanjiang River pair. As for the synchronism phenomena, the frequency of Nd?Sd is rather low. As the combinations that are suitable for water transfers are Nd?Sw, Nn?Sw, Nd?Sn and Nn?Sn, the total frequency of these combinations for North China-middle and lower Yangtze River is 40% on an annual basis, but only 28% in spring when water shortages are most likely to occur. The total frequency of these combinations for North China-upper Hanjiang River is about 24% on an annual basis, but 35% in spring and winter. It should be noted that if future precipitation patterns are similar to that of the period 1957–1998, it is very important to change the natural character of asynchronism-synchronism by enhancing the capability of hydro-projects regulation and improving management of the water transfer project.

Key design parameters and optimum method of medium- and high-velocity synchronous induction coilgun based on orthogonal experimental design

The energy conversion efficiency of a multistage synchronous induction coilgun(MSSICG) has become one of the key factors that restricts its industrialization. To improve the launch efficiency of medium-and high-velocity MSSICG,we propose an optimization design scheme combining orthogonal experimental design(OED) and self-consistent design method in this paper. The OED is introduced to reduce the number of iterations and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. A self-consistent design model is established to overcome a defect that the parameters that need to be optimized will multiply as the number of coil stages increases. The influence of six factors(radial thickness of armature, axial length of armature, axial length of coil, capacitance, wire diameter, and slip speed) on the launch efficiency are then evaluated by range analysis. This work presents a valuable reference for optimizing medium-and high-velocity MSSICG.

Analysis of Asynchronism-Synchronism of Regional Precipitation in Inter-Basin Water Transfer Areas

The local characteristics of multi-dimensional random variables are seldom considered in the general modeling method of multivariate copula.A new modeling method,called pair-copula construction,is introduced to remedy this defect.Different types of copula distribution functions are allowed to be introduced in this method.Correspondingly,the related characteristics of complex multivariate can be described by a cascade of pair-copula acting on two variables at a time.In the analysis of asynchronism-synchronism of regional precipitation in WED interbasin water transfer areas,the pair-copula construction method is compared with the general modeling method of multivariate copula.The results show that the local dependence structure would exist among hydrologic variables even in three-dimensional cases.In this situation,the general modeling method of multivariate copula would face difficulties in fitting distribution.However,the pair-copula construction method could capture the local information of hydrologic variables efficiently by introducing different types of copula distribution functions.Moreover,the compensation capacity of water resources is strong in different hydrological areas of WED water transfer project.The asynchronous frequency of wetness and dryness is 69.64% and the favorable frequency for water transfer is 46.15%.

Upgrade of the Distributed Time-Keeping and Synchronization System for EAST

The distributed time-keeping and synchronization system （DTSS） underwent an upgrade for EAST during the last shutdown. The upgraded DTSS, designed based on PXI bus and reconfigurable I/O devices, synchronizes all other sub-systems by using a reference clock and trigger. It can produce a uniform clock up to 80 MHz, provide a delayed trigger from 1 ms to 6872 s in 1 ms steps with 10 ns accuracy, and acquire the outputs of itself for self-inspection. The new DTSS was successfully applied in the 2012 spring EAST campaign, and has proven to be stable and reliable, giving an effective performance. The system structure and software development will be illustrated in detail in this paper.

O(t^(-β))-SYNCHRONIZATION AND ASYMPTOTIC SYNCHRONIZATION OF DELAYED FRACTIONAL ORDER NEURAL NETWORKS

This article explores the O(t^(-β))synchronization and asymptotic synchronization for fractional order BAM neural networks(FBAMNNs)with discrete delays,distributed delays and non-identical perturbations.By designing a state feedback control law and a new kind of fractional order Lyapunov functional,a new set of algebraic sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the O(t^(-β))Synchronization and asymptotic synchronization of the considered FBAMNNs model;this can easily be evaluated without using a MATLAB LMI control toolbox.Finally,two numerical examples,along with the simulation results,illustrate the correctness and viability of the exhibited synchronization results.

O-Z源逆变器驱动PMSM的改进型FCS-MPC策略

针对O-Z源逆变器驱动永磁同步电机(PMSM)控制系统,在两相旋转坐标系下,提出一种改进型的有限状态控制集模型预测电流控制(FCS-MPC)策略。首先,结合变压器特点和ZSI拓扑结构,设计一种新型O-Z源逆变器(O-ZSI),并利用状态空间平均法建立O-ZSI的动态数学模型;其次,根据O-ZSI侧电容电压闭环以及PMSM系统输出功率前补偿来获得变压器激磁电感电流参考值,其与激磁电感预测电流值构建代价目标函数用来判断是否选取直通(ST)工作状态模式,以实现对O-ZSI直流侧的升压控制;然后,在O-ZSI处于非直通(NST)工作状态模式下,通过PMSM系统的定子电流预测方程来获得O-ZSI交流侧定子电压参考值,并与逆变器的8种开关状态所对应基本定子电压构建含有激磁电感电流项的代价目标函数,选择最佳开关状态来控制PMSM,从而提高PMSM系统的控制性能以及降低在线运算量;最后,仿真结果表明,本文所提控制策略不仅能实现对O-Z源逆变器的升压,而且能使O-ZSI驱动PMSM可靠稳定运行,同时系统具有良好稳态、动态性能。

考虑用电和馈电模式的变流器电驱系统建模与稳定性分析

由大量异步电机驱动设备构成的电力电子化交流配用电系统存在严重的次/超同步振荡问题。电驱系统正常工作时具有用电和馈电2种运行模式,现场振荡现象表明不同的运行模式对系统的稳定性影响也不同。建立了含机侧系统的电驱系统详细阻抗模型,利用阻抗分析法揭示了电驱系统接入电网的次/超同步振荡机理,分析了运行模式、电网强度、控制参数、交流电压幅值等因素对系统次/超同步稳定性的影响,并基于相位裕度灵敏度明确了主导影响因素。基于实际系统数据,搭建了时域仿真模型,仿真复现了振荡现象,并验证了理论分析的正确性。

Low Latency High Throughout Circular Asynchronous FIFO

This paper describes a circular first in first out （FIFO） and its protocols which have a very low latency while still maintaining high throughput. Unlike the existing serial FIFOs based on asynchronous micropipelines, this FIFO＇s cells communicate directly with the input and output ports through a common bus, which effectively eliminates the data movement from the input port to the output port, thereby reducing the latency and the power consumption. Furthermore, the latency does not increase with the number of FIFO stages. Single-track asynchronous protocols are used to simplify the FIFO controller design, with only three C-gates needed in each cell controller, which substantially reduces the area. Simulations with the TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS logic process show that the latency of the 4-stage FIFO is less than 581 ps and the throughput is higher than 2.2 GHz.

AOS虚拟信道复用技术研究与仿真

为有效传输空间数据系统不同业务类型的大容量、高速率数据,AOS中各虚拟信道以时分复用的方式共享同一物理信道,通过对数据类型的分析,设计了一种边界可移动的VIP/同步/异步混合复用方式,并确定了同步虚拟信道和异步虚拟信道的调度策略。从各虚拟信道的吞吐量、剩余量、缓存需求和延时性能角度进行仿真,结果表明该复用技术兼顾了不同业务数据的特征,比全同步复用方式具有更高的复用效率,比全异步复用方式具有更好的公平性,可保证信道合理高效利用。

基于Copula函数的河川径流丰枯遭遇分析

【目的】研究两变量联合概率的分布问题,探讨干支流的丰枯遭遇分析方法。【方法】采用Copula函数,构建了渭河干流及其支流千河年径流的联合概率分布模型,对干支流的丰枯遭遇进行分析,并绘制了干支流联合分布等值线图。【结果】宝鸡市渭河干流年径流量的边际分布服从皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布,而支流千河年径流量的边际分布服从对数正态分布,且干支流同时出现丰水年的概率大于同时出现平、枯水年的概率。【结论】用Copula法描述干支流的丰枯遭遇问题具有可行性。

基于事件驱动的高性能WebSocket服务器的设计与实现

近年来即时通信在Internet上得到了越来越广泛的应用,传统服务器所遵循的"拉取"方式并不能很好地满足实际应用中信息获取实时性、用户请求高并发等方面的需求。为了改善上述问题,以"推送"方式进行实时消息传递成为研究热点。通过采用WebSocket技术,以Node.js、Redis、RabbitMQ等开源项目为基础,设计实现一个WebSocket服务器,能够对大量不同用户的订阅请求提供实时消息推送服务,并改进了Node.js多进程管理模块。实验结果表明,单个WebSocket服务器在处理1000以上的并发连接时,错位率在1.52%左右,有效地实现了WebSocket服务器的高并发与稳定性。

基于三维copula函数的多水文区丰枯遭遇分析

不同水文区的丰枯遭遇概率分析属于多变量概率分布问题,涉及的水文区越多,变量的维数就越高,问题就越复杂.为找到一种简单通用的多变量(n≥3)水文概率问题的求解方法,以不同水文区丰枯遭遇概率分析为例,引入三维copula函数构建多变量联合概率模型,将其用于分析长江、淮河及黄河流域的径流量的联合概率和条件概率问题。研究结果表明,当变量维数n≥3时,由copula函数可以很容易地构建多变量概率分布模型;对一组水文数据系列,有多个不同copula函数可以选择,可采用拟合优度检验方法择优;copula函数构建的多变量概率模型,可以计算各种条件下的联合概率分布,可以分析各种不同量级水文变量的遭遇概率和条件概率;通过与多维转换为一维方法的比较,三维Frank copula函数具有更优良的拟合优度、无偏性及有效性,且计算更简便。

任务组管理机制下面向协同特征空间数据模型的CoGIS研究

通过对协同GIS的发展状况和所面临的问题的分析,提出了基于任务组管理机制的协同GIS工作模型和面向协同GIS特征的空间数据模型(OCFSDM),重点讨论了它们的组织结构及设计思路;对同步/异步协同编辑过程进行了分析并给出了解决方案。最后,借助于CORBA分布式计算技术和数据库技术,构建了基于上述模型的协同GIS原型系统,给出了系统的测试情况;测试结果表明,系统达到了设计目标。