Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems——An Overview

Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely employed in the industry. Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCS-MPC), as an advanced control scheme, has been developed and applied to improve the performance and efficiency of the holistic PMSM drive systems. Based on the three elements of model predictive control, this paper provides an overview of the superiority of the FCS-MPC control scheme and its shortcomings in current applications. The problems of parameter mismatch, computational burden, and unfixed switching frequency are summarized. Moreover, other performance improvement schemes, such as the multi-vector application strategy, delay compensation scheme, and weight factor adjustment, are reviewed. Finally, future trends in this field is discussed, and several promising research topics are highlighted.

Controlling chaos in permanent magnet synchronous motor based on finite-time stability theory

This paper reports that the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） degrades due to chaos when its systemic parameters fall into a certain area. To control the undesirable chaos in PMSM, a nonlinear controller, which is simple and easy to be constructed, is presented to achieve finite-time chaos control based on the finite-time stability theory. Computer simulation results show that the proposed controller is very effective. The obtained results may help to maintain the industrial servo driven system＇s security operation.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS TO THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF SYNCHRONOUS BELT TEETH

By means of finite element analysis methods calculated the stress, strainand displacement of the belt teeth and analysisied the factors such as load distribution,specific property coefficient of material and temperature variation, which influence the fatigue strength of the belt teeth..

A novel adaptive finite-time controller for synchronizing chaotic gyros with nonlinear inputs

In this paper, the problem of the finite-time synchronization of two uncertain chaotic gyros is discussed. The parameters of both the master and the slave gyros are assumed to be unknown in advance. The effects of model uncertainties and input nonlinearities are also taken into account. An appropriate adaptation law is proposed to tackle the gyros＇ unknown parameters. Based on the adaptation law and the finite-time control technique, proper control laws are introduced to ensure that the trajectories of the slave gyro converge to the trajectories of the master gyro in a given finite time. Simulation results show the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed finite-time controller.

Finite-Time Synchronization for Heterogeneous Complex Networks with Time-Varying Delays

This paper studies the problem of finite-time synchronization for a class of heterogeneous complex networks which not only have node time-varying delays and coupled time-varying delays but also contain uncertain disturbance. An appropriate controller is designed such that this type of network can be synchronized within a finite time. By constructing a proper Lyapunov function and using the finite-time stability theory, the sufficient conditions for the network to achieve finite-time synchronization are given and the finite time is estimated. Finally, the conclusions obtained are extended to the case of homogeneous complex networks with time-varying delays and uncertain disturbance.

Finite-Time Synchronization of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems with Different Structures under Stochastic Disturbances

This paper studies the finite-time synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems with different structures under parameter disturbance and external disturbance. We put forward a fractional-order controller that can achieve the finite-time synchronization of any-order fractional-order chaotic systems under stochastic disturbances. This controller has good robustness and anti-interference performance. With the concept of the finite-time stability theory given, some judgment criterions for the synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems are proved. This method can not only make the error systems have a faster convergence rate but also can be implemented in engineering easily. The numerical simulations of two specific examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. At the same time, the synchronised time of finite-time synchronization is shorter and faster than the complete synchronization and the time can be adjusted according to the parameters in the controller.

Fixed-Time and Finite-Time Synchronization for a Class of Output-Coupling Complex Networks via Continuous Control

This paper mainly investigates the finite-time and fixed-time synchronization problem for a class of general output-coupling complex networks with output feedback nodes. The fixed-time and finite-time synchronization protocols are presented based on continuous controller strategies which can efficaciously eliminate chattering phenomenon existing in some previous results. Several sufficient conditions ensuring fixed-time and finite-time synchronization are derived by employing Lyapunov stability theory, linear matrix inequality (LMI) and adaptive technique. Furthermore, aimed at the model of this article, we study the problem of adaptive coupling strength in fixed-time synchronization which is rarely involved in previous results. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

Finite-time sliding mode synchronization of chaotic systems

A new finite-time sliding mode control approach is presented for synchronizing two different topological structure chaotic systems. With the help of the Lyapunov method, the convergence property of the proposed control strategy is discussed in a rigorous manner. Furthermore, it is mathematically proved that our control strategy has a faster convergence speed than the conventional finite-time sliding mode control scheme. In addition, the proposed control strategy can ensure the finite-time synchronization between the master and the slave chaotic systems under internal uncertainties and external disturbances. Simulation results are provided to show the speediness and robustness of the proposed scheme. It is worth noticing that the proposed control scheme is applicable for secure communications.

Design of an adaptive finite-time controller for synchronization of two identical/different non-autonomous chaotic flywheel governor systems

The centrifugal flywheel governor （CFG） is a mechanical device that automatically controls the speed of an engine and avoids the damage caused by sudden change of load torque. It has been shown that this system exhibits very rich and complex dynamics such as chaos. This paper investigates the problem of robust finite-time synchronization of non-autonomous chaotic CFGs. The effects of unknown parameters, model uncertainties and external disturbances are fully taken into account. First, it is assumed that the parameters of both master and slave CFGs have the same value and a suitable adaptive finite-time controller is designed. Second, two CFGs are synchronized with the parameters of different values via a robust adaptive finite-time control approach. Finally, some numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed finite-time controllers.

Approximate Synchronization of Multi-Agent Systems over Finite Fields

In this paper,the approximate synchronization of leader-follower multiagent systems(MASs) over finite fields is studied in regard to local and global synchronization.First,the approximately synchronous state set(ASSS) is obtained.Second,combined with ASSS and transient periods,some criteria for the local and global approximate synchronization of systems are given.Moreover,the algorithms for calculating the maximum approximately synchronous basin(MASB) and the maximum control invariant set(MCIS) are presented.Third,the global approximate synchronization of the system is achieved by designing the state feedback control,and a design algorithm of the controller using the truth matrix method is proposed.Moreover,the results of approximate synchronization are degenerated to complete synchronization.Last,two examples are shown to demonstrate the results of this paper.

Magnetic field and performance analysis of a tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor applied in elevator door system

A novel elevator door driven by tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (TPMLSM) is presented. This TPMLSM applies axial magnet array topology of the secondary rod, air-cored armature windings and slotless structure of the forcer to improve the stability of the thrust. The influence of two major dimensions, the pitch and radius of the permanent magnet (PM), on magnetic field was studied and the best values were given by the finite element analysis (FEA). The magnetic field, back EMF and thrust of the motor were analyzed and the PM size was optimized to reduce the harmonic components of the magnetic field and improve the performance of the motor. Predicted results are validated by the experiment. It is shown that the performance of the motor and the novel elevator door system is satisfying.

Research on synchronous gear pump

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the structure and existing problems ofthe gear pump, provided a structure principle of a synchronous gear pump.The discussionsfocused on the working principle, construction features and finite element analysis ofthe hydraulic gear.The research indicates that the new pump has such advantages aslower noise, better distributed flow and a high work pressure, and it can be widely used inhydraulic systems.

Optimization of Vibration and Noise Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles

In the design of the motor used for electric vehicles(EVS),vibration and noise problems are often ignored,which reduce the reliability and service life of the motor.In this paper,an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)with high power density is taken as an example,and its electromagnetic vibration and noise problem is investigated and optimized.Firstly,the factors that generate the electromagnetic force harmonic of IPMSM are analyzed by theoretical derivation.Furthermore,the mode and electromagnetic harmonic distribution of the motor are calculated and analyzed by establishing the electromagnetic-structure-sound coupling simulation model.Then,by combining finite element method(FEM)with modern optimization algorithm,an electromagnetic vibration and noise performance optimization method is proposed in the electromagnetic design stage of the motor.Finally,an IPMSM is optimized by this method for electromagnetic vibration and noise performance.The results of comparison between before and after optimization prove the feasibility of the method.

Comparative Analysis of Bilateral Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors With Different Structures

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)has the advantages of high thrust density and good control accuracy,which can be applied in high-power and high-speed occasions.In this paper,the analytical models are established to obtain the electromagnetic performance for the PMLSMs with dual secondaries and dual primaries.The air-gap flux density and the electromagnetic thrust are also obtained by the finite element model to verify theoretical analysis.Besides,an improved structure is also put forward in order to suppress the thrust fluctuation of the PMLSM.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of two PMLSMs topologies are listed.These analyses would provide a guide for the design of PMLSMs applied in high-power and high-speed occasions.

Electromagnetic Analysis and Optimization of High-speed Maglev Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Field-circuit Coupling

High speed maglev train has become a new non-contact transportation mode mainly studied in recent years because of its non-sticking and high speed characteristics.Firstly,the finite element model of the long stator linear synchronous motor(LSM)is established based on the structure of the test prototype.After calculation,it is compared with the experimental data and verified.On this basis,a field-circuit coupling model based on inverter circuit is established,and the influence of carrier wave ratio change on the output characteristics of LSM is calculated and analyzed.Finally,the filter circuit is introduced into the field-circuit coupling model,and the influence of the filter circuit on the output characteristics of the LSM is compared and analyzed.

Fast Calculation of Electromagnetic Forces in IPMSMs Under PWM VSI Supply Based on Small-Signal Time-Harmonic Finite Element Method

This paper introduces a novel method for fast calculating the electromagnetic forces in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines(IPMSMs)under pulse width modulation(PWM)voltage source inverter(VSI)supply based on the small-signal time-harmonic finite element analysis(THFEA),which has been successfully utilized for fast calculating the PWMinduced losses in silicon steel sheets and permanent magnets.Based on the small-signal THFEA,the functional relationships between high-frequency harmonic voltages(HFHVs)and corresponding airgap flux densities are established,which are used for calculating the flux density spectra caused by each HFHV in the PWM voltage spectra.Then,the superposition principle is applied for calculating the flux density spectra caused by fundamental currents and all HFHVs,which are converted to the electromagnetic force spectra at last.The relative errors between the force density spectra calculated with the proposed method and those obtained from traditional time-stepping finite element analysis(TSFEA)using PWM voltages as input are within 3.1%,while the proposed method is 24 times faster than the traditional TSFEA.

Characteristics of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor fed by spwm inverter based on field-circuit coupled method

Presented field-circuit coupled adaptive time-stepping finite element method to study on permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) characteristics fed by SPWM voltage source inverter.In air-gap field where the direction or magnitude of the field is changing rapidly,the smallest elements are demanded due to high accuracy to use adaptive meshing technique.The co-simulation was used with the status space functions and time-step finite element functions,in which time-step of the status space functions was the smallest than finite element functions'.The magnitude relation of the normal elec- tromagnetic force and tangential electromagnetic force and the period were attained,and current curve was very abrupt at current zero area due to the bigger resistance and leak- age reactance,including main characteristics of motor voltage and velocity.The simulation results compare triumphantly with the experiments results.

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control of a Five-Phase PMSM with Virtual Voltage Vectors and Adaptive Control Set

This paper presents an improved finite control set model predictive current control(FCS-MPCC)of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM).First,to avoid including all the 32 voltage vectors provided by a two-level five-phase inverter into the control set,virtual voltage vectors are adopted.As the third current harmonics can be much reduced by virtual voltage vectors automatically,the harmonic items in the cost function of conventional FCS-MPCC are not considered.Furthermore,an adaptive control set is proposed based on voltage prediction.Best control set with proper voltage vector amplitude corresponding to different rotor speed can be achieved by this method.Consequently,current ripples can be largely reduced and the system performs much better.At last,simulations are established to verify the steady and transient performance of the proposed FCS-MPCC,and experiments based on a 2 kW five-phase motor are carried out.The results have validated the performance improvement of the proposed control strategy.

Design strategy for detent force reduction of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

The detent force of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM） is analyzed and the corresponding optimization methods are presented to reduce it. The detent force, which is divided into two components, i.e. resulting from the end effect and resulting from the slotting effect, can be analyzed respectively by the finite element method （FEM）. To reduce the detent force arising from the end effect, several optimal design techniques are utilized, namely, adopting the suitable length and end shape of the primary armature. The detent force resulting from the slotting effect is reduced by means of skewing and adjusting the width of the magnets mounted on the secondary armature, and adopting the fractional slots of the primary armature. The validity of the analytical detent force predictions and the effectiveness of the detent force reduction techniques are verified by the experimental measurements.

Rotor Optimization for Synchronous Reluctance Motors

Rotor of Synchronous reluctance motor(SynRM)usually has multiple flux barrier structure for the purpose of higher electromagnetic torque and lower torque ripple.Two different strategies are used in this paper for rotor structure optimization and a compromised strategy for fully squeeze the potential of each related parameters is developed.Performance of resulted rotor structure is evaluated to verify the optimization procedure.