Software synchronous sampling is widely employed in periodic signal measurement, but measurement errors occur very commonly. This paper analyses the cause of the errors, deduces the mathematical model for the measure...Software synchronous sampling is widely employed in periodic signal measurement, but measurement errors occur very commonly. This paper analyses the cause of the errors, deduces the mathematical model for the measurement errors in measuring RMS voltage, RMS current and active power using the software synchronous sampling method. Some measures to reduce the errors are put forward by simulating.展开更多
In this paper, an effective technique to compensate the positioning errors in a near-field—far-field (NF-FF) transformation with helicoidal scanning for elongated antennas is presented and validated both numerically ...In this paper, an effective technique to compensate the positioning errors in a near-field—far-field (NF-FF) transformation with helicoidal scanning for elongated antennas is presented and validated both numerically and experimentally. It relies on a nonredundant sampling representation of the voltage measured by the probe, obtained by considering the antenna as enclosed in a cylinder ended in two half-spheres. An iterative scheme is used to reconstruct the helicoidal NF data at the points fixed by the representation from the acquired irregularly spaced ones. Once the helicoidal data have been retrieved, those needed by a classical NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning are efficiently evaluated by using an optimal sampling interpolation algorithm. Some numerical tests, assessing the accuracy of the approach and its stability with respect to random errors affecting the data, are reported. Experimental tests performed at the Antenna Characterization Lab of the University of Salerno further confirm the validity of the proposed technique.展开更多
Suppose that several different imperfect instruments and one perfect instrument are used independently to measure some characteristic of a population. In order to make full use of the sample information, in this paper...Suppose that several different imperfect instruments and one perfect instrument are used independently to measure some characteristic of a population. In order to make full use of the sample information, in this paper the empirical likelihood method is put forward for making inferences on parameters of interest under stratified random sampling in the presence of measurement error, Our results show that it can lead to estimators which are asymptotically normal and utilize all the available sample information. We also obtain the asymptotic distribution of empirical likelihood testing statistics. In particular, we apply the method to obtain estimator and confidence interval of population mean.展开更多
The Radial Basis Functions Neural Network （RBFNN） is used to establish the model of a response system through the input and output data of the system. The synchronization between a drive system and the response syst...The Radial Basis Functions Neural Network （RBFNN） is used to establish the model of a response system through the input and output data of the system. The synchronization between a drive system and the response system can be implemented by employing the RBFNN model and state feedback control. In this case, the exact mathematical model, which is the precondition for the conventional method, is unnecessary for implementing synchronization. The effect of the model error is investigated and a corresponding theorem is developed. The effect of the parameter perturbations and the measurement noise is investigated through simulations. The simulation results under different conditions show the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)采样时钟同步问题,提出了一种适合于软件无线电(Software-.Defined Radio,SDR)接收机的全数字实现方案.该方案的整体结构基于经典的Gardner环路,借助联合迭代估计算...针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)采样时钟同步问题,提出了一种适合于软件无线电(Software-.Defined Radio,SDR)接收机的全数字实现方案.该方案的整体结构基于经典的Gardner环路,借助联合迭代估计算法来进行误差的动态跟踪,并通过对接收信号进行异步重采样来实现采样时钟误差的实时校正.误差检测环节不仅能消除载波频率误差的影响,还可以在维持环路的响应速度的同时提高误差检测的精度.误差校正环节利用一种简单的动态延迟技术来对信号重采样进行直接控制,尽管增加了一些处理延迟,但能使重采样过程平稳进行.理论分析和仿真结果表明,新的采样时钟同步方案在多径信道环境中能有效工作,算法的性能优于其他同类算法.展开更多
The world needs around 150 Pg of negative carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. Global soils may provide a stable, sizeable reservoir to help achieve this goal by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide as soil...The world needs around 150 Pg of negative carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. Global soils may provide a stable, sizeable reservoir to help achieve this goal by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide as soil organic carbon (SOC). In turn, SOC can support healthy soils and provide a multitude of ecosystem benefits. To support SOC sequestration, researchers and policy makers must be able to precisely measure the amount of SOC in a given plot of land. SOC measurement is typically accomplished by taking soil cores selected at random from the plot under study, mixing (compositing) some of them together, and analyzing (assaying) the composited samples in a laboratory. Compositing reduces assay costs, which can be substantial. Taking samples is also costly. Given uncertainties and costs in both sampling and assay along with a desired estimation precision, there is an optimal composite size that will minimize the budget required to achieve that precision. Conversely, given a fixed budget, there is a composite size that minimizes uncertainty. In this paper, we describe and formalize sampling and assay for SOC and derive the optima for three commonly used assay methods: dry combustion in an elemental analyzer, loss-on-ignition, and mid-infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using data from a soil survey conducted in California. We give recommendations for practice and provide software to implement our framework.展开更多
文摘Software synchronous sampling is widely employed in periodic signal measurement, but measurement errors occur very commonly. This paper analyses the cause of the errors, deduces the mathematical model for the measurement errors in measuring RMS voltage, RMS current and active power using the software synchronous sampling method. Some measures to reduce the errors are put forward by simulating.
文摘In this paper, an effective technique to compensate the positioning errors in a near-field—far-field (NF-FF) transformation with helicoidal scanning for elongated antennas is presented and validated both numerically and experimentally. It relies on a nonredundant sampling representation of the voltage measured by the probe, obtained by considering the antenna as enclosed in a cylinder ended in two half-spheres. An iterative scheme is used to reconstruct the helicoidal NF data at the points fixed by the representation from the acquired irregularly spaced ones. Once the helicoidal data have been retrieved, those needed by a classical NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning are efficiently evaluated by using an optimal sampling interpolation algorithm. Some numerical tests, assessing the accuracy of the approach and its stability with respect to random errors affecting the data, are reported. Experimental tests performed at the Antenna Characterization Lab of the University of Salerno further confirm the validity of the proposed technique.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10171051）
文摘Suppose that several different imperfect instruments and one perfect instrument are used independently to measure some characteristic of a population. In order to make full use of the sample information, in this paper the empirical likelihood method is put forward for making inferences on parameters of interest under stratified random sampling in the presence of measurement error, Our results show that it can lead to estimators which are asymptotically normal and utilize all the available sample information. We also obtain the asymptotic distribution of empirical likelihood testing statistics. In particular, we apply the method to obtain estimator and confidence interval of population mean.
基金This project was supported in part by the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (2003F028)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20060390318).
文摘The Radial Basis Functions Neural Network （RBFNN） is used to establish the model of a response system through the input and output data of the system. The synchronization between a drive system and the response system can be implemented by employing the RBFNN model and state feedback control. In this case, the exact mathematical model, which is the precondition for the conventional method, is unnecessary for implementing synchronization. The effect of the model error is investigated and a corresponding theorem is developed. The effect of the parameter perturbations and the measurement noise is investigated through simulations. The simulation results under different conditions show the effectiveness of the method.
文摘针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)采样时钟同步问题,提出了一种适合于软件无线电(Software-.Defined Radio,SDR)接收机的全数字实现方案.该方案的整体结构基于经典的Gardner环路,借助联合迭代估计算法来进行误差的动态跟踪,并通过对接收信号进行异步重采样来实现采样时钟误差的实时校正.误差检测环节不仅能消除载波频率误差的影响,还可以在维持环路的响应速度的同时提高误差检测的精度.误差校正环节利用一种简单的动态延迟技术来对信号重采样进行直接控制,尽管增加了一些处理延迟,但能使重采样过程平稳进行.理论分析和仿真结果表明,新的采样时钟同步方案在多径信道环境中能有效工作,算法的性能优于其他同类算法.
文摘The world needs around 150 Pg of negative carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. Global soils may provide a stable, sizeable reservoir to help achieve this goal by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide as soil organic carbon (SOC). In turn, SOC can support healthy soils and provide a multitude of ecosystem benefits. To support SOC sequestration, researchers and policy makers must be able to precisely measure the amount of SOC in a given plot of land. SOC measurement is typically accomplished by taking soil cores selected at random from the plot under study, mixing (compositing) some of them together, and analyzing (assaying) the composited samples in a laboratory. Compositing reduces assay costs, which can be substantial. Taking samples is also costly. Given uncertainties and costs in both sampling and assay along with a desired estimation precision, there is an optimal composite size that will minimize the budget required to achieve that precision. Conversely, given a fixed budget, there is a composite size that minimizes uncertainty. In this paper, we describe and formalize sampling and assay for SOC and derive the optima for three commonly used assay methods: dry combustion in an elemental analyzer, loss-on-ignition, and mid-infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using data from a soil survey conducted in California. We give recommendations for practice and provide software to implement our framework.
