TCM-HIN2Vec:A strategy for uncovering biological basis of heart qi deficiency pattern based on network embedding and transcriptomic experiment

Objective:To elucidate the biological basis of the heart qi deficiency(HQD)pattern,an in-depth understanding of which is essential for improving clinical herbal therapy.Methods: We predicted and characterized HQD pattern genes using the new strategy,TCM-HIN2Vec,which involves heterogeneous network embedding and transcriptomic experiments.First,a heterogeneous network of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)patterns was constructed using public databases.Next,we predicted HQD pattern genes using a heterogeneous network-embedding algorithm.We then analyzed the functional characteristics of HQD pattern genes using gene enrichment analysis and examined gene expression levels using RNA-seq.Finally,we identified TCM herbs that demonstrated enriched interactions with HQD pattern genes via herbal enrichment analysis.Results: Our TCM-HIN2Vec strategy revealed that candidate genes associated with HQD pattern were significantly enriched in energy metabolism,signal transduction pathways,and immune processes.Moreover,we found that these candidate genes were significantly differentially expressed in the transcriptional profile of mice model with heart failure with a qi deficiency pattern.Furthermore,herbal enrichment analysis identified TCM herbs that demonstrated enriched interactions with the top 10 candidate genes and could potentially serve as drug candidates for treating HQD.Conclusion: Our results suggested that TCM-HIN2Vec is capable of not only accurately identifying HQD pattern genes,but also deciphering the basis of HQD pattern.Furthermore our finding indicated that TCM-HIN2Vec may be further expanded to develop other patterns,leading to a new approach aimed at elucidating general TCM patterns and developing precision medicine.

Network pharmacology-based exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome.The Chinese herbal compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe has been used to treat chronic heart failure;however,the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clear.AIM To identify the effective active ingredients of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe and explore its molecular mechanism in the treatment of chronic heart failure.METHODS The effective active ingredients of eight herbs composing Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.The target genes of chronic heart failure were searched in the Genecards database.The target proteins of active ingredients were mapped to chronic heart failure target genes to obtain the common drugdisease targets,which were then used to construct a key chemical componenttarget network using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the String database.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed through the Metascape database.Finally,our previously published relevant articles were searched to verify the results obtained via network pharmacology.RESULTS A total of 227 effective active ingredients for Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified,of which quercetin,kaempferol,7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone,formononetin,and isorhamnetin may be key active ingredients and involved in the therapeutic effects of TCM by acting on STAT3,MAPK3,AKT1,JUN,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,HSP90AA1,p65,MAPK8,MAPK14,IL6,EGFR,EDN1,FOS,and other proteins.The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis include pathways in cancer,IL-17 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,NF-kappaB signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,etc.Previous studies on Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe suggested that this Chinese compound preparation can regulate the TNF-α,IL-6,MAPK,cAMP,and AMPK pathways to affect the mitochondrial structure of myocardial cells,oxidative stress,and energy metabolism,thus achieving the therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure.CONCLUSION The Chinese medicine compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe exerts therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure possibly by influencing the mitochondrial structure of cardiomyocytes,oxidative stress,energy metabolism,and other processes.Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of the IL-17 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and other pathways in mediating the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure.

Clinical Observation of the Therapeutic Effects of Wenzhong Hewei Formula in Treating Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency Syndrome in Internal Medicine Diseases

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Wenzhong Hewei Formula in treating spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome in internal medicine diseases.Methods:Sixty patients with spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome admitted to the hospital from April 2022 to June 2023 were randomly divided into observation and control groups,with 30 patients in each group.The control group received conventional internal medicine treatment,while the observation group was additionally treated with Wenzhong Hewei Formula on the basis of conventional treatment.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Results:The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of both groups were significantly lower than before treatment,with the observation group showing a more pronounced reduction(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Wenzhong Hewei Formula can effectively improve clinical symptoms in patients with spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome,enhance clinical efficacy,and have a high level of safety,making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Observation on the Nursing Effect of Ginger Moxibustion on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Heart Failure Due to Yang Qi Deficiency

Objective:To evaluate the nursing measures and effects of ginger moxibustion in the treatment of heart failure(yang qi deficiency type)with gastrointestinal symptoms.Methods:86 patients with heart failure(yang qi deficiency type)accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms who were admitted to the hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected and divided into 43 cases in each group by random number table grouping;Group I implemented integrated care,while Group II adopted conventional care.The indicators of care were compared between the two groups.Results:After the nursing care,the digestive symptom scores of Group I were lower than those of Group I,and the psychological scores were lower than those of Group II(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ginger moxibustion can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and enhance the psychological health of patients with heart failure(yang qi deficiency type)with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Clinical Nursing Intervention of Moxibustion on Abdominal Distension Symptoms in Heart Failure (Heart and Kidney Yang Deficiency and Blood Stasis Blocking Collaterals Syndrome)

Objective:To investigate the clinical nursing intervention effect of moxibustion on abdominal distension symptoms in heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome).Methods:62 patients with heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome)admitted to our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=31)and the control group(n=31)by using the random numerical table method.The control group adopted conventional nursing interventions,and the observation group received the nursing program of the control group with the addition of moxibustion nursing interventions.The nursing effectiveness,quality of life scores,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The nursing effectiveness of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);the quality of life score of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of moxibustion nursing intervention in patients with heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome)can effectively relieve the symptoms of abdominal distension,improve patients'quality of life,and increase nursing satisfaction,which has promotion and application values.

Screening for blood leukocyte microRNA biomarkers responsible for association between qi deficiency constitution and Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome of chronic superficial gastritis

Objective:To screen for blood leukocyte microRNA(miRNA)biomarkers responsible for the association between the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)qi deficiency constitution(QDC)and the Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome(PQDS)of chronic superficial gastritis(CSG).Methods:Peripheral blood leukocytes were separated from people of two TCM constitutions(balance and qi deficiency)and from CSG patients with PQDS.Total RNA was isolated from the leukocytes and subjected to subsequent high-throughput miRNA sequencing to identify the miRNAs that are specifically and highly expressed in persons of QDC and CSG patients with PQDS.In addition,the target genes of the associated miRNAs were predicted.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway-based enrichment analyses of these target genes were performed to further evaluate the associated miRNA candidates as potential biomarkers responsible for the association between QDC and PQDS of CSG.Results:Compared with the control group with a balance constitution(P<.05,fold change>1.5 or<0.5),31 and 38 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in persons of QDC and CSG patients with PQDS,respectively.In particular,hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-146a-3p were highly expressed in both the persons of QDC and CSG patients with PQDS.GO analysis of the target genes of the two common miRNAs showed that they were mainly associated with functions related to synthesis and metabolism,such as cellular nitrogen compound metabolic processes,biosynthetic processes,cellular protein modification processes,and cellular component assembly.KEGG analysis identified the common pathways enriched among the target genes,including the Hippo signaling pathway and the transcriptional misregulation pathway.The common target genes of the two miRNAs seemed to be associated with the spliceosome pathway and the RNA degradation pathway.Conclusion:Hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-146a-3p may serve as candidate biomarkers responsible for the association between QDC and PQDS of CSG.

Serum proteomic approach in patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in coronary heart disease:to explore therapeutic mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue decoction

OBJECTIVE To explore the curative effect and mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.METHODS The patients with coronary heart disease of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were treated with Yiqi Huoxue decoction for 3 months,and the changes of cardiac function were observed.61 serum samples(including 29 cases of disease group and 32 cases of Yiqi Huoxue expression group)were analyzed by non labeled proteomics.The disease group was used as the control group,and the protein with expression level difference of more than 1.2 folds(P<0.05)was screened.The molecular function,biological pathway and protein interaction of the different proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics,so as to identify the molecular and biological pathway of Yiqi Huoxue decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.RESULTS Clinical treatment found that Yiqi Huoxue decoction can improve TCM syndrome score and left ventricular ejection fraction,regulate blood glucose and blood lipid levels,prolong thrombin time,and improve heart function.The results of proteomic quantitative analysis showed that there were 69 proteins with different expression levels in the disease group.Bioinformatics analysis results showed that Yiqi Huoxue decoction may regulate ApoA1,alpha-2 and other proteins to act on HDL assembly,platelet degradation,PI3K Akt signaling pathway,and then play a therapeutic role in coronary heart disease with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.CONCLUSION Yiqi Huoxue decoction can effectively improved the heart function decline caused by Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease.It mainly act on energy metabolism and platelet activation pathway by activating HDL assembly and platelet degradation signal pathway proteins.This study can provide reference for the follow-up treatment mechanism of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease.

Rules of Ren Shunping's prescription for trearing Spleen Deficiency and Qi Stagnation Syndrome of Functional Dyspepsia Based on Data Mining

Objective:To explore the medication rules of Professor Ren Shunping treating spleen deficiency and qi stagnation syndrome of functional dyspepsia,so as to provide reference for clinical prevention and development of new drugs.Methods:The 144 Chinese herbal formulas considered as active prescribed by professor Ren Shunping for the first time treating the patients with spleen deficiency and qi stagnation syndrome of functional dyspepsia were collected,entered into TCM inheritance auxiliary platform(V2.5),and then mined by some data mining methods of the software,such as the association rules and unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering.Results:This study involved 144 Chinese herbal formulas,including a total of 56 Chinese herbal medicines.Of these Chinese herbal medicines,the herbs of cold and warm nature,and pungent,bitter and sweet in flavors were used in a quite high frequency,all of which act on spleen,stomach,lungs,large intestine,liver and gallbladder meridians.One core Chinese herbal formula was excavated,composed of patchouli,perilla stem,radix bupleuri,scutellaria,ginger pinellia,codonopsispilosula,magnolia bark,tangerine peel,large-headed atractylodes,immature bitter orange,wood incense,fructus amomi,inula britannica chinensis,ginger,medicated leaven,fried rice and fried malt based on the association rules.And a total of 17 groups of core used drugs and 2 groups of new Chinese herbal formulas undiscovered were mined based on unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering.Conclusion:In treating spleen deficiency and qi stagnation syndrome of functional dyspepsia,professor Ren is good at treating spleen deficiency and qi stagnation syndrome of functional dyspepsia from the perspective of"tong jiang",using the"five-in-one"strategy of strengthening the spleen,evacuating the liver,coming down qi from the stomach,dispersing lung,and bowel-reflexing to treat patients as a whole.And the herbal medicines were light in dose,lovely and mild in nature for the formulars.At the same time,he paid attention to the combination of syndromes and symptoms,and flexible arbitration.

Exploring the biological mechanism of qi deficiency syndrome with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)based on integrated pharmacology

Objective:To explore the potential biological mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)qi deficiency syndrome,we used the integrated pharmacology network computing platform and carried out experimental verification.Methods:Using an integrated pharmacology strategy to analyze the potential biological targets of COPD qi deficiency syndrome.Based on the established qi deficiency syndrome rat model of COPD,the biological targets of lung and skeletal muscle were detected by electron microscopy,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content assays,and western blotting.Results:According to the integrated pharmacological results,it was found that the locations of cell components related to COPD qi deficiency syndrome were mainly mitochondria.Electron microscopy results using lung tissue showed that mitochondria in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS group)and pulmonary instillation of LPS combined with cigarette smoke(LPStCS group)were swollen,deformed,and fragmented,with disappearing or broken crista.Results also showed that the total content of ATP in the lung and skeletal muscle of both groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 12th week(P<.05).At the 12th week,the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and mitofusin 1(MFN1)protein was significantly difference than that of the control group(P<.05).At the 10th and 14th weeks,changes in fission and fusion proteins in mitochondria of the lung and skeletal muscle were further detected.There was also a significant difference in the expression between the two groups compared to that in the control group at the 10th week and 14th week(P<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the changes in mitochondrial morphology and ATP content and the unbalanced expression of DRP1 and MFN1 might be the key mechanisms underlying qi deficiency syndrome in rats with COPD.

Study of Interference Treatment by Xuesaitong (血塞通) Soft Capsuleon Patients of Nephrosis Syndrome with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasisduring Dose Reducing Stage of Corticosteroid

Objective: To observe the effect of Xuesaitong (血塞通, XST) soft capsule in interference treatment on patients of nephrosis syndrome (NS) during corticosteroid (CS) dose reducing stage. Methods: Seventy-one NS patients applying prednisone and initiating dose reducing stage were randomized into trial group and control group. On the basis of conventional prednisone dose reduction of both groups, the trial group was given additionally XST, and the treatment course ended with the reduction to maintenance dose. In the course of observation, those who did not comply with the criteria of observation were excluded. Before and after the dose reduction, TCM syndrome scoring, 24 hrs urinary protein amount, blood β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), urinary β2-MG, blood fibrinogen (Fbg), plasma prothrombin time (PT), blood lipid, etc. were observed. Results: The trial group of XST could obviously lower their urinary protein amount and blood lipid level (P<0.05 or P<0.01), markedly improve the blood coagulation parameters (P<0.01), improve the TCM syndrome and CS induced adverse reaction (P<0.05 or P<0.01), also obviously reduced the recurrence rate of NS (P<0.05). Conclusion: XST could obviously improve the clinical symptoms and renal impairment parameters in NS patients during CS dose reduction stage, improve the CS induced adverse reaction and prevent the recurrence of NS.

High Density Lipoprotein Phospholipids as a Marker of Coronary Heart Disease of Shen-Yang Deficiency Syndrome

Objective: To seek a new biochemical index for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) of shen-Yang deficiency syndrom (CHD-SYD). Methods: Sixty-one patients with CHD were divided into 3 groups according to their TCM Syndrome type, 10 patients in the group without Xin-Qi deficiency (Group A), 25 in the group with Xin-Qi deficiency but without Shen-Yang deficiency (Group B) and 26 in the group both with Xin-Qi deficiency and Shen-Yang deficiency (Group C). Levels of 17-hydroxy-corticoste-roid in urine (urinary 17-OHCS) per 24 hrs, and serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high density lipoprotein phospholipid (HDL-PL) in them were determined in synchrostep and compared with those in the control group of 23 healthy aged persons, urinary 17-OHCS per 24 hrs was taken as the diagnostic standard to screen a new index for diagnosis of Shen-Yang deficiency Syndrome, and preliminary appraisal to the index was made. Results: Serum HDL-PL in the CHD-SYD patients( Group C) was 616+157 mg/L, which was obviously lower than that in the patients of Group A and B. With low HDL-PL(<650 mg/L) used as the index to diagnose CHD-SYD, the sensitivity was 73%, the specificity 86% and the accuracy 80%. Conclusion: HDL-PL <650 mg/L could be adopted as an index for CHD-SYD diagnosis, which is simple and practical.

Symptom characteristics and prevalence of qi deficiency syndrome in people of varied health status and ages: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Objective:Aging caused by a deficiency syndrome can be found in ancient and modern traditional Chinese medicine literature.Qi deficiency syndrome(QDS)is a vital factor in the aging process.This study aimed to establish a full-scale trial to evaluate the prevalence,symptom severity,frequency,and distribution of QDS in different age groups and varying health status to elucidate the role of qi deficiency in the aging process and deterioration of health.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals in China,and data from 1220 participants were included.The participants,aged between 20 and 79 years,completed questionnaires that recorded prevalence of QDS and severity or frequency of relevant symptoms,then were interviewed by investigators.We used frequency analysis and chi-squared tests to perform comparative analysis of prevalence in different age and health groups;we used a ranksum tests for quantitative analysis of symptoms severity and frequency scores;we performed a regression analysis of correlation between syndrome occurrence and potential factors using nonconditional binary logistic stepwise regression of numerical variables.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Prevalence,symptom severity and frequency scores of QDS showed a rising trend when physical condition worsened,rather than when age increased.Health status,fatigue,shortness of breath or no desire to talk,spontaneous sweating,swollen tongue with teeth marks on side,and deficient and weak pulse,rather than increasing age were contributing factors to this syndrome.Distribution of QDS in certain health and age stages showed remarkable irregularities.Conclusions:Qi deficiency may be a contributing factor for sub-health(sub-optimal health)and chronic diseases rather than aging.It may play a crucial role in chronic disease pathogenesis of young and middle-aged people,and in sub-health pathogenesis of older adults.Recognition of the warning signs and symptoms of QDS may lead to early intervention and prevention of subhealth,and chronic diseases.

Serum protein profiles suggest a possible link between qi deficiency constitution and Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome of chronic superficial gastritis

Objective:To identify potential serum protein candidates involved in linking the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-defined qi deficiency constitution(QDC)to Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome(PQDS)of chronic superficial gastritis(CSG).Methods:Using participants with the TCM-defined balanced constitution as a control population,labelfree quantitative proteomics was adopted to identify differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in serum samples from two case populations:case population 1(participants with QDC)and case population 2(patients with PQDS of CSG).The DEPs discovered in both case populations were analyzed to identify common DEPs as potential candidates for proteins involved in the link between QDC and PQDS.Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and analysis of proteineprotein interaction networks,we evaluated the possible functions of these potential serum candidates.Results:We discovered 24 and 28 proteins that were differentially expressed in case populations 1 and 2,respectively,compared with the control population.Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the expression profile of DEPs of individuals from the same population clustered well,while those from different populations were segregated.Furthermore,GO analysis revealed the 10 DEPs that were common to both case populations to be mainly associated with negative regulation of cellular metabolic and immune system processes while KEGG analysis indicated these proteins to be associated with complement and coagulation cascades and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling.Notably,serum levels of C4b-binding protein beta chain,glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 and MS-F1 light chain variable region proteins were notably higher in the two case populations compared with the control,particularly in the case of CSG with PQDS.Conclusion:The results presented here provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying development of PQDS of CSG from QDC,and suggest candidate serum biomarkers for future application in integrative medicine.

Clinical Research of Zhenwu Decoction Combined with Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Edema Syndrome due to Yang Deficiency

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the clinical effects of Zhenwu Decoction combined with Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction in the treatment of chronic heart failure with edema syndrome due to yang deficiency.[Methods]Eighty patients with chronic heart failure were randomly divided into 2 groups(control group and treatment group),with 40 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine for 14 d,and the patients in the treatment group were treated with Zhenwu Decoction and Tingli Dazhao Xiefeng Decoction on the basis of the control group for 14 d.The curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),plasma N-terminal brain natruretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP)and New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional class were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire in the principle of Chinese civilization and traditional medicine characteristics(C-MLHF)at admission and 1 month after discharge were compared between the two groups.[Results]After treatment,the total effective rate of TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was 82.50%,and that in the control group was 67.50%.The curative effect of TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment the LVEF in both groups was increased compared with that before treatment,and the NT-proBNP level was decreased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and those in the treatment group were better than those in the control group.The total effective rate of cardiac function in the treatment group was 87.50%,and that in the control group was 65.00%.The improvement of cardiac function in the treatment group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).One month after discharge,C-MLHF scores in both groups were decreased compared with those before treatment,and that in the treatment group was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Zhenwu Decoction combined with Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction based on traditional western medicine treatment could improve the clinical efficacy,symptoms and quality of life of patients in the treatment of chronic heart failure with edema syndrome due to yang deficiency.

Study on syndrome differentiation based on pharmacology of syndrome management system-a case of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome

Taking the Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome as an example,the research method of pharmacology of syndrome management system was proposed.By means of text mining,systematic pharmacology and target analysis,to attempt to reveal the essence of the corresponding syndrome by studying the drugs and targets of Qi and Yin deficiency.Fourteen Chinese herbs treating Qi and Yin deficiency were retrieved and used more than 30 times,and 9,317 related targets were predicted.The common targets of action were 85.Topological analysis was carried out by using degree centrality,closeness centrality and betweenness centrality to confirm that estrogen receptor(ESR1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),D(2)dopamine receptor(DRD2),vitamin D3 receptor(VDR),glucocorticoid receptor(NR3C1),acetylcholinesterase(ACHE)and endothelin-1(EDN1)were highly correlated with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome.Through the target to find Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome corresponding to 17 categories of diseases.A new idea was provided for studying the biological essence of TCM clinical syndrome differentiation.

Pharmacological effects of Paeoniflorin and Albiflorin on IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-6 and TNF-α in the rats of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and blood deficiency

Objective： To observe the effect of paeoniflorin （PF）, albiflorin （AF） on the hemogram, visceral index and hematopoiesis cytokine in the rats of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and blood deficiency, and to discuss the material base and mechanism of effect of nourishing blood and smoothing the liver of Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）. Methods： Male SD rats were randomly divided into groups according to the sucrose preference test and body weight （n = 12）. Except the normal control, the other groups were treated with the chronic stress stimulation combined with radiation respectively to establish the model of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and blood deficiency. The body weight, visceral index and the quantity of Leucocyte, Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin in peripheral hemogram were monitored, then plasma and serum were separated. Radioimmunoassay was used to analyze the levels of Lnterleukin-3, Granulocyte-macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor, Lnterleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in plasma. Results： Compared with that of model group, 30 mg·kg^-1 PF and 30 mg·kg^-1 AF of the weight, spleen index, quantity of Leucocyte were increased significantly （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. The results of Radioimmunoassay showed that the levels of Interleukin-3 increased （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.05） and the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α decreased in both 30 mg·kg^-1 PF and 30 mg·kg^-1 AF groups （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The effect of PF and AF on the regulation of bone marrow hematopoietic system and immune system play a role in the blood of rats with syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and blood deficiency, which suggests that both of them are the main active ingredients of nourishing blood and smoothing the liver of Baishao.

Study of establishing disease-syndrome combined with animal model for immune thrombocytopenic purpura without additional conditions

Objective:To explore the feasibility of establishing the disease-syndrome combined animal model for immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)without additional conditions.Methods:Three batches of data related to the ITP model mice obtained by replication at different time were analyzed,and whether the APS-injected model mice replicated through the passive immune modeling method could simulate the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of human ITP was evaluated according to the differentiation criteria for diseasesyndrome combined model.Results:The APS-injected replicated ITP model mice possessed the following traits:(1)Compared with the normal group,the platelet count was significantly decreased,and coagulation time was significantly increased in the model group(P<.01).(2)Compared with the normal group,the medullary thrombocytogenous megakaryocytes were significantly decreased(P<.05,.01,.001).(3)The APS-injected sites and other parts of the model mice had spontaneous hemorrhage.(4)Behavioral changing signs were observed 1 week after the modeling(i.e.low activity,delayed activity,poor appetite,skin petechia/hemorrhage and spontaneous hemorrhage at the injected sites or other parts),and were getting more and more severe.Conclusion:According to the syndrome differentiation criteria for disease-syndrome combined model of ITP,the APS-injected animal model of ITP replicated through the passive immune modeling method without additional conditions possesses the characteristics of disease-syndrome combined model.It provides an ideal tool for the development of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology experiment.

Effects of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on the Syndrome of Deficiency with Blood Stasis in RCS(rdy-/-, p-/-) Rats with Retinitis Pigmentosa: An Intervention Study

Objective To investigate the effects of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Ex Rhizoma(SM,Dan Shen,丹参)on the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis in the RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats with retinitis pigmentosa(RP).Methods A total of 32 RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats were divided into 4 groups(equal amounts of female and male rats in each group):model group treated with 0.9%normal saline,LF group treated with LF formula granules,SM group treated with SM formula granules,and LF and SM(L·S)group treated with LF and SM formula granules.Eight RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)rats(4 males and 4 females)were treated with 0.9%normal saline to serve as blank group.The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate and fibrinogen content in plasma,and the content of cAMP and cGMP in retinal homogenate were detected.The retina was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate,and fibrinogen content in the plasma of L·S group significantly differed from those of model group(P<0.01),but were similar to those of blank group.The contents of cAMP and cGMP in the retinal homogenate of L·S group significantly differed from those in model group(P<0.01)but were similar to those in blank group(P>0.05).Conclusions LF and SM can effectively treat retinitis pigmentosa by ameliorating the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis.

Study on the relationship between syndrome characteristics degree and inflammatory factor and negative emotional scale in"double heart disease"patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation

Objective:To Discuss the correlation between Hypersensitivity C-reactive Protein(Hs-CRP),Total Cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride(TG),negative emotion scale and TCM syndrome scores in“Double Heart Disease”patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation.Method:Fifty-two patients in Western Medicine Diagnosis of Double Heart Disease,in TCM syndrome identified as Qi stagnation blood stasis Heart gallbladder heat stagnation syndrome,detects it Hs-CRP,TC,TG levels by ELISA,use TCM Syndromes Scale to evaluate TCM Syndrome,use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Self-rating symptom scale(SCL-90)to assess anxiety and sleep levels,analyze the correlation between TCM syndrome scores and Hs-CRP,TC,TG level,PSQI index,SCL-90 index.Result:There was a significant positive correlation between Hs-CRP,TG level and TCM Syndrome scores(P<0.05);TC level was postively correlated with TCM Syndrome scores,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05);There was a significant positive correlation between PSQI index,SCL-90 index and TCM Syndrome scores(P<0.05).Conclusion:In“Double Heart Disease”patients with Qi stagnation blood stasis and heart gallbladder heat stagnation,there have characteristic syndrome changes in terms of inflammatory factor level,blood lipid level and negative emotion score;Which the above indexes can reflect the severity of TCM syndromes to a certain extent and provide the basis for the effective intervention treatment of TCM.

Effect of Shenqiyixin prescription on myocardial energy metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure

Objective:To observe the heart function、MEE and serum FFA of Shenqiyixin prescription for heart qi(yang)deficiency with blood stasis and fluid retention type of chronic heart failure patients,to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety.Methods:64 cases with chronic heart failure of heart qi(yang)deficiency with blood stasis and fluid retention were randomly divided into two groups,3 cases were excluded,31 cases in the control group and 30 cases in the treatment group.The control group was treated with western medicine,and the treatment group was treated with Shenqiyixin prescription additionally.The course of treatment was 3 weeks.Observe the changes of TCM syndrome score,6MWD,LVEF,cESS,MEE,serum NTproBNP,serum FFA and safety indexes of each group before and after treatment.Results:after treatment,the TCM Syndromes of each group were improved.The total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33%,and the control group was 83.87%.The treatment group was more effective(P<0.05).After treatment,the TCM syndrome score,cESS,MEE,NTproBNP and FFA of each group were decreased,6MWD and LVEF were increased(P<0.05),and the treatment group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shenqiyixin prescription can improve the TCM syndrome and heart function in patients with chronic heart failure of heart qi(yang)deficiency with blood stasis and fluid retention,at the same time,it can reduce the level of MEE and serum FFA in patients with heart failure.