Multi-drug(or multi-element)combinations are often prescribed in the practice of clinical medicine and as foods for special medical purposes.The main motivations for these combinations are that most diseases contain m...Multi-drug(or multi-element)combinations are often prescribed in the practice of clinical medicine and as foods for special medical purposes.The main motivations for these combinations are that most diseases contain multiple related targets and an appropriate combination can maximize benefits while minimizing adverse reactions.As such,it is especially important to derive mathematical models for their quantitative calculation.In this paper,we introduce mathematical rules for the synergistic,additive,and antagonistic effects of multi-drug combinations developed in our laboratory.We have established a“onebelt,one-line”model and provide examples of the quantitative calculation of the synergistic,additive,and antagonistic effects of a combination of multiple components.We also explain how to scientifically and precisely determine the intensity of these synergies,additions and antagonisms,as well as their corresponding dose ranges,thereby laying a solid theoretical foundation for market listing combinatorial drugs and foods for special medical purposes.展开更多
The aim of the present paper is to explain and accurately calculate the missing dark energy density of the cosmos by scaling the Planck scale and using the methodology of the relatively novel discipline of cosmic crys...The aim of the present paper is to explain and accurately calculate the missing dark energy density of the cosmos by scaling the Planck scale and using the methodology of the relatively novel discipline of cosmic crystallography and Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Following this road we arrive at a modified version of Einstein’s energy mass relation E = mc2 which predicts a cosmological energy density in astonishing accord with the WMAP and supernova measurements and analysis. We develop non-constructively what may be termed super symmetric Penrose fractal tiling and find that the isomorphic length of this tiling is equal to the self affinity radius of a universe which resembles an 11 dimensional Hilbert cube or a fractal M-theory with a Hausdorff dimension where. It then turns out that the correct maximal quantum relativity energy-mass equation for intergalactic scales is a simple relativistic scaling, in the sense of Weyl-Nottale, of Einstein’s classical equation, namely EQR = (1/2)(1/) moc2 = 0.0450849 mc2 and that this energy is the ordinary measurable energy density of the quantum particle. This means that almost 95.5% of the energy of the cosmos is dark energy which by quantum particle-wave duality is the absolute value of the energy of the quantum wave and is proportional to the square of the curvature of the curled dimension of spacetime namely where and is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Because of the quantum wave collapse on measurement this energy cannot be measured using our current technologies. The same result is obtained by involving all the 17 Stein spaces corresponding to 17 types of the wallpaper groups as well as the 230-11=219 three dimensional crystallographic group which gives the number of the first level of massless particle-like states in Heterotic string theory. All these diverse subjects find here a unified view point leading to the same result regarding the missing dark energy of the universe, which turned out to by synonymous with the absolute value of the energy of the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle into which the Hawking-Hartle wave collapse at cosmic energy measurement. In other words it is in the very act of measurement which causes our inability to measure the “Dark energy of the quantum wave” in any direct way. The only hope if any to detect dark energy and utilize it in nuclear reactors is future development of sophisticated quantum wave non-demolition measurement instruments.展开更多
This paper aims at solving several open questions in current neutrino physics: the neutrino mass hierarchy, the Dirac CP violating phase, the absolute mass of neutrinos, the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), th...This paper aims at solving several open questions in current neutrino physics: the neutrino mass hierarchy, the Dirac CP violating phase, the absolute mass of neutrinos, the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), the Majorana matrix and the absolute value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass. In the research presented in this paper, we have shown that the precise definition of the mass splittings between neutrino mass eigenstates, done in the latest analysis of experimental data, can be of crucial importance for defining the nature of neutrino mass hierarchy. The Standard Model has three generations of fundamental matter particles. Three generations of the charged lepton mass show a hierarchical structure: m<sub>τ</sub> > m<sub>μ</sub> > m<sub>e</sub>. Owing to that, there is a belief and it is considered that neutrinos may follow such hierarchical structure. In our calculations, we have also included the latest data obtained, based on the processing of measurement results, which showed that even with such data, obtained results favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. As for the individual neutrino mass calculated in this paper, in today’s neutrino physics it is only known that neutrino mass scale is bounded only from above, and both the Dirac and the Majorana character of neutrinos are compatible with all observations. Among some of the questions resolved in this paper, which are related to the properties of neutrinos, a positive answer was also given to the question of whether light neutrinos are self-conjugate particles or not.展开更多
The unit of translation has been the focus of debate through the history of translation. Barkhudarov suggests six levels of UT, each level could serve as unit of different levels of translation. Many Chinese translato...The unit of translation has been the focus of debate through the history of translation. Barkhudarov suggests six levels of UT, each level could serve as unit of different levels of translation. Many Chinese translators also expressed their opinions on this issue, but there is no settled answer yet. This paper tends to make a distinction between different texts: ordinary and special. Ordinary ones can adopt the UT of paragraph, while special ones should adopt special UTs according to their own characteristics.展开更多
The paper starts from the remarkable classical equation of the great nineteenth century Russian physicist Nikolay Umov E=kmc2 where 1/2≤k≤1, m is the mass, c is the speed of light and E is the equivalent...The paper starts from the remarkable classical equation of the great nineteenth century Russian physicist Nikolay Umov E=kmc2 where 1/2≤k≤1, m is the mass, c is the speed of light and E is the equivalent energy of m. After a short but deep discussion of the derivation of Umov we move to Einstein’s formula E=γmc2?where γis the Lorentz factor of special relativity and point out the interesting difference and similarity between Umov’s k and Lorentz-Einstein γ. This is particularly considered in depth for the special case which leads to the famous equation?E=mc2?that is interpreted here to be the maximal cosmic energy density possible. Subsequently we discuss the dissection of E=mc2 into two components, namely the cosmic dark energy density E(D)=(21/22)MC2 and the ordinary energy density E(O)=MC2/22? where?E(D)+E(O)=MC2. Finally we move from this to the three-part dissection where we show that E is simply the sum of pure dark energy E(PD) plus dark matter energy E(DM) as well as ordinary energy E(O).展开更多
The paper suggests that E = mc<sup>2</sup> may be open to misinterpretation and that in this form it is not what Einstein advanced first. It is further suggested to return to the slightly less compact form...The paper suggests that E = mc<sup>2</sup> may be open to misinterpretation and that in this form it is not what Einstein advanced first. It is further suggested to return to the slightly less compact formula E = Kmc<sup>2</sup> where a < K < 1 which has the merit of accounting for the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos (K = 1/22) and the conjectured missing dark energy density of the universe (K = 21/22) from the view point of economical notation.展开更多
In this paper, the principle techinique of the differentiator method, and some examples using the method to obtain the general solution and special solution of the differential equation are introduced. The essential d...In this paper, the principle techinique of the differentiator method, and some examples using the method to obtain the general solution and special solution of the differential equation are introduced. The essential difference between this method and the others is that by this method special and general solutions can be obtained directly with the operations of the differentor in the differential equation and without the enlightenment of other scientific knowledge.展开更多
During the period of the Japanese occupation,ordinary civil servants were the main force keeping the puppet municipal government of Tianjin functioning.In the first years of the occupation,the puppet municipal governm...During the period of the Japanese occupation,ordinary civil servants were the main force keeping the puppet municipal government of Tianjin functioning.In the first years of the occupation,the puppet municipal government mainly hired former civil servants who had served under the Nanjing National Government.After the situation was stable,the puppet municipal government also recruited civil servants by civil service examinations.The ranks of civil servants and the rules and regulations they observed were basically the same as those of the former National Government.Most ordinary civil servants came from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and were relatively young and well educated.They mainly relied on their salaries for their livelihood.For the first three years of the Japanese occupation they lived comfortably,because of their relatively high and stable incomes and the slow rate of inflation.After that,inflation soared,but their salaries did not increase correspondingly,therefore the living conditions of civil servants declined constantly.The Japanese puppet government exercised strict control over civil servants,physically and psychologically,and forced them to receive enslaving education.In short,they were in a distorted and struggling state both in their material life and their spiritual world.展开更多
文摘Multi-drug(or multi-element)combinations are often prescribed in the practice of clinical medicine and as foods for special medical purposes.The main motivations for these combinations are that most diseases contain multiple related targets and an appropriate combination can maximize benefits while minimizing adverse reactions.As such,it is especially important to derive mathematical models for their quantitative calculation.In this paper,we introduce mathematical rules for the synergistic,additive,and antagonistic effects of multi-drug combinations developed in our laboratory.We have established a“onebelt,one-line”model and provide examples of the quantitative calculation of the synergistic,additive,and antagonistic effects of a combination of multiple components.We also explain how to scientifically and precisely determine the intensity of these synergies,additions and antagonisms,as well as their corresponding dose ranges,thereby laying a solid theoretical foundation for market listing combinatorial drugs and foods for special medical purposes.
文摘The aim of the present paper is to explain and accurately calculate the missing dark energy density of the cosmos by scaling the Planck scale and using the methodology of the relatively novel discipline of cosmic crystallography and Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Following this road we arrive at a modified version of Einstein’s energy mass relation E = mc2 which predicts a cosmological energy density in astonishing accord with the WMAP and supernova measurements and analysis. We develop non-constructively what may be termed super symmetric Penrose fractal tiling and find that the isomorphic length of this tiling is equal to the self affinity radius of a universe which resembles an 11 dimensional Hilbert cube or a fractal M-theory with a Hausdorff dimension where. It then turns out that the correct maximal quantum relativity energy-mass equation for intergalactic scales is a simple relativistic scaling, in the sense of Weyl-Nottale, of Einstein’s classical equation, namely EQR = (1/2)(1/) moc2 = 0.0450849 mc2 and that this energy is the ordinary measurable energy density of the quantum particle. This means that almost 95.5% of the energy of the cosmos is dark energy which by quantum particle-wave duality is the absolute value of the energy of the quantum wave and is proportional to the square of the curvature of the curled dimension of spacetime namely where and is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. Because of the quantum wave collapse on measurement this energy cannot be measured using our current technologies. The same result is obtained by involving all the 17 Stein spaces corresponding to 17 types of the wallpaper groups as well as the 230-11=219 three dimensional crystallographic group which gives the number of the first level of massless particle-like states in Heterotic string theory. All these diverse subjects find here a unified view point leading to the same result regarding the missing dark energy of the universe, which turned out to by synonymous with the absolute value of the energy of the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave solution of Wheeler-DeWitt equation while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle into which the Hawking-Hartle wave collapse at cosmic energy measurement. In other words it is in the very act of measurement which causes our inability to measure the “Dark energy of the quantum wave” in any direct way. The only hope if any to detect dark energy and utilize it in nuclear reactors is future development of sophisticated quantum wave non-demolition measurement instruments.
文摘This paper aims at solving several open questions in current neutrino physics: the neutrino mass hierarchy, the Dirac CP violating phase, the absolute mass of neutrinos, the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), the Majorana matrix and the absolute value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass. In the research presented in this paper, we have shown that the precise definition of the mass splittings between neutrino mass eigenstates, done in the latest analysis of experimental data, can be of crucial importance for defining the nature of neutrino mass hierarchy. The Standard Model has three generations of fundamental matter particles. Three generations of the charged lepton mass show a hierarchical structure: m<sub>τ</sub> > m<sub>μ</sub> > m<sub>e</sub>. Owing to that, there is a belief and it is considered that neutrinos may follow such hierarchical structure. In our calculations, we have also included the latest data obtained, based on the processing of measurement results, which showed that even with such data, obtained results favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. As for the individual neutrino mass calculated in this paper, in today’s neutrino physics it is only known that neutrino mass scale is bounded only from above, and both the Dirac and the Majorana character of neutrinos are compatible with all observations. Among some of the questions resolved in this paper, which are related to the properties of neutrinos, a positive answer was also given to the question of whether light neutrinos are self-conjugate particles or not.
文摘The unit of translation has been the focus of debate through the history of translation. Barkhudarov suggests six levels of UT, each level could serve as unit of different levels of translation. Many Chinese translators also expressed their opinions on this issue, but there is no settled answer yet. This paper tends to make a distinction between different texts: ordinary and special. Ordinary ones can adopt the UT of paragraph, while special ones should adopt special UTs according to their own characteristics.
文摘The paper starts from the remarkable classical equation of the great nineteenth century Russian physicist Nikolay Umov E=kmc2 where 1/2≤k≤1, m is the mass, c is the speed of light and E is the equivalent energy of m. After a short but deep discussion of the derivation of Umov we move to Einstein’s formula E=γmc2?where γis the Lorentz factor of special relativity and point out the interesting difference and similarity between Umov’s k and Lorentz-Einstein γ. This is particularly considered in depth for the special case which leads to the famous equation?E=mc2?that is interpreted here to be the maximal cosmic energy density possible. Subsequently we discuss the dissection of E=mc2 into two components, namely the cosmic dark energy density E(D)=(21/22)MC2 and the ordinary energy density E(O)=MC2/22? where?E(D)+E(O)=MC2. Finally we move from this to the three-part dissection where we show that E is simply the sum of pure dark energy E(PD) plus dark matter energy E(DM) as well as ordinary energy E(O).
文摘The paper suggests that E = mc<sup>2</sup> may be open to misinterpretation and that in this form it is not what Einstein advanced first. It is further suggested to return to the slightly less compact formula E = Kmc<sup>2</sup> where a < K < 1 which has the merit of accounting for the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos (K = 1/22) and the conjectured missing dark energy density of the universe (K = 21/22) from the view point of economical notation.
文摘In this paper, the principle techinique of the differentiator method, and some examples using the method to obtain the general solution and special solution of the differential equation are introduced. The essential difference between this method and the others is that by this method special and general solutions can be obtained directly with the operations of the differentor in the differential equation and without the enlightenment of other scientific knowledge.
文摘During the period of the Japanese occupation,ordinary civil servants were the main force keeping the puppet municipal government of Tianjin functioning.In the first years of the occupation,the puppet municipal government mainly hired former civil servants who had served under the Nanjing National Government.After the situation was stable,the puppet municipal government also recruited civil servants by civil service examinations.The ranks of civil servants and the rules and regulations they observed were basically the same as those of the former National Government.Most ordinary civil servants came from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and were relatively young and well educated.They mainly relied on their salaries for their livelihood.For the first three years of the Japanese occupation they lived comfortably,because of their relatively high and stable incomes and the slow rate of inflation.After that,inflation soared,but their salaries did not increase correspondingly,therefore the living conditions of civil servants declined constantly.The Japanese puppet government exercised strict control over civil servants,physically and psychologically,and forced them to receive enslaving education.In short,they were in a distorted and struggling state both in their material life and their spiritual world.
