The discrimination of synonyms has always been one of the great challenges for English learners.Taking assessment and evaluation as examples,this study analyses the similarities and differences of the two words,as wel...The discrimination of synonyms has always been one of the great challenges for English learners.Taking assessment and evaluation as examples,this study analyses the similarities and differences of the two words,as well as their usage from the perspectives of frequency,stylistics,collocation and semantic prosody with the help of British National Corpus,and demonstrates the importance of corpus retrieval tools in synonyms discrimination.Furthermore,this paper will give some suggestions for English learners and teachers in English vocabulary teaching.展开更多
This paper investigates the verb valency structure of English that is used by English as Foreign Language(EFL)learners from a corpus-driven perspective.Specifically,it focuses on the usage of the verbs“suggest”and“...This paper investigates the verb valency structure of English that is used by English as Foreign Language(EFL)learners from a corpus-driven perspective.Specifically,it focuses on the usage of the verbs“suggest”and“advise”in a selected corpus.By analyzing a sample of written and spoken texts,this study attempts to investigate the similarities and differences in the patterns of verb valency between native English speakers and Chinese EFL learners.The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by Chinese EFL learners in acquiring accurate verb valency structures and provide insights for language teachers in designing effective pedagogical approaches.展开更多
Distinguishing the meanings of near synonyms always seems to be a challenging task for Chinese EFL learners,as is the case with bring about and give rise to be exemplified in the paper.I will use a corpus approach to ...Distinguishing the meanings of near synonyms always seems to be a challenging task for Chinese EFL learners,as is the case with bring about and give rise to be exemplified in the paper.I will use a corpus approach to unveil some implied semantic patterns and pragmatic features of the two phrases,and generalize their semantic prosodies as used by native English speakers by analyzing what kinds of nouns tend to co-occur with them,and also discuss whether there is a transfer of negative semantic prosody from the word cause to the two phrases under discussion.展开更多
Corpus-based studies show that near-synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and semantic prosody which causes deviation in Chinese EFL learners’English using.This paper attempts to investigate the effectivene...Corpus-based studies show that near-synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and semantic prosody which causes deviation in Chinese EFL learners’English using.This paper attempts to investigate the effectiveness of a corpus-based approach to the teaching and learning of near synonyms and their collocations.By using internet accessible computers to log on to websites of BNC and COCA,learners can view real language data and study the usage of targeted near synonyms.This empirical study tends to show that a corpus based approach is positively effective to the learning of near synonyms.It also provides some pedagogical implications that learners can play a major and active role in DDL and teachers only act as assistants.展开更多
Word similarity(WS)is a fundamental and critical task in natural language processing.Existing approaches to WS are mainly to calculate the similarity or relatedness of word pairs based on word embedding obtained by ma...Word similarity(WS)is a fundamental and critical task in natural language processing.Existing approaches to WS are mainly to calculate the similarity or relatedness of word pairs based on word embedding obtained by massive and high-quality corpus.However,it may suffer from poor performance for insufficient corpus in some specific fields,and cannot capture rich semantic and sentimental information.To address these above problems,we propose an enhancing embedding-based word similarity evaluation with character-word concepts and synonyms knowledge,namely EWS-CS model,which can provide extra semantic information to enhance word similarity evaluation.The core of our approach contains knowledge encoder and word encoder.In knowledge encoder,we incorporate the semantic knowledge extracted from knowledge resources,including character-word concepts,synonyms and sentiment lexicons,to obtain knowledge representation.Word encoder is to learn enhancing embedding-based word representation from pre-trained model and knowledge representation based on similarity task.Finally,compared with baseline models,the experiments on four similarity evaluation datasets validate the effectiveness of our EWS-CS model in WS task.展开更多
This paper investigates Chinese EFL learners＇ acquisition of completely, totally and absolutely through a contrastive analysis of their collocation, colligation, semantic preference and semantic prosody based on the ...This paper investigates Chinese EFL learners＇ acquisition of completely, totally and absolutely through a contrastive analysis of their collocation, colligation, semantic preference and semantic prosody based on the Ten-thousand English Compositions of Chinese Learners （TECCL Corpus） and Corpus of Contemporary American English （COCA）. The results show that adjective and verb are two major words frequently co-occurring with the group of synonyms, but only a few of them meet the default collocation criterion （frequency〉3, MI〉3）, and many co-occurring words used by Chinese learners don＇t appear in COCA. Besides, the co-occurring adjectives and verbs in TECCL are so diverse that they don＇t establish fixed semantic relations as in COCA, therefore, there is a big difference in semantic preference and semantic prosody between Chinese learners and native speakers. With the advance of English proficiency, more collocates are used by college learners than middle school learners, but there is no clear and significant improvement in semantic preference and semantic prosody.展开更多
Languages embody a lot of words that are considered as synonyms, and people just take it for granted that such words are identical in meaning without any discrimination. However, a corpus-based approach to the study o...Languages embody a lot of words that are considered as synonyms, and people just take it for granted that such words are identical in meaning without any discrimination. However, a corpus-based approach to the study of the collocational behavior of the two frequently-used pairs of synonyms （selection and option, ill and sick） reveals significant discrepancies in the use of these two pairs of synonyms by Chinese English learners and native speakers. According to the analysis, the major problems lie in the current ways of vocabulary teaching and learning. This paper aims to highlight the important role of the corpus-based collocational research in English vocabulary teaching and learning. In the end, some suggestions concerning vocabulary teaching and leaming are put forward on the basis of corpus-based research.展开更多
In order to better apply the semantic prosody theory to distinguish synonyms,this article chooses to use analysis software and corpus to specifically compare and analyze the difference between“weichi(维持)”and“baoc...In order to better apply the semantic prosody theory to distinguish synonyms,this article chooses to use analysis software and corpus to specifically compare and analyze the difference between“weichi(维持)”and“baochi(保持)”.Although both“weichi(维持)”and“baochi(保持)”show neutral colors in the dictionary,through analysis of collocation words,it is found that“baochi(保持)”is often matched with positively colored words,so it has positive semantic characteristics,while“weichi(维持)”is more neutral and negative semantic prosody characteristics,and in the diachronic and synchronic word frequency survey,the word frequency of“baochi(保持)”is higher than that of“weichi(维持)”.展开更多
This paper first points out the deficiency of listing synonyms by some dictionaries,such as the Cobuild Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms,which,however,have actually failed in distinguishing bet...This paper first points out the deficiency of listing synonyms by some dictionaries,such as the Cobuild Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms,which,however,have actually failed in distinguishing between some synonyms.Then,the paper attempts to solve the problem by providing a brief review of relevant studies in the past few decades on near synonyms with a focus on differences in denotation,connotation and semantic prosody of words as well as various definitions of semantic prosody and related researches.By evaluating the relevant research and defintions of semantic prosody,the review concluded that the alleged dictionaries would be perfected with the provision of connotations or semantic prosodies for near synonyms before suggesting out the focus of future and further research into near synonyms.展开更多
The discrimination of synonyms has always been the key and difficult points in language learning.By using the British Na⁃tional Corpus(BNC)to retrieve the standard frequency,registers and collocations of the three com...The discrimination of synonyms has always been the key and difficult points in language learning.By using the British Na⁃tional Corpus(BNC)to retrieve the standard frequency,registers and collocations of the three common words,DESTORY,RUIN and DEMOLISH,this paper analyzes their similarities and differences.Besides,this paper demonstrates the strong ancillary func⁃tion of corpus in synonyms discrimination as well as in English teaching and learning.展开更多
Distinguishing synonyms is invariably an important and difficult point in language learning. The author analyzes the sens-es, colligation, grammar and collocation of a pair of synonyms, ill and sick, and explores thei...Distinguishing synonyms is invariably an important and difficult point in language learning. The author analyzes the sens-es, colligation, grammar and collocation of a pair of synonyms, ill and sick, and explores their differences by adopting the corpus-based approach. Language learners and teachers are suggested to realize the significance of using corpus widely as an effective wayof distinguishing synonyms so as to promote their learning and teaching.展开更多
Synonym differentiation has always been a difficulty in English learning. Traditionally, definitions and examples from dictionaries are taken to illustrate shades of differences between synonyms, which fails to provid...Synonym differentiation has always been a difficulty in English learning. Traditionally, definitions and examples from dictionaries are taken to illustrate shades of differences between synonyms, which fails to provide a comprehensive description of these differences for students to differ synonyms. However, with the large volume, authentic materials, fast and convenient retrieval provided by corpus, the corpus-based synonym differentiation method can make a comprehensive description of synonyms in terms of their distinctive features in frequency distribution, collocation, colligation and semantic prosody. A corpus-based method will be employed to analyze the differences among the three English synonyms"conquer""overcome"and"surmount"based on the data collected from COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), so as to throw new light on synonym differentiation, offering a new way to study synonyms, and to provide references for lexical teaching and second language acquisition.展开更多
The investigation of near-synonyms is of great significance to the study of English vocabulary and teaching . The British National Corpus (BNC) is chosen to analyze and distinguish synonyms for Chinese English learner...The investigation of near-synonyms is of great significance to the study of English vocabulary and teaching . The British National Corpus (BNC) is chosen to analyze and distinguish synonyms for Chinese English learners, which provide some implica- tions for English teaching, especially for lexical teaching. The results show that near synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and frequency.展开更多
Using British National Corpus(BNC)as the reference corpus and Chinese Learner's English Corpus(CLEC)as the observed corpus,this paper attempts to analyze synonyms in Chinese learners5 English based on"event&q...Using British National Corpus(BNC)as the reference corpus and Chinese Learner's English Corpus(CLEC)as the observed corpus,this paper attempts to analyze synonyms in Chinese learners5 English based on"event"and tcaffair.?,By comparing the frequency,colligation,collocates,and semantic prosody of the two words in BNC,it is found that"event"and“affaiT”differ from each other in terms of frequency and semantic prosody.The same comparison is made between BNC and CLEC.It is found that Chinese learnersJ English vocabulary is rather small,and there is no significant difference in the semantic prosody of the two words between English native speakers and Chinese English learners except that Chinese English learners have a misunderstanding about"love affair,which may be attributed to their negligence of semantic prosody in the process of learning.展开更多
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) gene in protein function and structure using different computational software. Introduct...Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) gene in protein function and structure using different computational software. Introduction: The GLP1R gene provides the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes. The protein is an important drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and stroke. Material and Methods: Different nsSNPs and protein-related sequences were obtained from NCBI and ExPASY database. Gene associations and interactions were predicted using GeneMANIA software. Deleterious and damaging effects of nsSNPs were analyzed using SIFT, Provean, and Polyphen-2. The association of the nsSNPs with the disease was predicted using SNPs & GO software. Protein stability was investigated using I-Mutant and MUpro software. The structural and functional impact of point mutations was predicted using Project Hope software. Project Hope analyzes the mutations according to their size, charge, hydrophobicity, and conservancy. Results: The GLP1R gene was found to have an association with 20 other different genes. Among the most important ones is the GCG (glucagon) gene which is also a trans membrane protein. Overall 7229 variants were seen, and the missense variants or nsSNPs (146) were selected for further analysis. The total number of nsSNPs obtained in this study was 146. After being subjected to SIFT software (27 Deleterious and 119 Tolerated) were predicted. Analysis with Provean showed that (20 deleterious and 7 neutral). Analysis using Polyphen-2 revealed 17 probably damaging, 2 possibly damaging and 1 benign nsSNPs. Using two additional software SNPs & GO and PHD-SNPs showed that 14 and 17 nsSNPs had a disease effect, respectively. Project Hope software predicts the effect of the 14 nsSNPs on the protein function due to differences in charge, size, hydrophobicity, and conservancy between the wild and mutant types. Conclusion: In this study, the 14 nsSNPs which were highly affected the protein function. This protein is providing the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes and also affect the treatment of diabetic patients due to the fact that the protein acts as an important drug target.展开更多
The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Z...The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng) and Fuscoptilia jarosi Arenberger are described for the first time in science. The adults are photographed, and the male and female genital structures are figured. A key to the described species in the world is given.展开更多
The genus Oralia Malaise is recorded from China with three species described as new to science: Oralia fulva sp. nov., Oralia acuritheca sp. nov., Oralia tibetana sp. nov.. The genus Himindica Sain...The genus Oralia Malaise is recorded from China with three species described as new to science: Oralia fulva sp. nov., Oralia acuritheca sp. nov., Oralia tibetana sp. nov.. The genus Himindica Saini, 1996 is treated as junior synonym of Oralia Malaise, 1961. Two new specific synonyms and two new combinations are proposed: Oralia nigroclypeata Malaise, 1961 = Himindica nigrothorax Saini et Vasu, 1997, syn. nov., Oralia fossulata Malaise, 1961 = Himindica maculipleuris Saini et Vasu, 1997, syn. nov.; Oralia himalayaensis (Saini et Deep, 1991), comb. nov., Oralia meghalayaensis (Saini et Vasu, 1997), comb. nov. A synoptic key is also provided for the known species of Oralia Malaise.展开更多
The identity of two Lyristes species described by Schmidt is readdressed based on examination of the type materials. Lyristes wui Schmidt, 1932 is recognized to be a junior synonym of Salvazana mirabilis Distant, 1913...The identity of two Lyristes species described by Schmidt is readdressed based on examination of the type materials. Lyristes wui Schmidt, 1932 is recognized to be a junior synonym of Salvazana mirabilis Distant, 1913, and Lyristes altaiensis Schmidt, 1932 is a junior synonym of a North American species, Neotibicen resh （Haldeman, 1852）. Lyristes altaiensis may have been erroneously recorded from China most possibly due to the mislabeling of the holotype.展开更多
Based on comparison of the type specimens, Parapolytrechus [sic] flavotarsus Wang ＆ Zheng, 2002 is a new junior synonym ofNeoxenicotela mausoni Breuning, 1947.
文摘The discrimination of synonyms has always been one of the great challenges for English learners.Taking assessment and evaluation as examples,this study analyses the similarities and differences of the two words,as well as their usage from the perspectives of frequency,stylistics,collocation and semantic prosody with the help of British National Corpus,and demonstrates the importance of corpus retrieval tools in synonyms discrimination.Furthermore,this paper will give some suggestions for English learners and teachers in English vocabulary teaching.
文摘This paper investigates the verb valency structure of English that is used by English as Foreign Language(EFL)learners from a corpus-driven perspective.Specifically,it focuses on the usage of the verbs“suggest”and“advise”in a selected corpus.By analyzing a sample of written and spoken texts,this study attempts to investigate the similarities and differences in the patterns of verb valency between native English speakers and Chinese EFL learners.The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by Chinese EFL learners in acquiring accurate verb valency structures and provide insights for language teachers in designing effective pedagogical approaches.
文摘Distinguishing the meanings of near synonyms always seems to be a challenging task for Chinese EFL learners,as is the case with bring about and give rise to be exemplified in the paper.I will use a corpus approach to unveil some implied semantic patterns and pragmatic features of the two phrases,and generalize their semantic prosodies as used by native English speakers by analyzing what kinds of nouns tend to co-occur with them,and also discuss whether there is a transfer of negative semantic prosody from the word cause to the two phrases under discussion.
文摘Corpus-based studies show that near-synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and semantic prosody which causes deviation in Chinese EFL learners’English using.This paper attempts to investigate the effectiveness of a corpus-based approach to the teaching and learning of near synonyms and their collocations.By using internet accessible computers to log on to websites of BNC and COCA,learners can view real language data and study the usage of targeted near synonyms.This empirical study tends to show that a corpus based approach is positively effective to the learning of near synonyms.It also provides some pedagogical implications that learners can play a major and active role in DDL and teachers only act as assistants.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61801440),the High-quality and Cutting-edge Disciplines Construction Project for Universities in Beijing(Internet Information,Communication University of China),State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication(Communication University of China),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Word similarity(WS)is a fundamental and critical task in natural language processing.Existing approaches to WS are mainly to calculate the similarity or relatedness of word pairs based on word embedding obtained by massive and high-quality corpus.However,it may suffer from poor performance for insufficient corpus in some specific fields,and cannot capture rich semantic and sentimental information.To address these above problems,we propose an enhancing embedding-based word similarity evaluation with character-word concepts and synonyms knowledge,namely EWS-CS model,which can provide extra semantic information to enhance word similarity evaluation.The core of our approach contains knowledge encoder and word encoder.In knowledge encoder,we incorporate the semantic knowledge extracted from knowledge resources,including character-word concepts,synonyms and sentiment lexicons,to obtain knowledge representation.Word encoder is to learn enhancing embedding-based word representation from pre-trained model and knowledge representation based on similarity task.Finally,compared with baseline models,the experiments on four similarity evaluation datasets validate the effectiveness of our EWS-CS model in WS task.
文摘This paper investigates Chinese EFL learners＇ acquisition of completely, totally and absolutely through a contrastive analysis of their collocation, colligation, semantic preference and semantic prosody based on the Ten-thousand English Compositions of Chinese Learners （TECCL Corpus） and Corpus of Contemporary American English （COCA）. The results show that adjective and verb are two major words frequently co-occurring with the group of synonyms, but only a few of them meet the default collocation criterion （frequency〉3, MI〉3）, and many co-occurring words used by Chinese learners don＇t appear in COCA. Besides, the co-occurring adjectives and verbs in TECCL are so diverse that they don＇t establish fixed semantic relations as in COCA, therefore, there is a big difference in semantic preference and semantic prosody between Chinese learners and native speakers. With the advance of English proficiency, more collocates are used by college learners than middle school learners, but there is no clear and significant improvement in semantic preference and semantic prosody.
文摘Languages embody a lot of words that are considered as synonyms, and people just take it for granted that such words are identical in meaning without any discrimination. However, a corpus-based approach to the study of the collocational behavior of the two frequently-used pairs of synonyms （selection and option, ill and sick） reveals significant discrepancies in the use of these two pairs of synonyms by Chinese English learners and native speakers. According to the analysis, the major problems lie in the current ways of vocabulary teaching and learning. This paper aims to highlight the important role of the corpus-based collocational research in English vocabulary teaching and learning. In the end, some suggestions concerning vocabulary teaching and leaming are put forward on the basis of corpus-based research.
文摘In order to better apply the semantic prosody theory to distinguish synonyms,this article chooses to use analysis software and corpus to specifically compare and analyze the difference between“weichi(维持)”and“baochi(保持)”.Although both“weichi(维持)”and“baochi(保持)”show neutral colors in the dictionary,through analysis of collocation words,it is found that“baochi(保持)”is often matched with positively colored words,so it has positive semantic characteristics,while“weichi(维持)”is more neutral and negative semantic prosody characteristics,and in the diachronic and synchronic word frequency survey,the word frequency of“baochi(保持)”is higher than that of“weichi(维持)”.
文摘This paper first points out the deficiency of listing synonyms by some dictionaries,such as the Cobuild Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms,which,however,have actually failed in distinguishing between some synonyms.Then,the paper attempts to solve the problem by providing a brief review of relevant studies in the past few decades on near synonyms with a focus on differences in denotation,connotation and semantic prosody of words as well as various definitions of semantic prosody and related researches.By evaluating the relevant research and defintions of semantic prosody,the review concluded that the alleged dictionaries would be perfected with the provision of connotations or semantic prosodies for near synonyms before suggesting out the focus of future and further research into near synonyms.
文摘The discrimination of synonyms has always been the key and difficult points in language learning.By using the British Na⁃tional Corpus(BNC)to retrieve the standard frequency,registers and collocations of the three common words,DESTORY,RUIN and DEMOLISH,this paper analyzes their similarities and differences.Besides,this paper demonstrates the strong ancillary func⁃tion of corpus in synonyms discrimination as well as in English teaching and learning.
文摘Distinguishing synonyms is invariably an important and difficult point in language learning. The author analyzes the sens-es, colligation, grammar and collocation of a pair of synonyms, ill and sick, and explores their differences by adopting the corpus-based approach. Language learners and teachers are suggested to realize the significance of using corpus widely as an effective wayof distinguishing synonyms so as to promote their learning and teaching.
文摘Synonym differentiation has always been a difficulty in English learning. Traditionally, definitions and examples from dictionaries are taken to illustrate shades of differences between synonyms, which fails to provide a comprehensive description of these differences for students to differ synonyms. However, with the large volume, authentic materials, fast and convenient retrieval provided by corpus, the corpus-based synonym differentiation method can make a comprehensive description of synonyms in terms of their distinctive features in frequency distribution, collocation, colligation and semantic prosody. A corpus-based method will be employed to analyze the differences among the three English synonyms"conquer""overcome"and"surmount"based on the data collected from COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), so as to throw new light on synonym differentiation, offering a new way to study synonyms, and to provide references for lexical teaching and second language acquisition.
文摘The investigation of near-synonyms is of great significance to the study of English vocabulary and teaching . The British National Corpus (BNC) is chosen to analyze and distinguish synonyms for Chinese English learners, which provide some implica- tions for English teaching, especially for lexical teaching. The results show that near synonyms differ in their collocational behavior and frequency.
文摘Using British National Corpus(BNC)as the reference corpus and Chinese Learner's English Corpus(CLEC)as the observed corpus,this paper attempts to analyze synonyms in Chinese learners5 English based on"event"and tcaffair.?,By comparing the frequency,colligation,collocates,and semantic prosody of the two words in BNC,it is found that"event"and“affaiT”differ from each other in terms of frequency and semantic prosody.The same comparison is made between BNC and CLEC.It is found that Chinese learnersJ English vocabulary is rather small,and there is no significant difference in the semantic prosody of the two words between English native speakers and Chinese English learners except that Chinese English learners have a misunderstanding about"love affair,which may be attributed to their negligence of semantic prosody in the process of learning.
文摘Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) gene in protein function and structure using different computational software. Introduction: The GLP1R gene provides the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes. The protein is an important drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and stroke. Material and Methods: Different nsSNPs and protein-related sequences were obtained from NCBI and ExPASY database. Gene associations and interactions were predicted using GeneMANIA software. Deleterious and damaging effects of nsSNPs were analyzed using SIFT, Provean, and Polyphen-2. The association of the nsSNPs with the disease was predicted using SNPs & GO software. Protein stability was investigated using I-Mutant and MUpro software. The structural and functional impact of point mutations was predicted using Project Hope software. Project Hope analyzes the mutations according to their size, charge, hydrophobicity, and conservancy. Results: The GLP1R gene was found to have an association with 20 other different genes. Among the most important ones is the GCG (glucagon) gene which is also a trans membrane protein. Overall 7229 variants were seen, and the missense variants or nsSNPs (146) were selected for further analysis. The total number of nsSNPs obtained in this study was 146. After being subjected to SIFT software (27 Deleterious and 119 Tolerated) were predicted. Analysis with Provean showed that (20 deleterious and 7 neutral). Analysis using Polyphen-2 revealed 17 probably damaging, 2 possibly damaging and 1 benign nsSNPs. Using two additional software SNPs & GO and PHD-SNPs showed that 14 and 17 nsSNPs had a disease effect, respectively. Project Hope software predicts the effect of the 14 nsSNPs on the protein function due to differences in charge, size, hydrophobicity, and conservancy between the wild and mutant types. Conclusion: In this study, the 14 nsSNPs which were highly affected the protein function. This protein is providing the necessary instruction for the synthesis of the insulin hormones which is needed for glucose catabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes and also affect the treatment of diabetic patients due to the fact that the protein acts as an important drug target.
基金pported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270181)
文摘The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng) and Fuscoptilia jarosi Arenberger are described for the first time in science. The adults are photographed, and the male and female genital structures are figured. A key to the described species in the world is given.
文摘The genus Oralia Malaise is recorded from China with three species described as new to science: Oralia fulva sp. nov., Oralia acuritheca sp. nov., Oralia tibetana sp. nov.. The genus Himindica Saini, 1996 is treated as junior synonym of Oralia Malaise, 1961. Two new specific synonyms and two new combinations are proposed: Oralia nigroclypeata Malaise, 1961 = Himindica nigrothorax Saini et Vasu, 1997, syn. nov., Oralia fossulata Malaise, 1961 = Himindica maculipleuris Saini et Vasu, 1997, syn. nov.; Oralia himalayaensis (Saini et Deep, 1991), comb. nov., Oralia meghalayaensis (Saini et Vasu, 1997), comb. nov. A synoptic key is also provided for the known species of Oralia Malaise.
文摘The identity of two Lyristes species described by Schmidt is readdressed based on examination of the type materials. Lyristes wui Schmidt, 1932 is recognized to be a junior synonym of Salvazana mirabilis Distant, 1913, and Lyristes altaiensis Schmidt, 1932 is a junior synonym of a North American species, Neotibicen resh （Haldeman, 1852）. Lyristes altaiensis may have been erroneously recorded from China most possibly due to the mislabeling of the holotype.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000967,31010103913)
文摘Based on comparison of the type specimens, Parapolytrechus [sic] flavotarsus Wang ＆ Zheng, 2002 is a new junior synonym ofNeoxenicotela mausoni Breuning, 1947.
